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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 74 (1985), S. 61-76 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract Harzburgite and dunite from the Oman ophiolite display a strong olivine fabric and microstructures typical for high temperature mantle deformation. The syntectonic, magmatically formed, chromitites occurring throughout the mantle sequence vary from almost undeformed (resembling chromitite from stratiform complexes) to highly deformed. Usually the interstitial silicates in the deformed ore possess a fabric similar to those of the host rocks, whereas a weak or poikilitic fabric is observed on relatively undeformed deposits. Chromite grains are elongated and flattened, defining strong foliations and lineations, in disseminated ore, and pull-apart-like structures perpendicular to the lineation form in the coarser massive ore. No preferred crystallographic orientation of chromite has been detected with the X-ray-texture goniometer, and it is proposed that chromite mainly deforms by passive rotation in the weaker silicate matrix, cataclasis and diffusion creep.
    Abstract: Résumé Les dunites et harzburgites du complexe ophiolitique d'Oman présentent une forte fabrique de l'olivine et des microstructures typiques de déformations mantelliques de haute température. Les chromitites, d'origine magmatique syntectomque, qui se trouvent le long de la séquence mantellique varient entre des termes presque non déformés (ressemblant aux chromitites des complexes stratiformes) jusqu'à des termes très déformés. Les silicates interstitiels du minerai déformé présentent fréquemment une fabrique semblable à celle des minéraux de la roche hôte alors que l'on observe une fabrique peu développée ou bien une texture poecilitique dans les minerais des gisements relativement peu déformés. Les cristaux de chromite sont allongés et aplatis, définissant une foliation et une linéation très marquées dans les minerais disséminés; des structures d'étirement (pull-apart) perpendiculaires à la linéation apparaissent dans les minerais plus massifs. Aucune orientation cristallographique préferentielle n'a pu être mise en évidence au goniomètre de texture; on propose donc que la chromite se déforme principalement par rotation passive dans une matrice silicatée plus fragile, par cataclase et par fluage-diffusion.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Dunite und Harzburgite, die im Ophiolit des Oman auftreten, zeigen ein Olivingefüge und Mikrostrukturen, die typisch sind für Manteldeformationen bei hohen Temperaturen. Die syntektonischen, magmatisch gebildeten Chromitite sind über die gesamte Abfolge der Mantelgesteine zu finden. Das Ausmaß der Deformation der Chromitite reicht von gering bis stark. Fast undeformierte Chromitite gleichen denen stratiformer Komplexe. Im deformierten Erz zeigen die in Zwickeln auftretenden Silikatminerale im allgemeinen ein ähnliches Gefüge wie das Wirtsgestein; in relativ undeformierten Vorkommen zeigen sie ein schwaches oder poikilitisches Gefüge. Die Chromitkörner haben einen plattigen Habitus und bilden im Sprenkelerz ein deutliches Flächen- und Lineargefüge. Im grobkörnigen Derberz entstehen hingegen Dehnungsstrukturen (pull-apart textures) senkrecht zur Lineation. Röntgentexturgoniometrische Untersuchungen ergaben keine Regelung des Chromits, und es wird daher angenommen, daß der Chromit aufgrund passiver Rotation in der schwächeren Silikatmatrix deformiert wurde, weiterhin kommen auch Kataklase und Diffusionsmechanismen in Frage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
  • 3
    Publication Date: 1986-01-01
    Description: Large elongated euhedral olivines, resembling olivines appearing in crescumulates, from dunite bodies of ophiolite mantle sequences have been subjected to a detailed structural and fabric study. Localities from the Semail Ophiolite, Oman and the Vourinos Complex, Greece are described. The studies indicate that the regional mantle flow structures control the shape and crystallographic orientation of the large euhedral olivines, which are elongated parallel to [001] and flattened parallel to (100) due to syntectonic high temperature metamorphic growth. The growth is controlled by the deformation such that grains oriented unsuitable for slip are growing whereas grains with other orientations are selectively deformed. This being so there may be more than one interpretation of crescumulate textures developed in environments that have suffered a penetrative deformation.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7568
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5081
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0435-4052
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4722
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1985-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-7835
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1149
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1999-01-01
    Description: Widespread oil seepage and staining are observed in lavas and hyaloclastites in the lower part of the volcanic succession on northwestern Disko and western Nuussuaq, central West Greenland. Chemical analyses suggest the existence of several petroleum systems in the underlying Cretaceous and Paleocene fluvio–deltaic to marine sediments. Seepage and staining commonly occur within vesicular lava flow tops, and are often associated with mineral veins (mostly carbonates) in major fracture systems.Organic geochemical analyses suggest the existence of at least five distinct oil types: (1) a waxy oil which, on the basis of the presence of abundant angiosperm biological markers, is interpreted as generated from Paleocene mudstones (the ‘Marraat type’); (2) a waxy oil, probably generated from coals and shales of the Cretaceous Atane Formation (the ‘Kuugannguaq type’); (3) a low to moderately waxy oil containing 28,30-bisnorhopane, and abundant C27-diasteranes and regular steranes (the ‘Itilli type’), possibly generated from presently unknown Cenomanian–Turonian marine mudstones; (4) a low wax oil of marine, possibly lagoonal/saline lacustrine origin, containing ring-A methylated steranes and a previously unknown series of extended 28-norhopanes (the ‘Eqalulik type’); (5) a waxy oil with biological marker characteristics different from both the Kuugannguaq and Marraat oil types (the ‘Niaqornaarsuk type’), probably generated from Campanian mudstones.The presence of widespread seepage and staining originating from several source rocks is encouraging for exploration in basins both on- and offshore western Greenland, where the existence of prolific source rocks has previously been the main exploration risk.
