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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New Culture Medium for Maintenance of Tsetse Tissues and Growth of Trypanosomatids (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 24 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. A new culture medium (SM), based on the amino-acid composition of tsetse hemolymph and containing fetal bovine serum, was designed for the maintenance of tsetse organs and the cultivation of various trypanosomatids. For optimum growth 20% (v/v) serum was required. The medium supported prolonged peristalsis of the alimentary tract and salivary glands of pre-emerged Glossina morsitans morsitans. In established cultures, derived from bloodstream forms of pleomorphic Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense strains, inocula of ∼ 106 procyclics/ml yielded 4–5 × 107 organisms/ml after 4 or 5 days of incubation at 28 C. Bloodstream forms of a cloned monomorphic T. b. brucei strain were also able to transform into procyclics, which, however, multiplied at a lower rate, with maximum yields of ∼ 2 × 107 after 5 days. Cultures of Trypanosoma congolense and of a nearly monomorphic Trypanosoma brucei gambiense strains could be established in SM medium only in the presence of tsetse alimentary tract. The procyclic trypomastigotes of these species, adapted to SM medium and able to grow in it without Glossina organs, gave maximum populations of ∼ 4.5 × 107 cells/ml.Promastigotes of Leishmania donovani, cultivated routinely in a diphasic Table's medium, multiplied actively upon being transferred into SM medium, producing yields of ∼ 4 × 107 cells/ml.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1977.tb00987.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infectivity of Trypanosoma rhodesiense Cultivated at 28°C with Various Tsetse Fly Tissues (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 33 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Metacyclic trypanosomes developed in populations of procyclic forms of four stocks of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense cultivated at 28°C in a liquid medium containing explants of tsetse fly head-salivary glands, alimentary tract, abdominal body wall, or thoracic muscle. The cultures became infective for mice 7–16 days after they were prepared, and infective trypanosomes were present for prolonged periods. In the culture series of stock TRUM 545, infectivity persisted for 138 days when the cultures were terminated. Only one explant of thoracic muscle tissue was required for the production of metacyclic stages in stock TRUM 497 cultures. Infectivity titrations on trypanosome suspensions from cultures of stocks TRUM 497, TRUM 545, and TRUM 567 revealed that only a small proportion of the culture population was infective. Using stock TRUM 530, mice were infected consistently from inoculations of trypanosomes grown in the presence of explants; infectivity of the trypanosomes ceased when the explants were removed from the flasks, but reappeared when they were returned to the cultures. Parasites grown in medium “conditioned” by explants produced sporadic infections in mice. The control cultures of trypanosomes grown in medium alone were generally not infective, but two of the stocks produced occasional parasitemias. Stained samples of infective inocula contained a few epimastigote-like and metacyclic-like trypanosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1986.tb05596.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the Development of Metacyclic Trypanosoma brucei sspp. Cultivated at 27°C with Insect Cell Lines (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 34 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: When transformed procyclic trypanosomes of three stocks of Trypanosoma brucei brucei and one stock of T. b. rhodesiense were grown at 27°C in 25-cm2 flasks containing Anopheles gambiae cells, some of them developed into forms infective for mice. Infectivity titrations on trypanosome suspensions revealed that up to 2.8 × 105 metacyclic forms per ml could be produced, and the cultures remained infective for varying periods of up to 72 days when they were terminated. Of the various culture media tested, a mixture of three volumes of trypanosome medium and one volume of Anopheles medium was the most successful. Control cultures of trypanosomes grown in medium without cells were generally not infective, but two of the stocks gave rise to a few sporadic infections. Trypanosome populations could be subpassaged in the Anopheles cell cultures without loss of infectivity. Metacyclic forms separated from infective cultures by DEAE-cellulose columns had a surface coat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1987.tb03195.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Infectivity of Trypanosoma brucei Cultivated at 28 C with Tsetse Fly Salivary Glands (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 26 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS. When transformed procyclic noninfective trypanosomes of several unrelated stocks of Trypanosoma brucei were cultivated in T-30 Falcon flasks at 28 C in a liquid medium containing head-salivary gland explants of Glossina morsitans morsitans some of the organisms developed into forms infective for mice. Infective trypanosomes were detected 7 to 14 days after the cultures were prepared and they persisted for varying periods of up to 88 days when the cultures were terminated. A few of the salivary glands became invaded with parasites about the time infective organisms appeared in the cultures. Using T. brucei TREU 929, it was shown that trypanosomes grown with between 27 and 50 explants were capable of producing infections consistently for prolonged periods. On the other hand, trypanosomes cultivated with 25 or fewer explants rarely infected mice. Infectivity titrations on trypanosome suspensions from cultures of stocks TREU 1275 and TREU 929 revealed that the maximum number of infective organisms was present 26 to 50 days after initiation of the cultures. Control cultures of trypanosomes grown in medium alone were generally not infective but 2 of the 6 stocks gave rise to a few sporadic infections. A few epimastigote-like and metacyclic-like trypanosomes were seen in stained preparations of infective inocula.