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  • 1
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    Organic printed photonics: From microring lasers to integrated circuits (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-20
    Description: A photonic integrated circuit (PIC) is the optical analogy of an electronic loop in which photons are signal carriers with high transport speed and parallel processing capability. Besides the most frequently demonstrated silicon-based circuits, PICs require a variety of materials for light generation, processing, modulation, and detection. With their diversity and flexibility, organic molecular materials provide an alternative platform for photonics; however, the versatile fabrication of organic integrated circuits with the desired photonic performance remains a big challenge. The rapid development of flexible electronics has shown that a solution printing technique has considerable potential for the large-scale fabrication and integration of microsized/nanosized devices. We propose the idea of soft photonics and demonstrate the function-directed fabrication of high-quality organic photonic devices and circuits. We prepared size-tunable and reproducible polymer microring resonators on a wafer-scale transparent and flexible chip using a solution printing technique. The printed optical resonator showed a quality ( Q ) factor higher than 4 x 10 5 , which is comparable to that of silicon-based resonators. The high material compatibility of this printed photonic chip enabled us to realize low-threshold microlasers by doping organic functional molecules into a typical photonic device. On an identical chip, this construction strategy allowed us to design a complex assembly of one-dimensional waveguide and resonator components for light signal filtering and optical storage toward the large-scale on-chip integration of microscopic photonic units. Thus, we have developed a scheme for soft photonic integration that may motivate further studies on organic photonic materials and devices.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Dual-color single-mode lasing in axially coupled organic nanowire resonators (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-15
    Description: Miniaturized lasers with multicolor output and high spectral purity are of crucial importance for yielding more compact and more versatile photonic devices. However, multicolor lasers usually operate in multimode, which largely restricts their practical applications due to the lack of an effective mode selection mechanism that is simultaneously applicable to multiple wavebands. We propose a mutual mode selection strategy to realize dual-color single-mode lasing in axially coupled cavities constructed from two distinct organic self-assembled single-crystal nanowires. The unique mode selection mechanism in the heterogeneously coupled nanowires was elucidated experimentally and theoretically. With each individual nanowire functioning as both the laser source and the mode filter for the other nanowire, dual-color single-mode lasing was successfully achieved in the axially coupled heterogeneous nanowire resonators. Furthermore, the heterogeneously coupled resonators provided multiple nanoscale output ports for delivering coherent signals with different colors, which could greatly contribute to increasing the integration level of functional photonic devices. These results advance the fundamental understanding of the lasing modulation in coupled cavity systems and offer a promising route to building multifunctional nanoscale lasers for high-level practical photonic integrations.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    F-box protein Fbxl18 mediates polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of the pro-apoptotic SCF subunit Fbxl7 (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2015-02-06
    Description: F-box protein Fbxl18 mediates polyubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of the pro-apoptotic SCF subunit Fbxl7 Cell Death and Disease 6, e1630 (February 2015). doi:10.1038/cddis.2014.585 Authors: Y Liu, T Lear, Y Zhao, J Zhao, C Zou, B B Chen & R K Mallampalli
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 4
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    A clear example using multiples to enhance and improve imaging: Comparison of two imaging conditions relevant to this analysis (2015)
    Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-07
    Description: A one-dimensional (1D) prestack example is used to examine the use of multiples to obtain an approximate image of an unrecorded primary by using the space-and-time coincidence of upgoing and downgoing waves (Claerbout's imaging condition II). The result shows that the image of an unrecorded primary (extracted from a recorded multiple) can be used to augment and enhance subsurface imaging from recorded primaries when there is inadequate or insufficient acquisition of primaries. Imaging results are examined and analyzed from two different and classic imaging conditions: (1) the predicted coincident-source-and-receiver experiment at depth, at time equals zero (Claerbout's imaging condition III), and (2) Claerbout's imaging condition II. The result of that comparison represents the advantages of Claerbout's imaging condition III over Claerbout's imaging condition II in terms of image definitiveness and amplitude analysis. However, an adaptation that is motivated and inspired by Claerbout's imaging condition II can be used to improve imaging results by providing an approximate image of an unrecorded primary subevent of a recorded multiple. A clear example is provided of that method and the added value for imaging that it can represent.
