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  • 1
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    Variation in transcription factor binding among humans (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-20
    Description: Differences in gene expression may play a major role in speciation and phenotypic diversity. We examined genome-wide differences in transcription factor (TF) binding in several humans and a single chimpanzee by using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing. The binding sites of RNA polymerase II (PolII) and a key regulator of immune responses, nuclear factor kappaB (p65), were mapped in 10 lymphoblastoid cell lines, and 25 and 7.5% of the respective binding regions were found to differ between individuals. Binding differences were frequently associated with single-nucleotide polymorphisms and genomic structural variants, and these differences were often correlated with differences in gene expression, suggesting functional consequences of binding variation. Furthermore, comparing PolII binding between humans and chimpanzee suggests extensive divergence in TF binding. Our results indicate that many differences in individuals and species occur at the level of TF binding, and they provide insight into the genetic events responsible for these differences.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2938768/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2938768/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kasowski, Maya -- Grubert, Fabian -- Heffelfinger, Christopher -- Hariharan, Manoj -- Asabere, Akwasi -- Waszak, Sebastian M -- Habegger, Lukas -- Rozowsky, Joel -- Shi, Minyi -- Urban, Alexander E -- Hong, Mi-Young -- Karczewski, Konrad J -- Huber, Wolfgang -- Weissman, Sherman M -- Gerstein, Mark B -- Korbel, Jan O -- Snyder, Michael -- R01 CA077808/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA077808-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007205-34/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- T32GM07205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG004558/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG004558-04/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Apr 9;328(5975):232-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1183621. Epub 2010 Mar 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20299548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cell Line ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; DNA, Intergenic ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Male ; Pan troglodytes/genetics ; *Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Protein Binding ; RNA Polymerase II/genetics/*metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity ; Transcription Factor RelA/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Initiation Site
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyesters. (1966)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 88 (1966), S. 3464-3465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00966a073
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A survey of film processing illustrated with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1978)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 18 (1978), S. 1163-1173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polymeric films are used to enclose other materials (as for packaging), to carry information (as for magnetic tapes), and as an engineering material (as for capacitor dielectrics). There is an appropriate combination of the bulk and the surface properties engineered to fit each particular use. This duality is illustrated by the “processing for properties” of poly(ethylene terephthalate) films. An overview is presented of stretching, stabilization and relaxation methods of manufacture. These processing techniques, in conjunction with changes in the polymer composition, provide the property levels that are commercially significant.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760181508
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and properties of oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) films (1965)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 2661-2680 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study was made of the structural and property changes that occur when poly(ethylene terephthalate) films are oriented, crystallized, and thermally relaxed. X-ray diffraction, infrared, density, and stress-strain measurements were used to develop information on the amount and direction of orientation of both the crystalline and amorphous regions of these films. Three structural factors influence resultant film properties: (1) the kind and perfection of crystallite orientation, (2) the amount and direction of the trans-gauche isomerization in the amorphous regions, and (3) the amount of crystallinity. Interactions of these factors result in substantially different film properties and relaxation behavior. Of special significance is the influence of “taut” extended amorphous regions produced by orientation which generate useful structure-property information.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1965.070090804
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray low-angle scattering from oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) films (1971)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 15 (1971), S. 2699-2731 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Low-angle x-ray scattering data are used to deduce the morphology of oriented polymeric films. Generally, the structural models proposed to explain these patterns have been extrapolations of observations made from solution-grown polymer single crystals or from highly crystalline bulk polymers. These models and explanations may not be applicable broadly to oriented systems having only modest amounts of crystallinity or to those generated from precursor states that are grossly different. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was chosen as a model polymer system for study. A systematic series of uniaxially and biaxially deformed films were produced from this polymer, made from the initially glassy or crystalline states. The low-angle x-ray scattering patterns generated from these films were studied as a function of (a) the sequence of deformation, (b) the precursor structure, (c) molecular orientation, and (d) the direction of observation. Optical diffraction and model structures were used to aid in the interpretation of the morphology produced. At least three different-sized domains are developed upon deformation, ranging from that of the unit cell (about 10 Å) to large laminar domains of average size 2,000 Å × 10,000 Å. This structure is shown to be substantially different from that developed in an oriented polyethylene film.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1971.070151110
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-Ray determination of the crystallite orientation distributions of polyethylene terephthalate films (1960)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 47 (1960), S. 289-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A set of definitions is proposed to describe uniquely the six types of orientation possible in semicrystalline polymeric films. Oriented polymer films were studied by a new x-ray diffraction technique which permits rotation of a sample about a number of independent axes yielding orientation distributions of the crystalline regions. The definitions and the method of measuring the crystallite-orientation distributions have been applied to polyethylene terephthalate films.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1960.1204714926
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  • 7
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    Control of sexuality by the sk1-encoded UDP-glycosyltransferase of maize (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-29
    Description: Sex determination in maize involves the production of staminate and pistillate florets from an initially bisexual floral meristem. Pistil elimination in staminate florets requires jasmonic acid signaling, and functional pistils are protected by the action of the silkless 1 ( sk1 ) gene. The sk1 gene was identified and found to encode a previously uncharacterized family 1 uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase that localized to the plant peroxisomes. Constitutive expression of an sk1 transgene protected all pistils in the plant, causing complete feminization, a gain-of-function phenotype that operates by blocking the accumulation of jasmonates. The segregation of an sk1 transgene was used to effectively control the production of pistillate and staminate inflorescences in maize plants.
    Electronic ISSN: 2375-2548
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Genetic Architecture of a Rice Nested Association Mapping Population (2017)
    Genetics Society of America (GSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-06-08
    Description: Describing the genetic diversity in the gene pool of crops will provide breeders with novel resources for varietal improvement. Nested Association Mapping (NAM) populations are uniquely suited for characterizing parental diversity through the shuffling and fixation of parental haplotypes. Here, we describe a set of 1879 rice NAM lines created through the selfing and single-seed descent of F 1 hybrids derived from elite IR64 indica crossed with 10 diverse tropical japonica lines. Genotyping data indicated tropical japonica alleles were captured at every queried locus despite the presence of segregation distortion factors. Several distortion loci were mapped, both shared and unique, among the 10 populations. Using two-point and multi-point genetic map calculations, our datasets achieved the ~1500 cM expected map size in rice. Finally, we highlighted the utility of the NAM lines for QTL mapping, including joint analysis across the 10 populations, by confirming known QTL locations for the trait days to heading.
    Electronic ISSN: 2160-1836
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Genetics Society of America (GSA)
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  • 9
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    Polyesters. (1966)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1966-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-7863
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5126
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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