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  • 1
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    Layered seismogenic source model and probabilistic seismic-hazard analyses in Central Italy (2006)
    In:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Kyoto, AGU, vol. 96, no. 1, pp. 107-132, pp. L07609, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006
    Keywords: Seismology ; Source ; Statistical investigations ; PSHA ; Seismicity ; Earthquake hazard ; BSSA
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 2
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    Entropy, Vol. 20, Pages 834: Cities, from Information to Interaction (2018)
    MDPI
    In: Entropy
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018
    Description: From physics to the social sciences, information is now seen as a fundamental component of reality. However, a form of information seems still underestimated, perhaps precisely because it is so pervasive that we take it for granted: the information encoded in the very environment we live in. We still do not fully understand how information takes the form of cities, and how our minds deal with it in order to learn about the world, make daily decisions, and take part in the complex system of interactions we create as we live together. This paper addresses three related problems that need to be solved if we are to understand the role of environmental information: (1) the physical problem: how can we preserve information in the built environment? (2) The semantic problem: how do we make environmental information meaningful? and (3) the pragmatic problem: how do we use environmental information in our daily lives? Attempting to devise a solution to these problems, we introduce a three-layered model of information in cities, namely environmental information in physical space, environmental information in semantic space, and the information enacted by interacting agents. We propose forms of estimating entropy in these different layers, and apply these measures to emblematic urban cases and simulated scenarios. Our results suggest that ordered spatial structures and diverse land use patterns encode information, and that aspects of physical and semantic information affect coordination in interaction systems.
    Electronic ISSN: 1099-4300
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by MDPI
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  • 3
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    Speleoseismological Constraints on Ground Shaking Threshold and Seismogenic Sources in the Pollino Range (Calabria, Southern Italy) (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Speleoseismological research carried out in the Pollino Range (Calabria, southern Italy), an area of alleged seismic gap in the active extensional belt running along the Southern Apennines, has placed constraints on the recurrence of M 〉 6 earthquakes, on the expected ground shaking threshold and on definition of seismogenic sources in the region. Radiometric (U‐Th, AMS‐14C, and bulk‐14C) dating of before and after deformation layers from collapsed or tilted cave speleothems indicates that six speleoseismic events have occurred in the area during the last ~42 ka, with a mean recurrence of ~5.6 ka. Based on the in situ measured geometry and laboratory determined mechanical properties of speleothems and using an ad hoc seismogenic source model for northern Calabria, which involved both normal and strike‐slip faults, we evaluate the seismic hazard at the cave sites. The numerical models to compute the ground horizontal acceleration threshold for speleothem failure was tested against intact and currently growing stalactites. The inferred age of these stalactites calibrated using established average speleothem growth rates of 0.3–1.2 cm/ka, ranges from ~0.7 to ~10 ka, with most of them younger than ~5.6 ka. Results show that the ~0.8‐ to 1.0‐g peak ground acceleration threshold estimated for collapsed speleothems every 5.6 ka was achieved during strong (M 〉 6) and close (epicentral distance 〈 12 km) earthquakes. Considering a mean speleoseismic event recurrence of 5.6 ka and that no speleoseismic shaking has occurred in the last 5.5 ka, the probability of occurrence of an M 〉 6 event in the area in the next few centuries is quite high.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9313
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9356
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 4
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    Axelrod's model with surface tension (2014)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-10
    Description: Author(s): Bruno Pace and Carmen P. C. Prado In this work we propose a subtle change in Axelrod's model for the dissemination of culture. The mechanism consists of excluding from the set of potentially interacting neighbors those that would never possibly exchange. Although the alteration proposed does not alter the state space topologically, ... [Phys. Rev. E 89, 062804] Published Fri Jun 06, 2014
    Keywords: Networks and Interdisciplinary Physics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 5
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    Do static stress changes of a moderate-magnitude earthquake significantly modify the regional seismic hazard? Hints from the L'Aquila 2009 normal-faulting earthquake (Mw 6.3, central Italy) (2014)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-22
    Description: We investigated the Coulomb stress changes in the active faults surrounding a moderate-magnitude normal-faulting earthquake (2009 L'Aquila, Mw 6.3) and the associated variations in the expected ground motion on regional probabilistic seismic hazard maps. We show that the static stress variations can locally increase the seismic hazard by modifying the expected mean recurrence time on neighbouring faults by up to ~290 years, with associated variations in the probability of occurrence of the maximum expected earthquake of up to ~2%. Our findings suggest that the increase in seismic hazard on neighbouring faults following moderate-magnitude earthquakes is probably not sufficient to necessitate systematic upgrades of regional probabilistic seismic hazard maps, but must be considered to better address and schedule strategies for local-scale mitigation of seismic risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0954-4879
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-3121
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Wiley
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  • 6
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    Uranium-series measurements of the speleothem samples from Cola cave (Italy) (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-02
    Description: Uranium-series measurements of the speleothem samples from the Cola cave. The concentrations of 238U and 232Th were determined using the enriched 236U and 229Th isotopes, respectively. delta234Um = {[(234U/238U)sample/(234U/238U)eq] − 1} ×1000, where (234U/238U)sample is the measured atomic ratio and (234U/238U)eq is the atomic ratio at secular equilibrium.
