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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of the Mitochondrial Genome in the Chrysophyte Alga Ochromonas danica (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 38 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Analysis of total DNA isolated from the Chrysophyte alga Ochromonas danica revealed, in addition to nuclear DNA, two genomes present as numerous copies per cell. The larger genome (˜120 kilobase pairs or kbp) is the plastid DNA, which is identified by its hybridization to plasmids containing sequences for the photosynthesis genes rbcL, psbA, and psbC. The smaller genome (40 kbp) is the mitochondrial genome as identified by its hybridization with plasmids containing gene sequences of plant cytochrome oxidase subunits I and II. Both the 120- and 40-kbp genomes contain genes for the small and large subunits of rDNA. The mitochondrial genome is linear with terminal inverted repeats of about 1.6 kbp. Two other morphologically similar species were examined, Ochromonas minuta and Poteriochromonas malhamensis. All three species have linear mitochondrial DNA of 40 kbp. Comparisons of endonuclease restriction-fragment patterns of the mitochondrial and chloroplast DNAs as well as those of their nuclear rDNA repeats failed to reveal any fragment shared by any two of the species. Likewise, no common fragment size was detected by hybridization with plasmids containing heterologous DNA or with total mitochondrial DNA of O. danica; these observations support the taxonomic assignment of these three organisms to different species. The Ochromonas mitochondrial genomes are the first identified in the chlorophyll a/c group of algae. Combining these results with electron microscopic observations of putative mitochondrial genomes reported for other chromophytes and published molecular studies of other algal groups suggests that all classes of eukaryote algae may have mitochondrial genomes 〈 100 kbp in size, more like other protistans than land plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1991.tb06032.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paramecium aurelia revisited (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 52 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A major running battle was fought in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s in the continuing war between advocates of biological species versus taxonomic (morphological) species. The subject was the taxonomic treatment of Paramecium aurelia. At that time, proponents of the newly accredited concept of a biological species (Mayr 1948) demanded that the 16 sexually isolated syngens of Paramecium aurelia be named as separate species. T. M. Sonneborn, who was largely responsible for the mating studies revealing the presence of multiple syngens (isolated mating groups) within the morphologically uniform P. aurelia, felt that species descriptions requiring biochemistry or cell culture for identification were impractical. Finally, in 1975, he capitulated, describing P. primaurelia, P. biaurelia, etc., on isozyme and mating affinity criteria. P. aurelia is not the only taxonomic species encompassing multiple cryptic species. The appropriate taxonomic solution is still moot, but we have obtained DNA sequence data now that reveal the relationships among the P. aurelia syngens, and that can be used to compare with similar cases, both in ciliates and in the microalgae, as well as plants and animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.05202003_1_17.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear Transfer from Parasite to Host (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 503 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb40626.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plastid inheritance in Oenothera: paternal input may influence transmission patterns (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 17 (1990), S. 327-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Oenothera ; DAPI ; Plastid DNA ; Plastid transmission
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Prior genetic analysis of Oenothera to assess the mechanism(s) controlling differential (biparental) plastid transmission patterns have indicated that the plastome plays an integral role. However, the influence of putative variation in paternal plastid input remains unclear. Pollen collected from Oenothera hookeri plants containing one of four different plastome types (I–IV) in a constant nuclear background (A1A1) was examined cytologically by DAPI/ epifluorescence microscopy. The number of plastid DNA aggregates per pollen generative cell was found to differ significantly. Plants containing plastome types I or II displayed an average of about ten plastid DNA aggregates per generative cell whereas plants containing types III or IV displayed, on average, 15 plastid DNA aggregates. The potential paternal plastid contribution to the egg cell at syngamy (III=IV〉I=II) differs from the previously determined survival frequencies of the same four plastid types (I〉III〉II〉IV) progeny.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00314880
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Red algal plasmids (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 18 (1990), S. 557-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Biotechnology ; DNA sequence ; Plasmid ; Rhodophyta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Five of 21 red algal genera were found to contain circular dsDNA plasmids, typically of two or more sizes per species. Clones of the two plasmids (GL4.4 and GL3.5 kbp), characterizing all isolates of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, do not cross-hybridize with each other, with the nuclear, plastid or mitochondrial genomes of G. lemaneiformis, or with any DNA genomes of the other red algae examined. Clones of both plasmids hybridized with discrete bands on Northern blots of total RNA and poly(A)+ RNA. Sequencing of the G. lemaneiformis 3.5 kbp plasmid revealed two potential open reading frames which, when used to probe Northern blots, confirmed the presence of specific transcripts. These autonomously replicating plasmids are present in high copy number per cell and in constant proportion to each other. Their constancy suggests a function of significance to the species. Red algal plasmids may provide useful vectors for transforming economically important red algal species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00327028
