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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Onychophora ; Peripatus ; Slime glands ; Proteic secretion ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans les glandes de la glu, formations propres aux Onychophores, les tubes sécréteurs comprennent un épithélium glandulaire entouré d'une enveloppe conjonctive et musculaire. L'enveloppe conjonctive, délimitée par des membranes basales de mucopolysaccharides neutres et de mucoprotéines, contient deux sortes de fibrilles: des fibrilles collagènes et un type particulier de fibrilles élastiques. Les fibres musculaires, éparses, d'orientation circulaire, montrent une organisation beaucoup plus rudimentaire que dans les muscles somatiques. L'épithélium glandulaire est formé de cellules prismatiques toutes semblables, à gros noyau polyploïde en position basale, avec nucléole très volumineux. L'ensemble du cytoplasme de ces cellules est chargé de ribonucléines sous forme d'ergastoplasme granulifère à citernes concentriques et de nombreux ribosomes libres. Les structures lamellaires concentriques de l'ergastoplasme, qui se différencient du côté basal, près des noyaux, s'accroissent dans la région médiane des cellules et se désorganisent à l'apex, en libérant des grandes quantités de ribosomes. La sécrétion de ces cellules est formée essentiellement de protéines qui s'accumulent dans la région apicale sans passer par l'appareil de Golgi, lequel est d'ailleurs peu développé. Ces protéines ne sont donc pas concentrées en granules de sécrétion, mais déchargées dans la cavité glandulaire, directement à l'état diffus, par l'intermédiaire d'épanchements cytoplasmiques de la face apicale cellulaire dans lesquels passent également de nombreux ribosomes libres. Polyploïdie, grand volume nucléolaire, hyperdéveloppement de l'ergastoplasme granulifère, abondance des ribosomes libres, non-intervention de l'appareil de Golgi et absence de concentration de la sécrétion en granules sont mis en relation avec la synthèse rapide et continue des protéines qui forment le principal constituant de la glu.
    Notes: Summary In the peculiar slime glands of the Onychophora, the secretory tubes consist of a glandular epithelium surrounded by a layer of connective and muscular tissue. The connective layer, bounded by basal membranes of neutral mucopolysaccharides and mucoproteins, contains two kinds of fibrils: collagenous fibrils and an especial type of elastic fibrils. The muscle fibers, which are scattered and circularly oriented, are more simply organized than those of the somatic muscles. The glandular epithelium is constituted by prismatic cells of the same type, with a large polyploid basally situated nucleus, containing a very large nucleolus. The cytoplasm of these cells is filled with ribonucleins in form of ergastoplasm and in numerous free ribosomes. Concentric lamellar structures of ergastoplasm, which originate basally close to the nucleus, are well developed in the central region of the cell and become disorganized at the apex, where they liberate great quantities of ribosomes. The secretion of these cells consists essentially of proteins, which accumulate in the apical region without passing through the poorly developed Golgi apparatus. These proteins, therefore, are not concentrated in secretory granules, rather they are released in a diffuse form, into the glandular cavity. They are discharged in cytoplasmic expansions detached from the apical region, together with a large quantity of free ribosomes. Polyploidy, large nucleolus, well developed granular ergastoplasm, abundance of free ribosomes, non-participation of the Golgi apparatus and lack of concentration in secretory granules are correlated with rapid and continuous synthesis of proteins which are the principal component of the slime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 195 (1988), S. 123-140 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The surface morphology of the anterior-to-posterior sequence of segment formation in embryos of a viviparous neotropical onychophoran and aspects of post-placental development seen using scanning electron microscopy are described. When all the segments have formed and the walking legs have completed their elongation, the body surface becomes covered with an embryonic cuticle that does not exhibit the hydrofuge properties seen in the adult cuticle. As soon as the walking legs have reached their full length, barbed projections are formed at their distal extremities. These projections are extensions of single cells and are covered by the embryonic cuticle. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the cells at the distal ends of the legs and their projections have many pinocytotic vesicles at their surfaces. The cytoplasm of these cells and their projections is rich in mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, glycogen, and granules of storage material. There are minor differences in the surface morphology of the projections found at the ends of the walking legs in embryos of Peripatus acacioi and those of Peripatus biolleyi. The projections and the embryonic cuticle persist thoughout postplacental development. The role of the projections in the uptake of material by the embryo from the uterus is discussed and the possible phylogenetic significance of these projections is suggested.
    Additional Material: 46 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 224 (1995), S. 179-198 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Female reproductive tracts of the viviparous neo-tropical onychophoran Peripatus acacioi have been examined at different times throughout the year, and the altering relationship between the developing embryo and the uterus is described. Depending on her age and time of year, the female may have one or two generations of embryos within her uterus. The uterine wall consists of a thin outer epithelium and basal lamina, three layers of muscles, and a thick basal lamina beneath an inner epithelium lining the uterus lumen. These layers are consistent along the length of the uterus apart from the inner epithelial lining, which varies according to position in the uterus and the developmental stage of embryos contained in the uterus. Early embryos are positioned along the length of the uterus and therefore have space in which to grow. During cleavage and segment formation, each embryo is contained within a fluid-filled embryo cavity that increases in size as the embryo grows. Morulae and blastulae are separated by lengths of empty uterus in which the epithelial lining appears vacuolated. Until the process of segment formation is complete, the embryos are attached to a placenta by a stalk and remain in the same part of the upper region of the uterus. As these embryos grow, the lengths of vacuolated cell-lined uterus between them decrease. Each embryo cavity is surrounded by the epithelial sac, the maternal uterine epithelium, which becomes overlaid by a thin layer of cells, the embryo sac, which is believed to be of embryonic origin. The placenta is a syncytial modification of the epithelial sac located at the ovarian end of each embryo cavity covered by the embryo sac and is analogous to the mammalian noninvasive epitheliochorial placenta. Segment-forming embryos have their heads directed toward the ovary. As the embryo gets longer during segment formation, its posture changes from coiled to flexed. Once segment formation is complete, the embryo loses contact with its stalk, an embryonic cuticle forms, and the embryo turns around so that its head is directed toward the vagina. The embryo escapes from its embryo sac and moves to the lower part of the uterus. In the lower part of the uterus, the straightened fetuses are first unpigmented but subsequently become pigmented as the secondary papillae on the body surface form and an adult-type cuticle forms beneath the embryonic cuticle. While the embryos are contained within their embryo cavities, nutrients are supplied by the placenta. Throughout development the mouth is open and in the mature fetus the gut is lined by peritrophic membrane and material is present in the gut lumen. Trachea have been observed only in fetuses that were ready for birth. Insemination, cyclical changes in the uterine epithelium, and the nature of the cuticle shed at parturition are discussed. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 33 Ill.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1971-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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