    Keywords: Age, dated; Age, error; Age, Uranium-Thorium; COLA; dating; Italy; Laboratory code/label; Multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS), Neptune Plus, Thermo; Sample code/label; Speleothem sample; Spleothems; SPS; Thorium-230/Thorium-232 activity ratio; Thorium-230/Thorium-232 activity ratio, error; Thorium-230/Uranium-238 activity ratio; Thorium-230/Uranium-238 activity ratio, error; Thorium-232; Thorium-232, error; U/Th; Uranium-238; Uranium-238, error; δ234 Uranium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 80 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    AMS 14C ages of the speleothem samples from Cola cave (Italy) (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-02
    Description: AMS 14C ages of the speleothem samples from Cola cave. The "dead carbon portion" DCP-corrected 14C ages were calculated based on two different values of dead carbon incorporated in the speleothem (5%, and 10%). The 14C ages were converted to calendar year (calibrated age) using the IntCal13 calibration curve (Reimer et al., 2013). The mean preferred calibrated age is the average of the median probability calculated from the two DCP values. The 1sigma range for the preferred calibrated age represents the largest age interval.
    Keywords: 14C; Age, 14C AMS; Age, 14C calibrated, IntCal13 (Reimer et al., 2013); Age, dated; Age, error; Calendar age; Calendar age, maximum/old; Calendar age, minimum/young; COLA; dating; Dead carbon portion (DCP)-corrected; Italy; Laboratory code/label; Sample code/label; Speleothem sample; Spleothems; SPS
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 68 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Fault2SHA Central Apennines Database (2020)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: We present a database of field data for active faults in the central Apennines, Italy including trace, fault and master fault locations with activity and location certainties, and slip-rate, slip-vector and surface geometry data. As advances occur in our capability to create more detailed fault-based hazard models, depending on the availability of primary data and observations, it is desirable that such data can be organized in a way that is easily understood and incorporated into present and future models. The database structure presented herein aims to assist this process. We recommend stating what observations have led to different location and activity certainty and presenting slip-rate data with point location coordinates of where the data were collected with the time periods over which they were calculated. Such data reporting allows more complete uncertainty analyses in hazard and risk modelling. The data and maps are available as kmz, kml, and geopackage files with the data presented in spreadsheet files and the map coordinates as txt files.
    Keywords: Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Binary Object (Media Type); CentralApennines; Central Apennines; Central Apennines, Central Italy; earthquake; fault; Fault2SHA; Italy; MULT; Multiple investigations; normal fault
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 10 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Fault-Based Earthquake Rupture Forecast in Central Italy: Remarks after the L'Aquila Mw 6.3 Event (2011)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-02-01
    Description: In 2006 we published an earthquake hazard model called LASSCI (LAyered Seismogenic Source model in central Italy). In October 2008 we began to update the model for use in 5- and 10-year forecasts. The LASSCI-2006 model is supported by good fault-based definitions of seismogenic sources and simple physically motivated models of earthquake occurrence; the LASSCI-2009 model has been improved by revision of the error propagation assumptions and increased accuracy of the earthquake probabilities. The 6 April 2009 earthquake that struck L'Aquila occurred on the model fault having the highest probability of occurrence in the 2009 revised LASSCI forecast: it is therefore consistent with our model assumptions. Furthermore, peak ground accelerations were in reasonable agreement with the values having 90% probability of not being exceeded in 50 yr. In the revised 2009 model, the aggregate probability of having a maximum-sized event in the next 5 yr on at least one of the neighboring sources (less than 25 km distance away) decreases in L'Aquila from 10% to 7% after the earthquake occurrence, but still remains a maximum there along the central Apennines. The LASSCI models 2006 and 2009, featuring characteristic fault sources and time dependence, seem to be suitable for guidance in reconstruction and seismic retrofit in the central Appenines.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 10
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    Axelrod's model with surface tension (2014)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-06-06
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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