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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the hemocyte population of Drosophila larvae after single and multiple parasitization by Cothonaspis (parasitic cynipidae)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 34 (1979), S. 88-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-2011
    Keywords: Cothonaspis boulardi ; Drosophila yakuba, larvae ; cellular immunity ; hemocyte
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2011(79)90058-2
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduced cellular immune competence of a temperature-sensitive dopa decarboxylase mutant strain of Drosophila melanogaster against the parasite Leptopilina boulardi
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and 101 (1992), S. 453-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-0491
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0305-0491(92)90027-O
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conserving genetic variability of a wild insect population under laboratory conditions (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 67 (1993), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: inbreeding ; colonization ; isofemale line ; Drosophila ; Diptera ; Leptopilina boulardi ; Cynipidae ; Hymenoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé D. melanogaster (Meigen) a été utilisé pour tester la capacité des lignées isofemelles à conserver la variabilité génétique d'une population naturelle. Deux types d'expériences ont été réalisées. L'une a consisté à déterminer la variabilité génétique de 3 locus enzymatiques pour 32 lignées isofemelles à la première et à la 23ème génération d'élevage au laboratoire. L'autre a consisté à tester la capacité des larves à éliminer un parasitoïde par le processus d'encapsulation après 8 années d'élevage au laboratoire. D'une façon générale, certaines lignées isofemelles perdent de la variabilité durant les 23 générations de l'étude. Mais la fréquence globale des allèles reste inchangée si l'on considère l'ensemble des 32 lignées. Le seul allèle rare observé a également été conservé. Les modifications des fréquences allèliques à chacun des locus ont lieu de façon indépendante les unes des autres. La variabilité génétique d'un caractère biologique, la capacité des larves à encapsuler le parasitoïde, a également varié, mais elle a pu être restaurée à un niveau proche de la population initiale en rassemblant plusieurs individus de chacune des lignées.
    Notes: Abstract Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) was used to test the power of isofemale lines in preserving genetic variability. We performed experiments in two ways. One series consisted of measuring the genetic variability for three enzymatic loci in 32 isofemale lines, in the first and 23rd generations of culture. In the second series, we tested the capacity of the larvae to eliminate a parasitoid by encapsulation after eight years of laboratory breeding. In general, individual isofemale lines appeared to change during the 23 generations of the study, but the global frequency of these alleles among the 32 isofemale lines stayed relatively unchanged. The only rare allele observed was also conserved. Changes in allozyme frequencies at any one locus were independent of those at other loci. Genetic variation of a biological trait, the capacity of the larvae to encapsulate a parasitoid, also changed, but it could be restored to a level close to that of the starting population by mass hybridizing together individuals of each line.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383432
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intraspecific variation ofDrosophila buzzatii larval breeding success onOpuntia: A yeast-plant-insect relationship (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 87-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Isofemale lines ; yeasts ; Opuntia ; plant-insect relationship ; genetic variability ; viability ; developmental time ; Drosophila buzzatii
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cactophilic species,Drosophila buzzatii, normally breeds in decaying pockets ofOpuntia cladodes, in which there is a complex interaction with the microbial flora, especially yeast species. Isofemale lines were used to estimate genetic variation among larvae reared on their natural feeding substrate. Four naturally occurring cactophilic yeast species isolated from the same Tunisian oasis as theDrosophila population were used. Two fitness components were studied for each line, viability and developmental time. Genetic variations amongD. buzzatii lines were observed for both traits. A significant yeast species x isofemale line interaction for viability was also evidenced, suggesting the occurrence of specialized genotypes for the utilization of breeding substrates. This genetic heterogeneity in the natural population may favor a better adaptation to the patchily distribution of yeasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00688997
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between searching strategies ofDrosophila parasitoids and the polymorphic behavior of their hosts (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 5 (1992), S. 161-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: rover/sitter ; larval behavior ; genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster ; parasitoid success ; field population
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two strains of Drosophila melanogaster, “rover” and “sitter,” differing in locomotion while foraging were simultaneously exposed to females of either Leptopilina boulardi or Ganaspis xanthopoda (parasitic Hymenoptera). These two parasitoids show different modes of host-searching behavior, ovipositor searching, or vibrotaxis, respectively. L. boulardi parasitized the sitter host strain significantly more than the rover. In contrast, G. xanthopoda parasitized the rover strain more than the sitter. In one case, L. boulardi selected far more sitters than rovers in population cage experiments. We also describe the frequencies of rovers and sitters in three natural populations where the local parasitoid community may have partially contributed to the differences in rover and sitter frequencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049287
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biologie de Pimpla instigator (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae) (1974)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 17 (1974), S. 265-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Experimental analysis of the behaviour of Pimpla instigator (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), a parasite of the pupa of Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera), has permitted identification of the divers stimuli perceived by this insect feeder in the search for its host. The Pimpla female is able to locate its host with precision when the latter is placed in a long (24 cm) cylindrical paper case, and does so with the very first thrusts of its sting. Olfaction plays a deciding role in this process, given a choice between two paper containers one of which is emitting odours given out by the host, the female parasite stings the latter preferentially. The form of the host also plays a part, Pimpla being the more stimulated to sting the more the container displays a high degree of relief. If there is no relief (the pupa covered by a simple plane paper surface), Pimpla locates its host by means of the olfactory sense. Thus, Pimpla females locate their host at a distance by means of olfaction; on direct contact host form plays a part in releasing the insertion of the ovipositor.
