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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Five-year field comparison of naturally regenerated Pinus taeda L. to genetically improved container stock, with and without release (1994)
    Springer
    New forests 8 (1994), S. 123-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: glyphosate ; herbaceous weed control ; loblolly pine ; manual hardwood control ; sulfometuron methyl
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A field study compared genetically improved, container-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings to naturally established loblolly seedlings on a cutover pine site in southern Arkansas, USA. Pines on 50% of all plots were released from woody and herbaceous competition within a 61 cm radius of each tree stem. Woody competition was controlled by hand cutting for 5 consecutive years and herbaceous competition was controlled with herbicides (sulfometuron methyl and glyphosate) for 4 consecutive years. Competition control increased 5-year survival by 21–23% for natural and planted seedlings, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the two regeneration techniques. Five years after field establishment, planted pines averaged 85% more volume than naturally established pines. Nevertheless, greater volume gains (551–688%) were achieved within regeneration techniques, as a result of competition control, than were achieved between the two regeneration techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028189
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woody and herbaceous competition effects on the growth of naturally regenerated loblolly and shortleaf pines through 11 years (1997)
    Springer
    New forests 14 (1997), S. 107-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: even-aged management ; growth & yield ; herbaceous weed control ; Pinus echinata Mill. ; P. taeda L. ; woody plant control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Four levels of vegetative competition were used to quantify the growth of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill.) in naturally regenerated, even-aged stands on the Upper Coastal Plain of southeastern Arkansas, USA. Treatments included: (1) no competition control, (2) woody competition control, (3) herbaceous competition control, and (4) total control of nonpine vegetation. After pines became established from natural seeding, herbicides were used to control herbaceous plants for 4 consecutive years and woody plants for 5 consecutive years. Even though 89% of crop pines on untreated check plots were free-to-grow 11 years after establishment, crop pines on vegetation control plots were larger (P〈0.001) in mean dbh, total height, and volume per tree. From age 5 through 11 years, crop pine diameter growth increased on woody control plots and decreased on herbaceous control plots because of hardwood competition in the latter treatment. At age 11, crop pine volume production averaged 207 m3/ha on total control plots, 158 m3/ha on herbaceous control plots, 130 m3/ha on woody control plots, and 102 m3/ha on untreated check plots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006512721318
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viability of litter-stored Pinus taeda L. seeds after simulated prescribed winter burns (1998)
    Springer
    New forests 16 (1998), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: loblolly pine ; natural regeneration ; seed bank ; southeastern Arkansas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Stratified loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seeds were placed at three depths in a reconstructed forest floor and subjected to simulated prescribed winter burns. Within the forest floor, pine seeds were placed at the L/upper-F interface, upper-F/lower-F interface, and lower-F/mineral-soil interface. Wind was generated by electric box-fans. Seeds that survived the burns were transferred to moist sand flats for 30-day germination tests. About 96% of seeds placed at the two upper layers in the forest floor were either destroyed by the fires or failed to germinate. Germinative capacity of seeds placed at the lower-F/mineral-soil interface averaged 79% as compared to 97% for unburned control seeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006595319065
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Revisiting the relationship between common weather variables and loblolly–shortleaf pine seed crops in natural stands (2000)
    Springer
    New forests 19 (2000), S. 187-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Keywords: Coastal Plain sites ; Pinus echinata Mill. ; P. taeda L. ; precipitation ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Seed production was monitored during24 years using seed-collection traps inloblolly–shortleaf pine (Pinus taeda L.–P.echinata Mill.) stands located in southeast Arkansas,north-central Louisiana, and southwest Mississippi onthe southeastern Coastal Plain, USA. Sound seedproduction was correlated with mean monthlyprecipitation and temperature from National Oceanicand Atmospheric Administration weather stationslocated near the seed-collection areas to determinethe potential of weather factors in forecasting pineseed crops. Correlations were restricted to threecritical periods in the pine reproductive cycle –strobili primordia differentiation, pollination, andfertilization. The most important (P ≤ 0.05)variables correlated with pine seed production for combined locations were cumulative precipitation (r = +0.60) during July, August, and September at 27 to 25 months before seed dispersal and mean temperature (r = −0.45) in August at 26 months before seed dispersal. Because multiple environmental factors can negatively impact pine seed development during the two yearsfollowing strobili primordia differentiation,seed-production forecasts based on weather variablesshould be verified by on-site cone counts during thesummer preceding autumn seed dispersal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006624907975
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  • 5
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    Dispersal and viability of seeds from cones in tops of harvested loblolly pines (2001)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-02-01
