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  • 1
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Orographic influences on Mediterranean lee cyclogenesis and European blocking in a global numerical model (1982)
    Bracknell : ECMWF
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: MOP Per 409(29)
    In: Technical report
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: III, 46 S.
    Series Statement: Technical report / European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts 29
    URL: http://www.ecmwf.int/publications/library/ecpublications/_pdf/tr/tr32.pdf
    Location: MOP - must be ordered
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The action of high and steep mountains on quasi-geostrophic baroclinic instability and alpine cyclogenesis (1985)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 33 (1985), S. 245-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einigen Fällen, die mathematisch behandelbar sind, wird die Modifikation der baroklinen instabilen Wellen durch hohe und steile Hindernisse von begrenzter horizontaler Ausdehnung untersucht. Für diese Untersuchung dient ein einfaches quasigeostrophisches Zweischichtenmodell. Die Hindernisse besitzen vertikale Wände, die die horizontale Strömung in der unteren Schicht blockieren. Die Ergebnisse derartiger Rechnungen zeigen, daß die Wirkung von Hindernissen auf die baroklinen Wellen in ihrer Gesamtheit ausgedehnt werden kann, falls nicht allzu starke ageostrophische Effekte, die die „Steifheit” der quasigeostrophischen Strömung in der Nähe des Hindernisses mildern, postuliert werden. Abschließend werden noch die Schwächen der Untersuchung im Hinblick auf eine alpine Leezyklogenese diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The modification induced on unstable baroclinic waves by high and steep bottom obstacles of limited horizontal extent is studied in some, mathematically tractable, limiting cases (obstacles with vertical lateral walls blocking the horizontal motion of the fluid). The model atmosphere is assumed quasi-geostrophic and the stability problem is dealt with in the two-level approximation. The results of such analysis show that the action of the obstacle can extend to the entire baroclinic wave unless strongly non-geostrophic effects, relaxing the “stiffness” of the quasi-geostrophic flow near the obstacle, are postulated. The weaknesses of this representation with respect to the problem of Alpine lee cyclogenesis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258477
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diagnosis of mesoscale structures in cases of lee cyclogenesis during ALPEX (1990)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 43 (1990), S. 49-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Several cases of lee cyclogenesis that occurred during ALPEX-SOP have been analyzed, with the aim of separating the large scale structures from the subsynoptic/meso-a scale features that are characteristic of this meteorological phenomenon. The results presented here are mainly based on composites of the analyzed cases. We assume that the deformation caused by the orography can be, at least to a reasonable extent, isolated from the “undisturbed” state using scale separation. The analysis technique we employ provides the scale separation as built-in in the interpolation algorithm. The scale separation error due to the large inhomogeneities of the data density distribution is partly corrected using a method described in the text. The orographic disturbance appears in different mesoscale fields as a quasiantisymmetric dipolar structure. For example, high/low pressure, cold/warm temperature and anticyclonic/cyclonic couplets characterize the mesoscale fields near the Alps. A qualitative agreement is found with the structure of the orographically induced perturbations predicted by the normal mode theory of lee cyclogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01028108
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An intercomparison between a global variable mesh and two limited area models on a case of rapid cyclogenesis (1998)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 65 (1998), S. 93-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary This study has been carried out in order to investigate the predictability of a rapidly developing storm over the Mediterranean area, by comparing the behaviour of three different meteorological models. The models chosen are the global, variable mesh, model ARPEGE, which is running operationally at Metéo-France, and two limited area models, namely ALADIN (also developed at Metéo-France) and BOLAM (developed in Italy, mainly at FISBAT). This comparison study has been performed by a cooperation among the French Meteorological Service and the National Research Council of Italy (CNR) FISBAT and IFA institutes. In this paper we present the results obtained by integrating the models on a short time-range, corresponding to the developing stage of a strong cyclone that moved rather quickly to the North from Northern Africa, associated with perturbed weather and distinct mesoscale features. In particular, this cyclone was characterized by a low-level warm core, associated with very strong winds and precipitation. All the three models were successful in describing the main characteristics of this cyclogenesis event, in particular the rapid evolution of the low level