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plastid DNA is not detectable in the male gametes and pollen tubes of an angiosperm (Antirrhinum majus) that is maternal for plastid inheritance (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 17 (1990), S. 439-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Antirrhinum ; Medicago ; Plastid inheritance ; Pollen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Prior cytological observations using DAPI/epifluorescence microscopy have suggested that the method could be used to rapidly screen plant species for their potential mode of plastid DNA transmission. Cytoplasmic DAPI-DNA aggregates were observed in generative cells of germinated pollen of Medicago sativa (alfalfa), a species known genetically to display biparental transmission, but not in Antirrhinum majus (snapdragon), a species known to be maternal for plastid transmission. If, as suggested, these aggregates are plastid DNA nucleoids, then M. sativa pollen should contain plastid DNA detectable by molecular biology methods and A. majus pollen should not. Total DNA was isolated from germinated pollen and analyzed by Southern blot hybridization. A clone containing part of the rbcL gene from the garden pea plastome was used as a probe for plastid DNA. This probe hybridized with a restriction fragment from M. sativa pollen DNA, but not detectably with A. majus pollen DNA, thereby corroborating the identification of the cytoplasmic DAPI-DNA aggregates in M. sativa pollen as plastid DNA, and confirming the cytologically determined absence of plastic DNA in A. majus pollen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334525
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultivar variability for the presence of plastid DNA in pollen of Pisum sativum L.: implications for plastid transmission (1989)
    Springer
    Current genetics 16 (1989), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Pisum ; Pollen ; Plastid DNA ; Plastid inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mode of plastid transmission in the garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) was analyzed cytologically using the DNA-fluorochrome 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) in conjunction with epifluorescence microscopy. The reproductive cells of mature pollen obtained from 12 inbred lines and cv “Early Alaska” were examined for the presence or absence of DAPI-stained plastid DNA aggregates. Plastid DNA was detected in all 13 pea lines examined, although there was variability with regard to the percentage of pollen graines showing plastid DNA aggregates of generative cells (ranging from 3% in accession 82-12r to 65% in accession 82-14n). These cytological results may indicate genetic variability for plastic DNA inheritance in the garden pea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411083
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plastid inheritance in Pisum sativum L. (1990)
    Springer
    Current genetics 18 (1990), S. 477-480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Plastid inheritance ; Plastid DNA ; Pisum ; RFLPs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cultivar variability for levels of plastid DNA (cpDNA) in the germ cell line of germinated pea pollen has suggested the possibility of biparental plastid transmission. In order to examine this possibility further, RFLP markers were used to follow the transmission of cpDNA from parents to their F1 offspring. Results from these inheritance studies clearly indicate the presence of only maternal plastid markers in the F1 progeny of each cross examined, irrespective of the pollen cpDNA levels of the paternal parent. The same result is obtained for F1 progeny produced from crosses using pollen characterized by comparatively high cpDNA content, even when offspring are sampled at early developmental stages. Thus, there appears to be little correspondence between pollen cytological data indicating potential paternal plastid transmission and data from molecular marker studies confirming that P. sativum generally follows a uni-parental-maternal mode of plastid inheritance. Insufficient F1 progeny were examined to exclude instances of trace biparentalism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00309920
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 Exhibits a Common Secondary Structure in Green Algae and Flowering Plants (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 44 (1997), S. 258 -271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Angiosperms —Chlamydomonas— Ribosomal RNA — RNA secondary structure — Transcribed spacer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS-2) regions of the nuclear rDNA repeats from 111 organisms of the family Volvocaceae (Chlorophyta) and unicellular organisms of the Volvocales, including Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, were determined. The use of thermodynamic energy optimization to generate secondary structures and phylogenetic comparative analysis of the spacer regions revealed a common secondary structure that is conserved despite wide intra- and interfamilial primary sequence divergence. The existence of this conserved higher-order structure is supported by the presence of numerous compensating basepair changes as well as by an evolutionary history of insertions and deletions that nevertheless maintains major aspects of the overall structure. Furthermore, this general structure is preserved across broad phylogenetic lines, as it is observed in the ITS-2s of other chlorophytes, including flowering plants; previous reports of common ITS-2 secondary structures in other eukaryotes were restricted to the order level. The reported ITS-2 structure possesses important conserved structural motifs which may help to mediate cleavages in the ITS-2 that occur during rRNA transcript processing. Their recognition can guide further studies of eukaryotic rRNA processing, and their application to sequence alignments may contribute significantly to the value of ITS-2 sequences in phylogenetic analyses at several taxonomic levels, but particularly in characterizing populations and species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006143
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ribosomal DNA ITS-1 and ITS-2 Sequence Comparisons as a Tool for Predicting Genetic Relatedness (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 45 (1997), S. 168 -177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words:Chlamydomonas— Ribosomal RNA-transcribed spacer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The determination of the secondary structure of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions separating nuclear ribosomal RNA genes of Chlorophytes has improved the fidelity of alignment of nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences from related organisms. Application of this information to sequences from green algae and plants suggested that a subset of the ITS-2 positions is relatively conserved. Organisms that can mate are identical at all of these 116 positions, or differ by at most, one nucleotide change. Here we sequenced and compared the ITS-1 and ITS-2 of 40 green flagellates in search of the nearest relative to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The analysis clearly revealed one unique candidate, C. incerta. Several ancillary benefits of the analysis included the identification of mislabelled cultures, the resolution of confusion concerning C. smithii, the discovery of misidentified sequences in GenBank derived from a green algal contaminant, and an overview of evolutionary relationships among the Volvocales, which is congruent with that derived from rDNA gene sequence comparisons but improves upon its resolution. The study further delineates the taxonomic level at which ITS sequences, in comparison to ribosomal gene sequences, are most useful in systematic and other studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006217
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