    Print ISSN: 1070-485X
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-3789
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
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  • 5
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    Preparation and Performance of a Novel Water-Soluble Cationic Polymer Containing β-Cyclodextrin (2011)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2011-10-07
    Description: Allyl-β-cyclodextrin is utilized to react with dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and acrylamide to synthesize a novel water-soluble cationic polymer by redox free-radical polymerization. The optimum polymerization conditions are determined by the single-variable method, while the structure is characterized by Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy. In rheological experiments the polymer demonstrates superior properties compared to polyacrylamide. Interfacial tension and adsorption experiments prove the excellent performance of the polymer which can effectively decrease the interfacial tension and reduce the surfactant loss caused by stratum absorption in the process of polymer/surfactant flooding, thus indicating the potential application of the polymer for enhancing oil recovery. A novel water-soluble cationic polymer containing β-cyclodextrin was synthesized by redox free-radical polymerization. The new polymer exhibited better rheological properties than polyacrylamide and was able to decrease interfacial tension and effectively reduce the surfactant loss caused by stratum adsorption. These advantages indicate great potential applications in enhancing oil recovery.
    Print ISSN: 0930-7516
    Electronic ISSN: 1521-4125
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    {beta}-Tin structure calcium at high pressure [Physics] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-10-10
    Description: Using synchrotron high-pressure X-ray diffraction at cryogenic temperatures, we have established the phase diagram for calcium up to 110 GPa and 5–300 K. We discovered the long-sought for theoretically predicted β-tin structured calcium with I41/amd symmetry at 35 GPa in a s mall low-temperature range below 10 K, thus resolving the enigma of absence...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Evidence of Pore‐ and Fracture‐Filling Gas Hydrates from Geophysical Logs in Consolidated Rocks of the Muli Area, Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Permafrost, China (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Natural gas hydrates were discovered in the Muli area of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau permafrost, which is an area of alpine permafrost in the midlatitudes. Resistivity models were employed to understand the distribution and accumulation mechanism of gas hydrates in the Muli area, as these models are suitable for use in detecting the presence and amount of pore‐ and fracture‐filling gas hydrates in consolidated rocks, and geophysical logs were used to constrain gas hydrate saturation. The results show that resistivity logs are sensitive to gas hydrate saturation in consolidated rocks in the Muli area. Geophysical log analysis enabled the discovery of eleven pore‐filling gas hydrate reservoirs (total thickness: 21.95 m) and nine fracture‐filling gas hydrate reservoirs (total thickness: 90.55 m). It is hypothesized that gas accumulation is more likely to occur in fractures within mudstones due to good permeability and sealing properties and that fracture‐filling gas hydrates are more likely to occur than pore‐filling gas hydrates. Poor preservation conditions may thus be the key factor in the absence of gas hydrates in the eastern part of the study area. Evidence from geophysical logs shows that the upper boundary of the gas hydrate stability zone in the Muli area is at a depth of 133.25 m and that the lower boundary is deeper than 400 m. The results of this study are useful for further gas hydrate exploration in alpine permafrost at the midlatitudes.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9313
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9356
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 8
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    Tracing migration pathways by integrated geological, geophysical, and geochemical data: A case study from the JX1-1 oil field, Bohai Bay Basin, China (2014)
    American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-27
    Description: Tracing petroleum migration pathways is essential for predicting petroleum occurrence and reducing exploration risks associated with hydrocarbon charge, but a difficult task because of rapid lateral and vertical facies changes in lacustrine basins. An integration of geological, geophysical, and geochemical analysis is employed to investigate the origin of crude oil, the carrier-bed architecture, and migration pathways from source to trap in the JX1-1 oil field, Liaodong Bay subbasin, Bohai Bay Basin. Detailed geochemical studies suggest that three potential source-rock intervals ( $${\mathrm{E}}_{2}{\mathrm{s}}_{3}$$ , $${\mathrm{E}}_{2}{\mathrm{s}}_{1}$$ , and $${\mathrm{E}}_{3}{\mathrm{d}}_{3}$$ ) exist in the Liaodong Bay subbasin, and crude oil in the JX1-1 field was derived from the $${\mathrm{E}}_{2}{\mathrm{s}}_{3}$$ and $${\mathrm{E}}_{2}{\mathrm{s}}_{1}$$ source rocks. The carrier beds from $${\mathrm{E}}_{2}{\mathrm{s}}_{3}$$ and $${\mathrm{E}}_{2}{\mathrm{s}}_{1}$$ source rocks to the trap were characterized using geophysical data. The fan-delta sandstone in the $${\mathrm{E}}_{2}{\mathrm{s}}_{3}$$ Member has an immediate contact with $${\mathrm{E}}_{2}{\mathrm{s}}_{3}$$ source rock and served as dominant conduit for the expulsion and migration of oil generated from $${\mathrm{E}}_{2}{\mathrm{s}}_{3}$$ source rock. The $${\mathrm{E}}_{3}{\mathrm{d}}_{3}$$ braided-delta sandstones overlying the $${\mathrm{E}}_{2}{\mathrm{s}}_{1}$$ source rock served as dominant conduit for $${\mathrm{E}}_{2}{\mathrm{s}}_{1}$$ -sourced oil. The focusing of petroleum migration pathways and the merge of migration pathways in $${\mathrm{E}}_{2}{\mathrm{s}}_{3}$$ and $${\mathrm{E}}_{3}{\mathrm{d}}_{3}$$ sandstones account for the accumulation of the JX1-1 field and the mixing of $${\mathrm{E}}_{2}{\mathrm{s}}_{3}$$ - and $${\mathrm{E}}_{2}{\mathrm{s}}_{1}$$ -sourced oil in the field. This study suggests that the distribution of permeable sandstones and their stratigraphic contact with the source rocks are key for petroleum migration and occurrence, and integration of geophysical, geological, and geochemical studies provide an effective way to trace petroleum migration pathways.