vortex. However, important differences emerged in “forecasting” the value of the pressure minimum, its position and time evolution, and the associated distribution of precipitation. When the large scales are treated by using analyzed rather than forecast lateral boundary conditions, the two LAMs perform better than the global model in simulating the low evolution but the global high resolution model better describes the general features of the cyclogenesis. Differences in model performance are found especially in the distribution of precipitation forecasts, suggesting two main conclusions: insufficient descriptions of mountains can change the location of the precipitation release, the precipitation scheme of the ALADIN model is sensitive to the lateral boundary conditions. The overestimation of the cyclone in BOLAM seems due to an oversensitivity to the latent heat release that intensifies the circulation in the cyclone core.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01030271
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mid-tropospheric frontal zones: Numerical experiments with an isentropic coordinate primitive equation model (1977)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 26 (1977), S. 155-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Bildung von Frontalzonen in der mittleren Troposphäre wird mit einem adiabatischen reibungsfreien Modell unter Verwendung der primitiven Gleichungen und der potentiellen Temperatur als vertikale Koordinate simuliert. In der mittleren Troposphäre tritt Frontogenese während der Entwicklung barokliner Wellen auf, die in einem Kanal von der Erstreckung einer Wellenlänge dargestellt werden. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Terme für die Entstehung von Frontogenese oder Frontolyse wird analysiert. Die gefundenen Ergebnisse stimmen im wesentlichen mit früheren Untersuchungen überein. Kleinräumige adiabatische Erwärmung oder Abkühlung tendiert dazu, die Änderung der horizontalen Temperaturadvektion bei der Frontogenese zu übertreffen. Die Natur und die Bedeutung von sekundären Zirkulationen quer zur Front werden untersucht.
    Notes: Summary Formation of frontal zones in the mid troposphere is simulated with an adiabatic inviscid primitive equation model using potential temperature as vertical coordinate. Mid tropospheric frontogenesis takes place during the development of baroclinic waves reproduced in a periodic channel. The importance of various terms in producing frontogenesis or frontolysis is studied diagnostically, and the results are found in essential agreement with previous studies. Differential adiabatic warming or cooling tend to dominate over deformation of horizontal temperature advection in the frontogenetical function. The nature and role of secondary circulations transverse to the front are investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02247160
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quasi-stationary organized convection in the presence of an inversion near the surface: Experiments with a 2-D numerical model (1991)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 45 (1991), S. 75-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Quasi-steady states of organized convection are studied in a two-dimensional nonhydrostatic primitive-equation numerical model. Uni-and multi-cellular patterns are identified in the presence of a low-level inversion, and discussed in relation to those obtained, by various authors, in the more traditional monotonic-sounding case. The stable layer near the ground is shown to be responsible for a configuration of flow normally not observed in cases of monotonic sounding and reminiscent of an orographically generated wave. Exploring the conditions conducive to quasi-steady convection it is found that in the presence of a low-level inversion, a strong shear of the wind component perpendicular to the squall line is required near the surface, deeper than that required in the absence of the inversion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01027476
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A unified theory of orographic influences upon cyclogenesis (1987)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 36 (1987), S. 91-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zyklogenese findet bekanntlich häufig in der Nähe der Hauptgebirgskomplexe der Erde statt. Dennoch wurde bis jetzt in der Literatur noch keine einheitliche und umfassende. Theorie orographischer Zyklogenese angeboten. Wir schlagen hier eine vereinheitlichte Theorie der Zyklogenese bei Vorhandensein einer Orographie mit unterschiedlichen Konfigurationen vor. Die Theorie basiert auf der Verallgemeinerung eines theoretischen Models über die Wechselwirkung von baroklinen Wellen mit der lokalen Orographie. Dieses Modell hat sich kürzlich bei der Erklärung einiger grundlegender Eigenschaften alpiner Zyklogenese als erfolgreich erwiesen (Speranza et al. 1985). Wir betrachten im besonderen die Zyklogenese in der Nähe der Rocky Mountains (sowohl westlich der Kette im Golf von Alaska als auch östlich davon über Nordamerika) und in der Nähe des Himalaya-Tibet-Plateaus. Hinsichtlich der Zyklogenese über dem Golf von Alaska werden auch Ergebnisse von numerischen Experimenten, die mit dem ECMWF-Modell durchgeführt wurden, um die orographischen Effekte unter realistischen Bedingungen zu isolieren, präsentiert und mit den theoretischen Ergebnissen verglichen.