    Electronic ISSN: 2047-9921
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1993-01-01
    Description: The development of the continental margin of West Greenland is closely related to the processes that led to the opening of the Labrador Sea. The opening of the Labrador Sea began in the Early Paleocene (anomaly 27N), and not in the Late Cretaceous as previously supposed. Modelling of magnetic data and new interpretation of seismic data indicate that a large area previously regarded as underlain by oceanic crust is in fact underlain by block-faulted continental crust overlain by syn- and post-rift sedimentary sequences. The ocean–continent transition is now placed 100–150 km southwest of the foot of the continental slope instead of at the foot of this slope. Rifting in the Labrador Sea area began, however, in the Early Cretaceous. The earliest sediments are the syn-rift lower and upper members of the Bjarni Formation on the Labrador shelf and their likely equivalents, the pre- to syn-rift Kitsissut and Appat sequences on the Greenland margin. The age of these units is Barremian (or older) to Albian. The units are overlain by widespread mudstone-dominated units, the Markland Formation of the Labrador shelf and the Kangeq Sequence on the Greenland margin. The former is Cenomanian–Danian in age. By analogy the base of the Kangeq Sequence is probably Cenomanian (or Turonian), while the top is known from well ties to be at the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary. Rifting was subdued during deposition of these mudstone units. Rifting was renewed in the Early Paleocene, and mudstones, siltstones and very fine sandstones were deposited. With the initiation of sea-floor spreading there was considerable igneous activity at the ocean–continent transition, as well as in the onshore area where picrites followed by plagioclase-porphyritic basalts were erupted. After the end of the Paleocene there was little rifting in the region, but compressional structures were formed locally as a response to transpression related to strike-slip movements that transferred plate motion from the Labrador Sea to Baffin Bay. A marked Early Oligocene unconformity separates the syn-drift Paleocene–Eocene succession from the post-drift middle Oligocene–Quaternary sediments. Sediments deposited since the Paleocene are dominated by sands. The main hydrocarbon play types offshore West Greenland are related to tilted fault blocks. Source rocks are anticipated near the base of the Kangeq Sequence, which is also the seal, and reservoirs are sandstones in the Appat and Kitsissut sequences. These two sequences were not reached by any of the exploration wells drilled in the 1970s.
    Electronic ISSN: 2047-9921
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1993-01-01
    Description: A series of Late Paleozoic–Mesozoic basins, which formed as the result of rifting between Greenland and Norway following the Caledonian orogeny, are exposed in East Greenland between 70° and 76°N. The Paleozoic part of the sedimentary basin fill has a cumulative thickness of up to 13 km.The region seems prospective but exploration is still at an early stage without exploration wells. Basic petroleum-related studies of outcrops have been carried out throughout the region, and 1800 km of high-quality multi-fold seismic data have been acquired in Jameson Land between 70° and 72°N.A number of pre-, syn- and post-rift play types are suggested on the basis of inferred source and reservoir rock distribution as well as structural and thermal history. Some of the play concepts have been identified in outcrop, others have been recognized during the seismic interpretation.The principal Upper Paleozoic source rocks include Upper Devonian shales (freshwater), Upper Carboniferous lacustrine shales (freshwater to slightly saline), and Upper Permian marine shales (some carbonate influence). The main reservoir facies are fluvial sandstones in the Upper Devonian to Lower Permian succession and Upper Permian platform and build-up carbonates.Syn-rift Carboniferous plays (mainly structural) and post-rift Upper Permian carbonate plays (essentially stratigraphic) seem most promising. The syn-rift plays have lacustrine shales as source rocks, fluvial Carboniferous to Lower Permian sandstones as reservoirs, and overlying fluvial/lacustrine shales as seal. The post-rift Upper Permian plays have carbonate build-ups and platforms as reservoir targets and the juxtaposed marine shales as source rock and seal.
    Electronic ISSN: 2047-9921
    Topics: Geosciences
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