    Notes: Résumé L'analyse expérimentale du comportement de la femelle de Pimpla instigator, hyménoptère parasite de chrysalide, précise les stimuli qui lui permettent de localiser son hôte. Pimpla possède une acuité sensorielle particulièrement efficace dans le processus de découverte de l'hôte. L'olfaction permet à cet hyménoptère parasite de percevoir l'hôte à distance. La forme, qui n'est perçue qu'après contact direct, joue un rôle déterminant pour déclencher l'acte de ponte. Ce critère forme n'est cependant pas indispensable puisqu'en son absence, Pimpla perçoit, grâce à son seul sens olfactif, la présence de l'hôte-chrysalide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335884
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Egg-laying strategy under natural conditions of Leptopilina boulardi, a hymenopteran parasitoid of Drosophila spp (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 43 (1987), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Leptopilina boulardi ; Cynipidae ; Hymenoptera ; parasitoid ; Drosophila ; Diptera ; field egg laying strategy ; functional response ; switching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le concept de réponse optimale d'un parasite vis-à-vis de l'hôte le plus favorable pour son développement demeure surtout théorique et n'a pu être vérifié que dans les conditions de laboratoire. Nous avons montré que Drosophila melanogaster s'avère être, par rapport à D. simulans, l'hôte le plus favorable pour le développement du cynipide parasite Leptopilina boulardi. Une étude sur le terrain a démontré que ce parasite présente une réponse fonctionnelle densité dépendante vis-à-vis de D. melanogaster et non vis-à-vis de D. simulans, avec un effet de bascule. D'autre part, il s'avère que ce parasite exploite beaucoup mieux son hôte, en évitant le superparasitisme, ceci étant démontré au laboratoire et dans la nature. Enfin, il apparaît qu'il est capable d'allonger sa période de ponte lorsque cet hôte est rare, ce qui ne se produit pas avec D. simulans.
    Notes: Abstract The hypothesis of optimal host species selection predicts that when a parasitoid has the choice between two host species, it will choose the species thay gives the best survival chances for its progeny. We confirmed this hypothesis by laboratory experiments with Leptopilina boulardi Barb. et al., a cynipid parasitoid which prefers Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (the host species most suitable for parasitoid survival) above D. simulans Sturt. As far as fitness parameters are concerned, the fertility of L. boulardi is higher with D. melanogaster; the egg laying can be spread out over a long period when this host is relatively scarce. This does not occur with D. simulans in which parasitic oviposition stops soon when this host is not abundant. Investigations of this foraging strategy were done under more complex natural conditions. We found that L. boulardi has a type III functional response with D. melanogaster only; furthermore, it seems that a switching effect may exist with this host. Parasitoid females appear to distribute their eggs more regularly on D. melanogaster, thus avoiding superparasitism. This seems to be independent of the relative frequency of this host. However, superparasitism of D. simulans did occur more frequently when this host was scarce.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301752
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diapause in a tropical species, Cothonaspis boulardi (Parasitic hymenoptera) (1980)
    Springer
    Oecologia 45 (1980), S. 32-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The strain of Cothonaspis boulardi originating from a field collection at Guadeloupe (16° lat. N-West Indies) exhibits a facultative diapause that occurs at the final larval instar. The diapause was induced by low temperature (17.5° C) and was inhibited at 25° C. Diapause was independent of photoperiod. The termination of diapause was hastened in about 10 days by exposing larvae to a temperature of 25° C. Although a succession of sufficient cold days for diapause occurs only rarely in the collection area (Petit-Bourg), at higher elevations within 20 km of Petit-Bourg conditions that could induce diapause occur annually.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346703
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Analysis of Deltamethrin Resistance in Laboratory-Selected Strains of Drosophila melanogaster MEIG
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology 50 (1994), S. 207-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-3575
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pest.1994.1073
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of fitness inDrosophila adults surviving parasitization by a cynipid wasp (1983)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 39 (1983), S. 231-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Drosophila adults emerging from larvae which successfully eliminated a parasite egg through the formation of a cellular melanotic capsule, were characterized by a decrease of their size and other biometrical traits and by an increase of the variability among individuals. Adults females also exhibited a significant reduction of offspring number due to lower oviposition rate and lower egg hatchability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01958917
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