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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between hydrophobicity and resistance to nonoxynol-9 and vancomycin for urogenital isolates of lactobacilli (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 94 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seven clinical isolates of lactobacilli were found to be relatively hydrophobic with a mean watercontact angle of 66 ± 15 degrees, and to be susceptible to 1% nonoxynol-9 and vancomycin. However, seven other strains were relatively hydrophilic with a mean water-contact angle of 32 ± 13 degrees, and found to be resistant to 25% nonoxynol-9 and vancomycin. Thus, the surface properties of lactobacilli that influence susceptibility to antimicrobial agents may involve surface hydrophobicity. Possibly the penetration barrier posed by the cell surface towards these two non-ionic antimicrobials is lower for hydrophobic cells than for hydrophilic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05297.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE ROLE OF PROSTATIC ACID PHOSPHATASE IN THE INVESTIGATION AND TREATMENT OF ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 390 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1982.tb40309.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral use of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and L. fermentum RC-14 significantly alters vaginal flora: randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 64 healthy women (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 35 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Urogenital infections afflict an estimated one billion people each year. The size of this problem and the increased prevalence of multi-drug resistant pathogens make it imperative that alternative remedies be found. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 64 healthy women given daily oral capsules of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus fermentum RC-14 for 60 days showed no adverse effects. Microscopy analysis showed restoration from asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis microflora to a normal lactobacilli colonized microflora in 37% women during lactobacilli treatment compared to 13% on placebo (P=0.02). Lactobacilli were detected in more women in the lactobacilli-treated group than in the placebo group at 28 day (P=0.08) and 60 day (P=0.05) test points. Culture findings confirmed a significant increase in vaginal lactobacilli at day 28 and 60, a significant depletion in yeast at day 28 and a significant reduction in coliforms at day 28, 60 and 90 for lactobacilli-treated subjects versus controls. The combination of probiotic L. rhamnosus GR-1 and L. fermentum RC-14 is not only safe for daily use in healthy women, but it can reduce colonization of the vagina by potential pathogenic bacteria and yeast.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0928-8244(02)00465-0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probiotic Lactobacillus dose required to restore and maintain a normal vaginal flora (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 32 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Forty-two healthy women were randomized to receive one of three encapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 plus Lactobacillus fermentum RC-14 probiotic dosage regimens or L. rhamnosus GG by mouth each day for 28 days. However, the vaginal flora, assessed by Nugent scoring, was only normal in 40% of the cases, and 14 patients had asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis. Treatment with L. rhamnosus GR-1/L. fermentum RC-14 once and twice daily correlated with a healthy vaginal flora in up to 90% of patients, and 7/11 patients with bacterial vaginosis converted to normal or intermediate scores within 1 month. Ingestion of L. rhamnosus GG failed to have an effect. This study confirms the potential efficacy of orally administered lactobacilli as a non-chemotherapeutic means to restore and maintain a normal urogenital flora, and shows that over 108 viable organisms per day is the required dose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00531.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral probiotics can resolve urogenital infections (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 30 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We report the first clinical evidence that probiotic lactobacilli can be delivered to the vagina following oral intake. In 10 women with a history of recurrent yeast vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis (BV) and urinary tract infections, strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus fermentum RC-14 suspended in skim milk and given twice daily for 14 days, were recovered from the vagina and identified by morphology and molecular typing within 1 week of commencement of therapy. In six cases of asymptomatic BV or intermediate BV (based upon Nugent scoring) was resolved within 1 week of therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb01549.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and plasmid profiles of Lactobacillus species from the vagina of 100 healthy women (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 15 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It was hypothesized that Lactobacillus acidophilus might not be the dominant aerobic or microaerophilic Lactobacillus species in the human vagina, and that the dominant isolates are likely to express a variety of properties associated with colonization. To examine the question, vaginal swabs were collected from 100 healthy premenopausal women and cultured to detect the dominant aerobic or microaerophilic isolates of Lactobacillus. Only eight species were detected, with Lactobacillus jensenii being the dominant colonizers in the highest number (35) of women. Twelve different plasmid profiles were found amongst the isolates, but there was no association between plasmids and vaginal colonization or hydrogen peroxide production. Of the strains tested, few were resistant to the spermicidal agent nonoxynol-9. The data identify species within which strains may possess properties associated with maintenance of a healthy vaginal ecology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1996.tb00354.