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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 153 (1988), S. 1006-1011 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 153 (1988), S. 1006-1011 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 1405-1419 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Fatigue crack propagation (FCP) of injection-moulded polystyrene (PS) and 95/5, 85/15 and 70/30 PS/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blends at loading frequencies of 2 and 20 Hz was studied. The FCP results showed that increasing the HDPE content caused a progressive reduction of the fatigue crack growth rates, especially when a styrene/ethylene– butylene/styrene (SEBS) terpolymer was added as a compatibilizer. Increasing the loading frequency also led to a fatigue crack growth rate reduction. Moreover, the fatigue crack growth rates were lower at a given cyclic stress intensity factor range, ΔK, when the crack propagated normal, instead of parallel, to the melt-flow direction during injection moulding. Fractographic observations indicated that discontinuous growth bands (DGBs), associated with the fracture of crazes in the plastic zone, were present through most or all of the fracture surfaces of the PS/HDPE specimens. In the presence of sufficient HDPE, these DGBs were formed by the initiation, growth and coalescence of large dimples initiated at HDPE particles ahead of the microscopic crack front, similar to a multiple crazing effect. The loading frequency effect on the FCP behaviour of these blends is attributed to a time-dependent deformation process. It is concluded that the FCP behaviour of these blends is strongly affected by the loading direction with respect to the matrix and minor phase orientation, by the presence of a compatibilizer, by the composition of the blend and by the testing conditions. © Chapman & Hall.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 33 (1998), S. 1591-1606 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behaviour of polystyrene (PS) and 95/5 PS/high density polyethylene (HDPE) was studied at cycling frequencies (f) of 0.2, 2 and 20 Hz. At the latter two frequencies, the fatigue crack growth rates (FCGRs) in the blends were lower than in PS, especially when a styrene/ethylene–butylene/styrene (SEBS) triblock copolymer was added as a compatibilizer. The fractographic features observed were analysed in detail. Discontinuous growth bands (DGBs), associated with the fracture of crazes, formed at low FCGRs in PS and at low and high FCGRs in the blends. Large dimple-like features formed at intermediate FCGRs and fatigue striations at high FCGRs were observed in PS. The observations indicated that the reduction in FCGR when HDPE was added to PS was associated with the presence of stretched HDPE particles which fractured behind the crack front, with increased particle–matrix adhesion favoured by the compatibilizer. An increase in cycling frequency decreased the FCGRs, with the fractographic observations indicating that this effect was associated with a decrease in the time-dependent deformation in the fracture process zone slightly ahead of the crack tip.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Couette type transient flows have been produced in a semi-automatic coaxial cylinder viscometer equipped with a two way recorder and a servo-motor which is possibly connected to a low frequency function generator programming the rotational speed of the outer cylinder of the viscometer. Several kinds of rheograms have been established for rectangular and triangular steps of shear rate, the latter case corresponding to the drawing of hysteresis curves. The study of the shape changes of the rheograms as a function of the time law of the shear rate variation has led to the establishment of an optimal experimental process for blood investigation, and to the selection of four types of hemorheograms showing the main rheological properties of blood at low shear rate. These hemorheograms have been described in detail, and groups of characteristic parameters have been deduced from them. These parameters enable the comparison of various bloods from rheological point of view. The values and the accuracy of these characteristic parameters are given for normal human bloods.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung In einem Mikroviskosimeter mit zwei konzentrischen Zylindern werden nicht-stationäre Couette-Strömungen erzeugt: Das mit einer Nachlaufsteuerung versehene Viskosimeter ist an einen Niederfrequenz-Funktions-Generator angeschlossen, so daß die Umdrehungsgeschwindigkeit des äußeren Zylinders moduliert werden kann. EinX − Y-Schreiber erlaubt die zeichnerische Darstellung der Meßergebnisse. Es werden verschiedene Rheogramme für Rechteck- oder Dreiecksignale der Schergeschwindigkeit hergestellt. Im zweiten Falle erhält man Hysteresis-Kurven. Die Formänderung der Rheogramme für Humanblut in Abhängigkeit von der zeitlichen Veränderung der Schergeschwindigkeit erlaubt es, ein optimales Versuchsprotokoll zu ermitteln. Vier ausgewählte Haemorheogramm-Modelle stellen die wesentlichen rheologischen Eigenschaften des Blutes bei geringer Schergeschwindigkeit dar. Diese Hämorheogramme werden im einzelnen beschrieben; charakteristische Parametergruppen, die den Vergleich verschiedener Blutsorten bezüglich ihrer rheologischen Eigenschaften ermöglichen, werden abgeleitet. Es werden numerische Werte und Abweichungen dieser Parameter für normales Humanblut angegeben.
