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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The temperature dependence of the refractive index of silicon at elevated temperatures at several laser wavelengths (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 841-843 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The refractive index of silicon has been measured at elevated temperatures at several different laser wavelengths of the HeNe and the Ar+ cw lasers. This data, along with the reinterpretation of polarization modulation ellipsometry data, shows that the refractive index is linear with temperature (from 25 to ∼750 °C) and that the temperature coefficient of the refractive index increases as the wavelength of light decreases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337386
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
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    The temperature dependence of the refractive index of silicon at elevated temperatures at several laser wavelengths (1986)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-15
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Detection of rainfall rates utilizing spaceborne microwave radiometers (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: To demonstrate the success of utilizing passive microwave sensors in monitoring synoptic scale rainfall, two studies are described in which electrically scanning microwave radiometers (ESMR-5 and 6) on board Nimbus 5 and 6 were employed using a Langrangian frame of reference. The first study suggests a method of utilizing ESMR-5 measurements to quantize rainfall over water within tropical and extratropical storms and to use these measurements to monitor and possibly predict storm intensity. The second study suggests a method of monitoring the coverage and movement of synoptic rain over land by employing ESMR-6.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Precipitation Meas. from Space:; 7 p
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Microwave radiometry and hybrid precipitation measurements (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: It was necessary to identify the most promising measurement techniques and strategies and to understand those candidate systems in detail. The emphasis was on passive microwave remote-sensing techniques. A brief background in passive microwave and hybrid techniques for measuring precipitation, key problem areas and strategies for dealing with those problems, a precipitation measurement system, and specific recommendations are presented.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Precipitation Meas. from Space:; 11 p
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Evaluation of the effects of varying moisture contents on microwave thermal emissions from agriculture fields (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Three tasks related to soil moisture sensing at microwave wavelengths were undertaken: (1) analysis of data at L, X and K sub 21 band wavelengths over bare and vegetated fields from the 1975 NASA sponsored flight experiment over Phoenix, Arizona; (2) modeling of vegetation canopy at microwave wavelengths taking into consideration both absorption and volume scattering effects; and (3) investigation of overall atmospheric effects at microwave wavelengths that can affect soil moisture retrieval. Data for both bare and vegetated fields are found to agree well with theoretical estimates. It is observed that the retrieval of surface and near surface soil moisture information is feasible through multi-spectral and multi-temporal analysis. It is also established that at long wavelengths, which are optimal for surface sensing, atmospheric effects are generally minimal. At shorter wavelengths, which are optimal for atmosheric retrieval, the background surface properties are also established.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: NASA-CR-166679 , ERT-P-A245
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Detection of regional air pollution episodes utilizing satellite digital data in the visual range (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Digital analyses of satellite visible data for selected high-sulfate cases over the northeastern U.S., on July 21 and 22, 1978, are compared with ground-based measurements. Quantitative information on total aerosol loading derived from the satellite digitized data using an atmospheric radiative transfer model is found to agree with the ground measurements, and it is shown that the extent and transport of the haze pattern may be monitored from the satellite data over the period of maximum intensity for the episode. Attention is drawn to the potential benefits of satellite monitoring of pollution episodes demonstrated by the model.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing; GE-20; Apr. 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Effects of varying soil moisture contents and vegetation canopies on microwave emissions (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Results of NASA airborne passive microwave scans of bare and vegetated fields for comparison with ground truth tests are discussed and a model for atmospheric scattering of radiation by vegetation is detailed. On-board radiometers obtained data at 21, 2.8, and 1.67 cm during three passes over each of 46 fields, 28 of which were bare and the others having wheat or alfalfa. Ground-based sampling included moisture in five layers down to 15 cm in addition to soil temperature. The relationships among the brightness temperature and soil moisture, as well as the surface roughness and the vegetation canopy were examined. A model was developed for the dielectric coefficient and volume scattering for a vegetation medium. L- to C-band data were found useful for retrieving soil information directly. A surface moisture content of 5-35% yielded an emissivity of 0.9-0.7. The data agreed well with a combined multilayer radiative transfer model with simple roughness correction.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Analysis of GOES imagery and digitized data for the SEV-UPS period, August 1979 (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In support of the Southeastern Virginia Urban Plume Study (SEV-UPS), GOES satellite imagery was analyzed for the month of August 1979. The analyzed GOES images provide an additional source of meteorological input useful in the evaluation of air quality data collected during the month long period of the SEV-UPS experiment. In addition to the imagery analysis, GOES digitized data were analyzed for the period of August 6 to 11, during which a regional haze pattern was detectable in the imagery. The results of the study indicate that the observed haze patterns correspond closely with areas shown in surface based measurements to have reduced visibilities and elevated pollution levels. Moreover, the results of the analysis of digitized data indicate that digital reflectance counts can be directly related to haze intensity both over land and ocean. The model results agree closely with the observed GOES digital reflectance counts, providing further indication that satellite remote sensing can be a useful tool for monitoring regional elevated pollution episodes.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-165656 , A-533F
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Analysis of soil moisture extraction algorithm using data from aircraft experiments (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A soil moisture extraction algorithm is developed using a statistical parameter inversion method. Data sets from two aircraft experiments are utilized for the test. Multifrequency microwave radiometric data surface temperature, and soil moisture information are contained in the data sets. The surface and near surface ( or = 5 cm) soil moisture content can be extracted with accuracy of approximately 5% to 6% for bare fields and fields with grass cover by using L, C, and X band radiometer data. This technique is used for handling large amounts of remote sensing data from space.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-166719 , P-A826
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    An evaluation of the spatial resolution of soil moisture information (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Rainfall-amount patterns in the central regions of the U.S. were assessed. The spatial scales of surface features and their corresponding microwave responses in the mid western U.S. were investigated. The usefulness for U.S. government agencies of soil moisture information at scales of 10 km and 1 km. was ascertained. From an investigation of 494 storms, it was found that the rainfall resulting from the passage of most types of storms produces patterns which can be resolved on a 10 km scale. The land features causing the greatest problem in the sensing of soil moisture over large agricultural areas with a radiometer are bodies of water. Over the mid-western portions of the U.S., water occupies less than 2% of the total area, the consequently, the water bodies will not have a significant impact on the mapping of soil moisture. Over most of the areas, measurements at a 10-km resolution would adequately define the distribution of soil moisture. Crop yield models and hydrological models would give improved results if soil moisture information at scales of 10 km was available.
    Keywords: EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Type: NASA-CR-166724 , ERT-P-7505-F
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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