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1979.tb04649.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Separation and Structure of Infective Trypanosomes From Cultures of Trypanosoma Brucei Grown In Association With Tsetse Fly Salivary Glands (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 27 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Infective trypanosomes developed when Trypanosoma brucei was cultivated at 28 C in a liquid medium containing tsetse fly head-salivary gland explants. They were separated from the noninfective culture forms using DEAE-cellulose column chromatog-raphy. It was demonstrated by light and electron microscopy that the separated organisms were morphologically similar to metacyclic stages found in a tsetse fly and that they had a characteristic surface coat. Single metacyclic trypanosomes isolated from the cultures gave rise to infections in mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1980.tb04677.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the Antigenic Composition of Trypanosoma brucei brucei Bloodstream and Culture Forms by the Quantitative Direct Fluorescent Antibody Methods (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 25 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SYNOPSIS The quantitative direct fluorescent antibody (QDFA) methods were employed for the antigenic analysis of bloodstream forms and culture procyclics of 2 variants, TRUM (Trypanosome Research University of Massachusetts) 106 and TRUM 107, of Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Intact and trypsinized trypanosomes were studied. It was demonstrated that: (A) The specific variant antigens are localized in the surface coat of bloodstream trypomastigotes. (B) In addition to the common antigens shared by bloodstream forms and culture procyclics, there are also certain antigens unique to these latter stages. (C) Still another group of antigens. not found in the culture procyclics, appears to be shared by the bloodstream forms, irrespective of their variant-specific antigens. These antigens may be present in part in the coat or on the cell membrane and in part within the cytoplasm. (D) Irrespective of the bloodstream-form variant from which they are derived, the procyclics are antigenically the same. The QDFA results are analyzed statistically and discussed in the light of the available literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1978.tb04406.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of a turbidimetric method for quantitatively estimating cell aggregation (1967)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 23 (1967), S. 693-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Une technique a été établie pour estimer quantitativement l'aggrégation des cellules des tissus dissociés par une méthode turbidimétrique. Des fibroblastes de l'embryon de poulet ont été mis en rotation sur un absorbtiomètre. Pendant l'aggrégation des cellules vivantes, on observe une diminution de la densité optique de la suspension mésurée par un galvanomètre.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02144207
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of polyclonal anti-procyclic antibodies on development ofTrypanosoma brucei brucei in tsetse flies (1991)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 77 (1991), S. 39-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Results obtained in experiments testing the efficacy of anti-procyclic-form rabbit sera on the development of homologous and heterologous stocks ofTrypanosoma brucei brucei inGlossina morsitans morsitans indicated that this development was affected little, or not at all, by such sera. The absence of effect of antiprocyclic stage antibodies can be explained by the failure to detect by either direct or indirect fluorescent antibody methods the presence of antibodies acquired in vivo by either the nidgut procyclic forms or by uncoated salivary gland forms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00934382
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigenic analysis by agglutination ofTrypanosoma brucei brucei parasitemias initiated in mice with in vitro-produced metacyclics (1979)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 58 (1979), S. 141-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Trypanosomes from 14 first-peak parasitemias initiated in mice by injection of in vitro-produced metacyclics were stabilated. Strains derived from these stabilates were analyzed for their antigenic composition by cross-agglutination with immune sera produced in rabbits against 12 of the stabilates. The antigenic composition of the 14 stabilates was compared also with two first-peak parasitemias from mice inoculated with fly-derived metacyclics, the variant-specific antigen of the strain used to initiate the cultures that ultimately became infective, and the antigenic variant that was used to infect the flies. One variant-specific, presumably basic, antigen was found, either as the predominant (nine parasitemias) or as a minor (seven parasitemias) antigen, in all first peak-parasitemia strains initiated with culture- or fly-derived metacyclics; it was absent, however, from the strains (not first-peak parasitemias) used to start the cultures or to infect the flies. Only one of the first-peak parasitemias appeared to have the basic antigen alone. The remaining parasitemia populations seemed to have from about two to six antigens, some of which were common to culture- and fly-derived infections. There was very little, if any, antigenic relationship between the foregoing populations and the strains employed for initiation of cultures or for infection of flies. It is evident from the results that much antigenic similarity exists between the culture- and tsetse fly-derived first-peak parasitemias.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951338
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  • 10
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    Analysis of a turbidimetric method for quantitatively estimating cell aggregation (1967)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1967-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0014-4754
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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