    Notes: Résumé Des écoulements de type Couette en régime transitoire sont produits au moyen d'un microviscosimètre semi-automatique à cylindres coaxiaux muni d'un asservissement de la vitesse de rotation et d'un enregistreur à deux voies, et qui peut être associé à un générateur de fonction basse fréquence permettant de programmer la vitesse de rotation du cylindre extérieur du viscosimètre. Diverses sortes de rhéogramme ont été établies pour des échelons rectangulaires ou triangulaires de vitesse de cisaillement, ce dernier cas correspondant à l'enregistrement de courbes d'hystérèse. L'étude des changements de forme des rhéogrammes obtenus avec du sang humain en fonction de la loi de variation de la vitesse de cisaillement avec le temps a permis de déterminer un protocole expérimental optimal et de sélectionner quatre types d'hémorhéogramme qui font apparaître les principales propriétés rhéologiques du sang aux faibles valeurs de la vitesse de cisaillement. Ces hémorhéogrammes sont décrits en détail; des groupes de paramètres caractéristiques en sont déduits, qui permettent de comparer les divers sangs entre eux du point de vue rhéologique. Les valeurs de ces paramètres et leur précision sont données pour les sangs humains normaux.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A very sensitive method has recently been developed for the study in vitro of the rheological properties of blood in transient flow at low shear rate. By this method the blood viscoelasticity and thixotropy can be evidenced accurately from the recording of four rheograms corresponding to four different flow conditions, and obtained in well defined and invariable experimental process with the same small blood sample. Thus a given blood can be characterized by means of a small number of mechanical parameters. This method has been used to show that human blood samples, considered as normal from hematological point of view, may exhibit large and reproducible differences of rheological behaviour, which is important for the hemodynamical consequences. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated, on several examples, that viscosity, viscoelasticity and thixotropy of blood frequently show considerable variations when the blood samples are artificially modified. This emphasizes the major role the use of the proposed method may play in the domain of normal and pathological hematology.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Vor kurzem wurde eine sehr empfindliche Methode entwickelt, um die rheologischen Eigenschaften von Blut unter nicht-stationären Bedingungen bei niedrigen Schergeschwindigkeiten in vitro zu untersuchen. Hiermit lassen sich die Viskoelastizität und die Thixotropie des Blutes anhand von vier Rheogrammen genau bestimmen, wobei vier verschiedene Fließvorgänge gemäß einem exakt reproduzierbaren Versuchsprogramm an ein und derselben kleinen Blutprobe realisiert werden. Auf diese Weise ist das vorgegebene Blut mittels einer kleinen Anzahl mechanischer Parameter charakterisierbar. Diese Methode wurde angewandt, um zu zeigen, daß vom hämatologischen Standpunkt normales Humanblut bezüglich seines rheologischen Verhaltens erhebliche und reproduzierbare Unterschiede aufweisen kann, die wichtige hämodynamische Folgen haben. Weiterhin wurde an verschiedenen Beispielen nachgewiesen, daß die Viskosität, Elastizität und Thixotropie von Blut durch künstlich vorgenommene Modifikationen wesentlich verändert werden kann. Dies macht die wichtige Rolle deutlich, die derartige vorgeschlagene Methoden für die normale und pathologische Hämatologie zu spielen imstande sein dürften.
    Notes: Résumé Une méthode très sensible d'étude in vitro des propriétés rhéologiques du sang en régime d'écoulement transitoire à faible vitesse de cisaillement développée récemment permet de mettre en évidence avec précision la viscoélasticité et la thixotropie du sang à partir de l'enregistrement de quatre rhéogrammes obtenus en quelques minutes, dans des conditions mécaniques différentes et selon un protocole expérimental standard bien défini, sur un même échantillon de sang de quelques cm3. On peut ainsi caractériser un sang donné au moyen d'un petit nombre de paramètres mécaniques. Cette technique a été utilisée pour montrer que des sangs humains considérés comme normaux du point de vue hématologique peuvent présenter des différences notables de comportement rhéologique, ce qui a des conséquences au niveau de l'hémodynamique. D'autre part il est prouvé sur plusieurs exemples que la viscosité, la viscoélasticité et la thixotropie du sang présentent souvent des variations considérables dans le cas de sangs artificiellement modifiés. Ceci montre l'importance du rôle que pourrait jouer l'utilisation de la technique proposée dans le domaine de l'hématologie normale et pathologique.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1990-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1999-04-13
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2005-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2016-07-21
    Description: We present the stellar mass ( M * ) and Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer absolute Band 1 magnitude ( M W 1 ) Tully–Fisher relations (TFRs) of subsets of galaxies from the CO Legacy Database for the GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey (COLD GASS). We examine the benefits and drawbacks of several commonly used fitting functions in the context of measuring CO(1–0) linewidths (and thus rotation velocities), favouring the Gaussian Double Peak function. We find the M W 1 and M * TFR, for a carefully selected sub-sample, to be $M_{W1} = (-7.1\pm 0.6) [\log {(\frac{W_{50}/\sin {i}}{{\rm km\,s}^{-1}})}-2.58] - 23.83 \pm 0.09$ and $\log {(M_{{\ast }}/\mathrm{M}_{{\odot }})} = (3.3\pm 0.3) [\log {(\frac{W_{50}{/}\sin {i}}{{\rm km\,s}^{-1}})}-2.58] + 10.51\pm 0.04$ , respectively, where W 50 is the width of a galaxy's CO(1–0) integrated profile at 50 per cent of its maximum and the inclination i is derived from the galaxy axial ratio measured on the Sloan Digitized Sky Survey r -band image. We find no evidence for any significant offset between the TFRs of COLD GASS galaxies and those of comparison samples of similar redshifts and morphologies. The slope of the COLD GASS M * TFR agrees with the relation of Pizagno et al. However, we measure a comparatively shallower slope for the COLD GASS M W 1 TFR as compared to the relation of Tully & Pierce. We attribute this to the fact that the COLD GASS sample comprises galaxies of various (late-type) morphologies. Nevertheless, our work provides a robust reference point with which to compare future CO TFR studies.
    Print ISSN: 0035-8711
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
    Topics: Physics
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