    Description: Seed supply is one of the most important determinants of successful natural regeneration. We conducted a study to determine the potential contribution of cones in the tops of harvested loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) to the stand's seed supply if trees were felled after seed maturation but before dispersal. Closed cones, collected in October 1996, were stored in wire cages with periodic removals over 2 years to determine the number and viability of extracted seeds. Storage sites were an opening in a seed-tree stand and a closed-canopy pine-hardwood stand in southeastern Arkansas. Of the initial 83 viable seeds/cone, 73% had dispersed in the opening and 63% in the closed stand by March 1997, which is considered the end of the normal dispersal period from standing trees. By October 1997, only 1 viable seed/cone remained in the opening and 5 viable seeds/cone in the closed stand, indicating rather complete dispersal or mortality of seeds by the first summer after harvest. Results indicate that cones in tops of trees cut during the 2-month period after seed maturation and before substantial dispersal can make an important contribution to the stand's seed supply, especially in reproduction cutting methods where most of the trees are harvested.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 6
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    An 8-year field comparison of naturally seeded to planted container Pinustaeda, with and without release (1996)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-07-01
    Description: A field study compared genetically improved, container loblolly pines (Pinustaeda L.) with naturally seeded loblolly pines through eight growing seasons on a cutover site in southern Arkansas, U.S.A. Measurement pines on 6 of 12 plots were released from woody and herbaceous competition within a 61-cm radius of each tree stem. On natural pine plots, only 1st-year pine seedlings were selected for measurement based on quality standards and their spacing. Woody competition was controlled by hand cutting for 5 consecutive years, and herbaceous competition was controlled with herbicides for 4 consecutive years. Release treatments increased 8-year survival by 50% for natural pines and by 35% for planted pines. Greater gains (343–391%) in individual tree volumes were achieved within regeneration techniques, as a result of release, than were achieved with the two regeneration techniques. In addition, stand volume gains of 647% and 910% were achieved by planted and natural pines, respectively, as a result of release. Eight years after field establishment, stand volume index averaged 46% higher on planted plots than on natural plots. Degree of overtopping was a better predictor of pine performance than live-crown ratio.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 7
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    Loblolly and shortleaf pine seed viability through 21 months of field storage: Can carry-over occur between seed crops? (1997)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 8
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    Thirty-eight years of autogenic, woody understory dynamics in a mature, temperate pine–oak forest (1995)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-01
    Description: In 1935, 32 ha of a pine–hardwood forest were set aside from future timber management in southern Arkansas, U.S.A. Old-growth timber had been cut to a 36-cm stump diameter before 1915. Between 1952 and 1993, four inventories were made of the overstory and midstory components (number of live trees ≥9 cm in diameter breast height (DBH) taken at 1.37 m, by 2.54-cm DBH classes). Between 1954 and 1992, four corresponding inventories were made of the woody understory vegetation (〉15 cm tall but
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 9
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    Distinguishing features of loblolly and shortleaf pine seeds: implications for monitoring seed production in mixed stands (1996)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-11-01
    Description: Monitoring seed production in mixed loblolly pine–shortleaf pine (Pinustaeda L. and Pinusechinata Mill., respectively) stands may require identifying individual seeds by species. Although loblolly pine seeds are on average heavier and larger than those of shortleaf pine, there is considerable overlap in these properties for individual seeds. In this study the properties of six seed lots of each species from Arkansas and Louisiana were examined. Seed weight for loblolly pine averaged twice that of shortleaf pine, but seed length and width differed by only 13 and 27%, respectively. Seed-coat thickness was the most consistent difference observed between the two species: large shortleaf pine seeds had thinner seed coats than small loblolly seeds, but this property was slow and tedious to measure. By contrast, differences in seed-coat thickness were readily detected when conducting a cut test for seed soundness by subjectively assessing the force required to cut the seed. In a blind test, 12 evaluators estimated within ±10% of the known composition of 10-seed subsamples 86% of the time for the cut test compared with only 57% when using seed appearance alone; inexperienced evaluators were only slightly lower in accuracy than experienced ones. Use of the cut test as a subjective estimate of the force required to cut the seed appears to be reasonably accurate in distinguishing these two species for most purposes.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 10
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    Woody and herbaceous competition effects on stand dynamics and growth of 13-year-old natural, precommercially thinned loblolly and shortleaf pines (1999)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-01
    Description: Stand dynamics of naturally regenerated, even-aged, loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pines (P. echinata Mill.) were examined on the Upper Coastal Plain of southeastern Arkansas, U.S.A., following four levels of competition control. Treatments included a check (Ck) with no competition control, woody control (WC), herbaceous control (HC), and total control (TC) of nonpine vegetation. After pines became established from natural seeding, herbicides were used to control herbaceous plants for four consecutive years and woody plants for five consecutive years. At age five, 1235 crop pines/ha were retained and all noncrop pines 〉1.5 m tall were precommercially hand thinned. Although 93% of crop pines on Ck plots were judged free-to-grow 13 years after establishment, crop pines on vegetation control plots were larger (P [Formula: see text] 0.001) in mean diameter at breast height, total height, and volume per tree. From age 5 through 13 years, crop pine diameter growth increased on WC plots and decreased on HC plots because of hardwood competition in the latter treatment. At age 13, mean pine volume production was 48% greater (P 〈 0.01) on plots that received competition control than on Ck plots (160 m3·ha-1); TC resulted in 31% more (P 〈 0.01) volume (282 m3·ha-1) than the mean of WC and HC plots; and there was no difference (P = 0.15) between the latter two treatments.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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