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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Streaming Potential Fluctuation around a Cylinder in Water (1970)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 9 (1970), S. 211-216 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i160034a004
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aerodynamics of Buildings (1976)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 8 (1976), S. 75-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.08.010176.000451
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A flow visualization technique for low-speed wind-tunnel studies (1987)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 5 (1987), S. 212-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The paper describes a flow visualization technique (direct injection method) used in low-speed wind-tunnel studies. Mixture of titanium tetrachloride and carbon tetrachloride is used to produce closely spaced parallel streaklines of white smoke of long duration. The technique is described in detail and representative photographs of various flow patterns are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298465
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractal aspects of integrated concentration fluctuations (1993)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 62 (1993), S. 291-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Time series of vertically integrated concentrations (VIC) across neutrally buoyant plumes are used to study the fractal and multifractal characteristics of passive scalar fluctuations in turbulent flow fields. Here, the multifractal analysis is based on a novel definition of the singularity spectrum-F(α) of the time records. Approximations for quantities such as the fractal dimension and the spectral exponent are derived as functions ofF(α) and are compared with the experimental results. Among other things, we show that VIC records are characterized by two typical subdomains. One domain, which is related to integrated concentration fluctuations, is a subfractal process; whereas the second one, which is directly related to the concentration fluctuations, is a fractal process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705560
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mean temperature and mean concentration distributions over a physically modelled three-dimensional heat island for different stability conditions (1975)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 9 (1975), S. 427-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Results of flow visualization, and the mean temperature measurements over a physically modelled three-dimensional heat island in a wind tunnel capable of simulating stratified atmospheric boundary layers are presented. Concentration measurements of Kr85 released from an upwind two-dimensional continuous line source show good correlation with flow visualization and mean temperature distributions. The results indicate the unique features of three-dimensional flow over a heat island - lateral low-level convergence, upward vertical motions, and upper-level horizontal divergence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00223392
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluctuations of line integrated concentrations across plume diffusion in grid generated turbulence and in shear flows (1993)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 62 (1993), S. 247-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The fluctuations of the instantaneous values of line integrated concentrations across plumes from point sources diffusing in turbulent shear flows, and in grid generated turbulence, have been studied experimentally using a fast response system which measured the attenuation of the intensity of an infrared beam crossing the plume. Analysis of the measurements show that the dimensionless statistical properties of the fluctuations at different distances from the source at each flow are approximately similar, in the sense that they depend primarily on the relative off-center location of the line of integration and almost independent of the distance from the source and the nature of the turbulence in the flows, as long as the characteristic length of the mean plume is not large compared to the size of the large eddies. The characteristic time of the fluctuations, on the other hand, was found to grow with the distance from the source and the autocorrelations of the fluctuations, particularly in the case of a plume diffusing in grid generated turbulence, were it found to be proportional to the lateral size of the mean plume. A—5/3 decay law of the power spectrum of the fluctuations was observed in the low frequency range which corresponds to the scale of the large eddies. The decay of the fluctuations caused by smaller eddies was much faster, as expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00705557
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling of atmospheric transport and fumigation at shoreline sites (1975)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 9 (1975), S. 69-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Plumes initially exhausted into stable air over water disperse slowly; yet after crossing a coastline and travelling inland for a sufficient distance, the plumes interact with thermals rising from the land and may be brought rapidly to the ground. Model studies of a typical power plant sited along a lake shoreline were made to determine mixing-layer growth over the land and fumigation potential of elevated releases. An atmospheric boundary-layer wind tunnel simulated water and land temperature differences and an initially ground-based inversion approach flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232255
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow over high roughness elements (1971)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 1 (1971), S. 321-344 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The mean velocity and longitudinal turbulence-intensity distributions inside the zone of and above high roughness elements were investigated experimentally. This was accomplished by using a model forest canopy. The results indicate that the flow may be divided into transition and fully-developed flow regions, followed by a short adjustment distance near the downstream terminus of the rough boundary. The transition region has a strong effect on the flow characteristics within and above the layer of roughness elements. Generally, a similar qualitative variation for both velocity and turbulence was found inside and above the roughness zone, whose influence extends to more than three times the roughness height. Investigation of the modified universal logarithmic law for describing the velocity variation above the roughness zone revealed that both of the so-called similarity parameters, i.e., friction velocity and roughness length, are not local constants. On the contrary, for a given flow and local conditions they vary drastically with height. It is suspected that this is due to the fact that the classical assumption of constant shear stress throughout the boundary layer or significant portions of it is not satisfied in the case of roughness elements many times greater in height than the thickness of the viscous wall zone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02186035
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wind Tunnel simulation of diffusion in a convective boundary layer (1984)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 30 (1984), S. 431-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A study of turbulent dispersion of passive tracers in unstable boundary layers, conducted in the Meteorological Wind Tunnel of the Fluid Dynamics and Diffusion Laboratory at Colorado State University, is described. The measured mean and turbulent velocities are found to be similar to those measured in atmospheric convective boundary layers. The diffusion pattern, from ground-level and elevated sources over both a smooth floor and a rough floor, is found to be the same as that measured in the water-tank experiments of Deardorff and Willis (1975) and in numerical models. The measurements show an initial rapid descent of plumes from elevated sources and a subsequent plume rise at t* 〉 0.5 h/w*. Ground-level concentrations from elevated sources are found to be larger, at certain distances from the source, than those from a ground-level source of equal strength. The measurements of the cross-wind spread Σv are in agreement with the Prairie Grass measurements and confirm earlier predictions that the initial cross-wind spread for ground-level sources is larger than that for elevated sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00121965
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physical modelling of flow and dispersion over complex terrain (1984)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 30 (1984), S. 261-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Atmospheric motion and dispersion over topography characterized by irregular (or regular) hill-valley or mountain-valley distributions are strongly dependent upon three general sets of variables. These are variables that describe topographic geometry, synoptic-scale winds and surface-air temperature distributions. In addition, pollutant concentration distributions also depend upon location and physical characteristics of the pollutant source. Overall fluid-flow complexity and variability from site to site have stimulated the development and use of physical modelling for determination of flow and dispersion in many wind-engineering applications. Models with length scales as small as 1:12,000 have been placed in boundary-layer wind tunnels to study flows in which forced convection by synoptic winds is of primary significance. Flows driven primarily by forces arising from temperature differences (gravitational or free convection) have been investigated by small-scale physical models placed in an isolated space (gravitational convection chamber). Similarity criteria and facilities for both forced and gravitational-convection flow studies are discussed. Forced-convection modelling is illustrated by application to dispersion of air pollutants by unstable flow near a paper mill in the state of Maryland and by stable flow over Point Arguello, California. Gravitational-convection modelling is demonstrated by a study of drainage flow and pollutant transport from a proposed mining operation in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Other studies in which field data are available for comparison with model data are reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00121957
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