    Print ISSN: 0149-1423
    Electronic ISSN: 0149-1423
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
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  • 9
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    A third recognition element in bacterial promoters: DNA binding by the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-26
    Description: A DNA sequence rich in (A+T), located upstream of the -10, -35 region of the Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA promoter rrnB P1 and called the UP element, stimulates transcription by a factor of 30 in vivo, as well as in vitro in the absence of protein factors other than RNA polymerase (RNAP). When fused to other promoters, such as lacUV5, the UP element also stimulates transcription, indicating that it is a separate promoter module. Mutations in the carboxyl-terminal region of the alpha subunit of RNAP prevent stimulation of these promoters by the UP element although the mutant enzymes are effective in transcribing the "core" promoters (those lacking the UP element). Protection of UP element DNA by the mutant RNAPs is severely reduced in footprinting experiments, suggesting that the selective decrease in transcription might result from defective interactions between alpha and the UP element. Purified alpha binds specifically to the UP element, confirming that alpha acts directly in promoter recognition. Transcription of three other promoters was also reduced by the COOH-terminal alpha mutations. These results suggest that UP elements comprise a third promoter recognition region (in addition to the -10, -35 recognition hexamers, which interact with the sigma subunit) and may account for the presence of (A+T)-rich DNA upstream of many prokaryotic promoters. Since the same alpha mutations also block activation by some transcription factors, mechanisms of promoter stimulation by upstream DNA elements and positive control by certain transcription factors may be related.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ross, W -- Gosink, K K -- Salomon, J -- Igarashi, K -- Zou, C -- Ishihama, A -- Severinov, K -- Gourse, R L -- AI90035/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- GM49242/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM37048/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 26;262(5138):1407-13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8248780" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; DNA, Bacterial/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/*metabolism ; Escherichia coli/enzymology/*genetics ; *Escherichia coli Proteins ; Integration Host Factors ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; *rRNA Operon
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Molecular cloning and disease association of hepatitis G virus: a transfusion-transmissible agent (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-01-26
    Description: An RNA virus, designated hepatitis G virus (HGV), was identified from the plasma of a patient with chronic hepatitis. Extension from an immunoreactive complementary DNA clone yielded the entire genome (9392 nucleotides) encoding a polyprotein of 2873 amino acids. The virus is closely related to GB virus C (GBV-C) and distantly related to hepatitis C virus, GBV-A, and GBV-B. HGV was associated with acute and chronic hepatitis. Persistent viremia was detected for up to 9 years in patients with hepatitis. The virus is transfusion-transmissible. It has a global distribution and is present within the volunteer blood donor population in the United States.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linnen, J -- Wages, J Jr -- Zhang-Keck, Z Y -- Fry, K E -- Krawczynski, K Z -- Alter, H -- Koonin, E -- Gallagher, M -- Alter, M -- Hadziyannis, S -- Karayiannis, P -- Fung, K -- Nakatsuji, Y -- Shih, J W -- Young, L -- Piatak, M Jr -- Hoover, C -- Fernandez, J -- Chen, S -- Zou, J C -- Morris, T -- Hyams, K C -- Ismay, S -- Lifson, J D -- Hess, G -- Foung, S K -- Thomas, H -- Bradley, D -- Margolis, H -- Kim, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jan 26;271(5248):505-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Genelabs Technologies, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8560265" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acute Disease ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion/*adverse effects ; Blood-Borne Pathogens ; Chronic Disease ; Cloning, Molecular ; Consensus Sequence ; Disease Transmission, Infectious ; Flaviviridae/genetics ; Genome, Viral ; Hepatitis Viruses/chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human/epidemiology/transmission/*virology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA Viruses/chemistry/*genetics/isolation & purification ; RNA, Viral/blood/genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; United States/epidemiology ; Viral Proteins/chemistry/genetics ; Viremia/epidemiology/virology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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