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the spermicidal compound nonoxynol-9 on the growth and adhesion of urogenital bacteria in vitro (1990)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 21 (1990), S. 219-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Lactobacilli and uropathogenic bacteria isolated from the female urogenital tract were tested for their susceptibility to nonoxynol-9. Nonoxynol-9 is a spermicidal compound, generally used at a concentration of 5% in cream and 12.5% in foam. The growth of 67% of fresh, vaginal lactobacillus isolates was inhibited by concentrations of nonoxynol-9 between 0.1% and 1.0%; these were termed sensitive. Of a total of 47 lactobacilli from various sources, 55% were found to be sensitive to nonoxynol-9, being bacteriostatic for 42% of these isolates and bactericidal for the remaining 58% at N-9 concentrations ⩾1.0%. The remaining lactobacilli and 96% (48/50) of uropathogenic organisms had minimal inhibitory concentrations of ⩾25% for nonoxynol-9. Inhibition of the lactobacilli did not appear to be species specific nor related to the source of the lactobacilli. The adhesion of Gram-positive bacteria, namely lactobacilli and enterococci, to HeLa cells in tissue culture was significantly increased over 60 min in the presence of physiologically used concentrations of nonoxynol-9; however, adhesion ofEscherichia coli was not affected. We believe that nonoxynol-9 has the potential to increase susceptibility to urinary tract infection in women using spermicidal preparations for contraception by inhibiting the growth of lactobacilli, which are believed to have a protective function in the vagina, and allowing overgrowth of uropathogenic bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02092159
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathogenesis of urinary tract infection in the elderly: the role of bacterial adherence to uroepithelial cells (1984)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 11 (1984), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The in vitro adherence of nine strains of Gram-negative bacteria to uroepithelial cells from 24 women patients (〉65 years) was significantly higher than to cells from 24 premenopausal women (18–40 years). Uroepithelial cells from patients with a history of previous urinary tract infection (UTI) were marginally more receptive to attachment of uropathogens than cells from women without a history of UTI, but this was not statistically significant. Serum from four elderly women with asymptomatic bacteriuria was used to stabilize samples for electron-microscopic examination, which showed the presence of fibrous glycocalyx material surrounding the bacteria and attached to the uroepithelial cells. Eighty uropathogenic isolates from elderly and premenopausal women were found to express adhesins, to produce urease and hemolysins, and to ferment sucrose, salicin, and dulcitol. These results suggest that the increased receptivity of uroepithelial cells to bacterial attachment may be a predisposing factor in the onset of UTI in the hospitalized and domiciliary elderly population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01567706
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bacterial aggregation in sepsis (1990)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 20 (1990), S. 185-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have provided evidence that bacterial aggregation occurs in disease processes. In the present report, an assay system was used to demonstrate bacterial aggregation and coaggregation in vitro. The results showed that uropathogens aggregated in urine and saline and formed aggregates attached to uroepithelial cells. The presence of fimbriae and O, K, and H antigens on the cell surface did not appear to correlate with aggregation. Additional studies related to intraabdominal sepsis showed aggregation of aBacteroides fragilis strain and coaggregation betweenBacteroides fragilis andEscherichia coli, suggestive of in vivo interaction. Electron microscopy demonstrated the various aggregation reactions and was particularly effective in showing type 1 fimbriatedEscherichia coli coaggregating with theBacteroides fragilis. The ability of organisms to aggregate and coaggregate appears to have potential significance in health and disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02091995
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coaggregation of urogenital bacteria in vitro and in vivo (1990)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 20 (1990), S. 47-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The working hypotheses of the present study were that (1) bacterial coaggregates exist in the urogenital tract of healthy and infected women, and (2) coaggregation reactions can occur in vitro between members of the urogenital flora. Examination of urogenital specimens from 25 healthy women showed that lactobacilli were the dominant organisms colonizing the epithelia and coaggregating with other Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In vitro light and electron microscopic studies confirmed that members of the urogenital flora could coaggregate. An examination of specimens from 9 women with urinary tract infection showed the presence of autoaggregated uropathogens free-floating in the urine and attached to epithelial cells. The phenomenon of autoaggregation was also noted in vitro for various uropathogens, suggestive that this may represent a virulence factor. It is evident that bacterial cell-to-cell binding within a strain and among different genera occurs in the urogenital tract. Further studies of the mechanisms that maintain and disrupt these microbial interactions will help to improve our understanding of disease initiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02094024
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