    Notes: Summary Cyclogenesis is known to take place frequently near the principal mountain complexes of the earth. However, a coherent and comprehensive theory of orographic cyclogenesis has never been offered in the literature. We propose here a unified theory of cyclogenesis in the presence of orography of various configurations, based on the generalization of a theoretical model concerning the interaction of baroclinic waves with local orography. This model has recently proved to be successful in accounting for some basic properties of Alpinecyclogenesis (Speranza et al. 1985). We consider, in particular, cyclogenesis in proximity of the Rocky Mountains (both to the west of the ridge, in the Gulf of Alaska, and to the east of it, over North America) and in proximity of the Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau. With regard to cyclogenesis over the Gulf of Alaska, results of numerical experiments, performed with the ECMWF model in order to isolate the orographic effects in realistic conditions, are also presented and compared with the theoretical results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01045143
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quasi-geostrophic baroclinic flow past isolated obstacles (1980)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 29 (1980), S. 269-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es werden die Auswirkungen der Einbeziehung der vertikalen Scherung in das Problem der stetigen Strömung einer nichtviskosen rotierenden und geschichteten Flüssigkeit um ein isoliertes topographisches Hindernis besprochen. Es wird gezeigt, daß bei Baroklinität in der fern von dem Hindernis ungestörten Strömung, bei dem hier betrachteten Parameterbereich, ein antizyklonaler an das Hindernis gebundener Wirbel erzeugt wird, ähnlich wie im Fall ohne Scherung aber mit durch die Scherung modifizierter Intensität. Im besonderen nimmt, wenn die Geschwindigkeit der Grundströmung mit der Höhe zunimmt, die Intensität des Wirbels im Vergleich zum barotropen Fall wegen der horizontalen Advektion potentieller Temperatur ab. Für den Fall einer geringen Größe der Hindernisse werden analytische Lösungen gebracht.
    Notes: Summary The effects of inclusion of vertical shear in the problem of steady flow of an inviscid, rotating and stratified fluid past isolated topography are discussed. It is shown that the presence of baroclinicity in the undisturbed flow far from the obstacle, in the parameter range considered here, produces an anti-cyclonic vortex bound to the obstacle, like in the unsheared case, but whose intensity is modified by the shear. In particular, if the velocity of basic flow increases with height, the intensity of the vortex is decreased with respect to the barotropic case, because of the horizontal advection of potential temperature. Analytical solutions are presented in the case of small amplitude obstacles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02247766
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of a limited area model in cases of mediterranean cyclogenesis: Surface fields and precipitation scores (1994)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 53 (1994), S. 137-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary We have examined the performance of a limited-area mesoscale model of our design in cases of winter cyclones over the southern European-central Mediterranean area with particular ticular attention to standard precipitation statistical scores (bias, threat score, false alarms), obtaining results which compare favourably with other state-of-the-art LAM's documented in the literature. The model, which we briefly describe here, uses standard procedures and includes Geleyn's radiation package and Emanuel's moist convective adjustment scheme. We also discuss the model's performance from the viewpoint of individual surface fields, which display a variety of-mesoscale features correctly reproducing, in most cases, those of the observed fields. The latter have been re-analyzed for this purpose using conventional SYNOP data and ECMWF analyses as first guess.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029609
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis and numerical modelling of a frontal passage associated with thunderstorm development over the Po valley and the Adriatic sea (1992)
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 48 (1992), S. 205-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary A case study is presented of the meteorological situation of 26 July 1987, when a moderate lee cyclone formed south of the Alps associated with a cold front moving from the northwest. A convective line developed over the Po valley and the northern Adriatic sea, slightly in advance of the position of the cold front which, over that area, was associated with a north-easterly low-level flow. The mesoscale situation over the Po valley before and after the frontal passage was complex, with different flow configurations and weather phenomena affecting the eastern and western portions of the region. The analysis of observations has been complemented by the results of numerical experiments run with a limited area, high resolution model, initialized using interpolated ECMWF analyses. Sensitivity experiments show the important roles played by the orography and by the condensation-evaporation processes in determining the mesoscale field environment favourable for the development of the organized convection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01029569
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