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  • 1
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    Biofuel blending reduces particle emissions from aircraft engines at cruise conditions (2017)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Current Status of Superheat Spray Modeling With NCC (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An understanding of liquid fuel behavior at superheat conditions is identified to be a topic of importance in the design of modern supersonic engines. As a part of the NASA's supersonics project office initiative on high altitude emissions, we have undertaken an effort to assess the accuracy of various existing CFD models used in the modeling of superheated sprays. As a part of this investigation, we have completed the implementation of a modeling approach into the national combustion code (NCC), and then applied it to investigate the following three cases: (1) the validation of a flashing jet generated by the sudden release of pressurized R134A from a cylindrical nozzle, (2) the differences between two superheat vaporization models were studied based on both hot and cold flow calculations of a Parker-Hannifin pressure swirl atomizer, (3) the spray characteristics generated by a single-element LDI (Lean Direct Injector) experiment were studied to investigate the differences between superheat and non-superheat conditions. Further details can be found in the paper.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA/TM-2012-217295 , E-18044 , 48th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit; Jul 30, 2012 - Aug 01, 2012; Atlanta, GA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Biofuel Blending Reduces Aircraft Engine Particle Emissions at Cruise Conditions (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-23
    Description: Aviation aerosol emissions have a disproportionately large climatic impact because they are emitted high in the relatively pristine upper troposphere where they can form linear contrails and influence cirrus clouds. Research aircraft from NASA, DLR, and NRC Canada made airborne measurements of gaseous and aerosol composition and contrail microphysical properties behind the NASA DC-8 aircraft at cruise altitudes. The DC-8 CFM-56-2C engines burned traditional medium-sulfur Jet A fuel as well as a low-sulfur Jet A fuel and a 50:50 biofuel blend. Substantial, two-to-three-fold emissions reductions are found for both particle number and mass emissions across the range of cruise thrust operating conditions. These observations provide direct and compelling evidence for the beneficial impacts of biojet fuel blending under real-world conditions.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NF1676L-25029 , Nature (ISSN 0028-0836) (e-ISSN 1476-4687); 543; 411-415
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    PAGEMS (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Glenn Research Center has extensive instrumentation developed for measuring particulate and gaseous emissions. The Particulate and Gaseous Emissions Measurement System (PAGEMS) is a mobile facility housing advanced instrumentation used for measuring combustion particulates and gaseous species. Particulates sizes ranging from 10 nm to 10 mm can be measured along with SO2, NO, NO2, CO, CO2, THC and O2 . Measurements can be made from subatmospheric up to 60 atm. Representative data from two engine tests will be discussed. In one test, the fuel sulfur content was changed, while the other test (T-63 engine) used various fuel additives. Probe design is essential to acquiring accurate particulate data. I will discuss the AEDC designed particulate probe, and the results of a University of Minnesota calibration study using the probe. Another suite of instrumentation, a tunable diode laser (TDL), enables in-situ real time gaseous species measurements. Representative TDL data from a T-38 aircraft will be presented. In conclusion, near term measurement opportunities will be discussed.
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
    Type: NASA Glenn Research Center UEET (Ultra-Efficient Engine Technology) Program: Agenda and Abstracts; 51
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Biofuels as an Alternative Energy Source for Aviation-A Survey (2009)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The use of biofuels has been gaining in popularity over the past few years because of their ability to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. As a renewable energy source, biofuels can be a viable option for sustaining long-term energy needs if they are managed efficiently. We investigate past, present, and possible future biofuel alternatives currently being researched and applied around the world. More specifically, we investigate the use of ethanol, cellulosic ethanol, biodiesel (palm oil, algae, and halophytes), and synthetic fuel blends that can potentially be used as fuels for aviation and nonaerospace applications. We also investigate the processing of biomass via gasification, hydrolysis, and anaerobic digestion as a way to extract fuel oil from alternative biofuels sources.
    Keywords: Research and Support Facilities (Air)
    Type: NASA/TM-2009-215587 , E-16828
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment II (AAFEX II) Overview (2012)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Environment Pollution
    Type: E-663269 , Interagency Working Group -- Alternative Fuels; Sep 19, 2012; Cleveland, OH; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Combustion (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An overview of the emissions related research being conducted as part of the Fundamental Aeronautics Subsonics Fixed Wing Project is presented. The overview includes project metrics, milestones, and descriptions of major research areas. The overview also includes information on some of the emissions research being conducted under NASA Research Announcements. Objective: Development of comprehensive detailed and reduced kinetic mechanisms of jet fuels for chemically-reacting flow modeling. Scientific Challenges: 1) Developing experimental facilities capable of handling higher hydrocarbons and providing benchmark combustion data. 2) Determining and understanding ignition and combustion characteristics, such as laminar flame speeds, extinction stretch rates, and autoignition delays, of jet fuels and hydrocarbons relevant to jet surrogates. 3) Developing comprehensive kinetic models for jet fuels.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Annual Meeting; Oct 30, 2007 - Nov 01, 2007; New Orleans, LA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    High Altitude Emissions (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An overview of emissions related research being conducted as part of the Fundamental Aeronautics Supersonics Project is presented. The overview includes project objectives, milestones, and descriptions of major research areas. The overview also includes information on the emissions research being conducted under NASA Research Announcements. Technical challenges include: 1) Environmental impact of supersonic cruise emissions is greater due to higher flight altitudes which makes emissions reduction increasingly important. 2) Accurate prediction tools to enable combustor designs that reduce emissions at supersonic cruise are needed as well as intelligent systems to minimize emissions. 3) Combustor operating conditions at supersonic cruise are different than at subsonic cruise since inlet fuel and air temperatures are considerably increased.
    Keywords: Aircraft Propulsion and Power
    Type: NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Annual Meeting; Oct 30, 2007 - Nov 01, 2007; New Orleans, LA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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