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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomes of Syrphidae (1968)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 24 (1968), S. 233-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This report describes the karyotypes of fourteen species of the tribe Chrysotoxini (Diptera, Syrphidae) with the single genus Chrysotoxum. The species are listed in the Table on p. 240. All have 2n=10 chromosomes, usually consisting of short apparently telocentric sex chromosomes plus two subtelocentric and two submetacentric pairs of autosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285205
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    L'expression morphologique de la digamétie chez les sauropsidés et les monotrèmes (1959)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 10 (1959), S. 1-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. In nine species of Reptiles (Crocodilians, Lacertilians, Ophidians, Chelonians) no difference between the chromosome sets of male and female could be observed. 2. Morphologically differentiated heterochromosomes thus do not exist in this class. 3. This result agrees with the conclusions of Matthey and is in contradiction with those of Oguma, Makino and other Japanese cytologists. 4. In three species of Birds one of the macrochromosomes was found to be without a mate in the female sex; it is impossible to state whether a W chromosome is present. 5. The observation and identification of an unpaired Z chromosome in the female sex of Birds fully justifies the conclusions of Oguma, Yamashina c. s.; however, Matthey's scepticism remains legitimate in so far as it is impossible to specify the type of female heterogamety (ZO or ZW). 6. Cytological evidence does not support the hypothesis that the microchromosomes of Birds are non-chromosomal particles. 7. In the Spiny Ant Eater (Monotremata) an unpaired X chromosome was found in the male; the material at hand did not allow for a decision between XO and XY type of male heterogamety. 8. The type of sex chromosomes is the only cytological character that is exclusively typical of each of the three higher Vertebrate classes. 9. The evidence hitherto obtained concerning the sex chromosomes in the different classes of Vertebrates can be summarized as follows: Fishes: no cytologically recognizable sex chromosomes; Amphibians: no cytologically recognizable sex chromosomes; Reptiles: no cytologically recognizable sex chromosomes; Birds: female heterogamety (ZO, ZW ?); Monotremes: male heterogamety (XO, XY ?); Other Mammals: male heterogamety of the XY type; rarely, multiple sex chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396564
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomes of syrphidae (1964)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 15 (1964), S. 579-590 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319992
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomes of Syrphidae (1966)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 19 (1966), S. 399-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This report describes the karyotypes of five species of the tribe Sericomyiini (Diptera, Syrphidae). The five species are: Sericomyia chalcopyga Lw. (2n=12), S. chrysotoxoides Mq. (2n=10), S. lata (Coq.) (2n = 12), S. militaris Walker (2n=12) and S. sp. 1 (2n=10). Polytene chromosomes of Arctophila flagrans O. S. are illustrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333046
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomes of Syrphidae (1967)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 22 (1967), S. 417-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this report the karyotypes of 54 species of the tribe Milesiini and of four species of the tribe Myoleptini are described in detail with illustrations and idiograms. These species belong in the genera Lejota, Myolepta, Blera, Calliprobola, Criorhina, Hadromyia, Milesia, Somula, Sphecomyia, Spilomyia, Syritta, Temnostoma, Tropidia and Xylota. Six species have 2n = 8 chromosomes, 35 have 2n = 10 (including Xylota nemorum which has about 20 extra microchromosomes in some specimens), 15 have 2n = 12, one has 2n = 14, and Somula decora has 2n = 10 large chromosomes plus about eight microchromosomes. The mean total complement length (TCL) for 347 complements analysed in these tribes was 53.7 μ but there is great variation between TCL's of complements analysed even from a single fly. Karyotypes of species of Myolepta in the Myoleptini resemble in certain respects those of species of Tropidia in the Milesiini. Our observations support Currran's transfer of Lejota cyanea to the Milesiini. The 2n = 12 karyotypes of species of Blera, Criorhina, Lejota, Milesia, and to a lesser extent Sphecomyia, have some features in common. Spilomyia species have rather distinct 2n = 10 karyotypes. Certain species in Calliprobola, Syritta and Hadromyia are karyologically similar to some species of the genus Xylota in which species studied fall into fairly distinct karyological groups. These observations provide clear evidence of the accumulation of karyotypic variations in the origin of species in these two tribes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286546
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomes of Syrphidae (1970)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 31 (1970), S. 207-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The karyotypes of twelve species that possess microchromosomes are briefly described and compared with those of related species that do not have microchromosomes. The species with microchromosomec include several Sphaerophoria sp. (2n=6+6 micro.); Volucella pellucens (L.) (2n=10+8 micro.); Volucella zonaria (Poda) (2n=10+app. 30 micro.); Volucella elegans Loew (2n=10+35 to 45 micro.); Eristalis abusivus Collin (2n=10+10 to 16 micro.); Merodon avidus (Rossi) (2n=12, but a female from Spain 2n=14+5 or 6 micro.); Mallota marguerita Will. (2n=10+7 or 8 micro. including X and Y); Somula decora Macq. (2n=10+8 micro.); Sphecomyia vespiformis (Gorski) (2n=12 + XY + complexes of micro.); Xylota nemorum (Fab.) (2n=10 + about 20 micro. in certain individuals from western North America). These microchromosomes are generally not heterochromatic and are normal in behaviour except that they tend to clump in meiosis I. An origin from sex chromosomes seems possible. The karyotypes of Volucella inanis (L.) (2n=12) and of Eristalis transversus Wied. (2n=14) are also described briefly for comparative purposes and those of several other species of Syrphidae having karyotypes not previously described, are mentioned in the text.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00285148
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Satellite associations and the identification of the Y chromosome in man (1963)
    Springer
    Genetica 33 (1963), S. 45-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a sample of cells from a leucocyte culture of an XY/XO mosaic the number of satellite associations between two acrocentric chromosomes (groups 13–15 and 21–22) was determined. Three different types of associations were distinguished. A comparison of the numerical frequencies of the different types in XO and XY cells suggests that the Y chromosome does not take part in the associations and is therefore unsatellited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01725746
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomes of Syrphidae. VI. The tribe Pipizini (1972)
    Springer
    Genetica 43 (1972), S. 321-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The karyotypes of 24 species of the tribe Pipisini (Diptera: Syrphidae) are described and illustrated. Nearly all the species of Neocnemodon, Pipiza and Pipizella have 2n=8 chromosomes consisting of a short telocentric XY pair and three metacentric pairs increasing in relative length from long to very long. Pair II chromosomes in several Pipiza species have high metacentric to low submetacentric arm ratios. One Parapenium species is tentatively reported as having five pairs and another five or six pairs. The karyological evidence favours placing the tribe Pipizini in the subfamily Syrphinae rather than in the subfamily Milesiinae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00156130
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Further cytotaxonomic studies of Sciomyzidae, with description of a new species, Dichetophora boyesi Steyskal (Diptera: Acalyptratae) (1972)
    Springer
    Genetica 43 (1972), S. 334-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The karyotypes of 24 species of Sciomyzidae (Diptera: Acalyptratae) are described for the first time and new data on the previously described karyotypes of three species are provided. Twenty-two of the 24 species have 2n=12 and two have 2n=10. The variations in karyotype of these species, together with those of 48 species previously described, are considered in relation to the classification as based on morphological features of adults and larvae. The incidence of more specialized sex chromosomes is higher in South America than elsewhere in the species studied. In many cases it would seem that karyological re-organizations have occurred without much effect on gross morphology which has apparently changed more in response to genetic mutations, but there is some agreement between karyological groupings and the taxonomic classification of genera and species. Chromosome complements are somewhat longer in the Sciomyzidae than in the Syrphidae but shorter than those of the Muscidae. The description of a new species, Dichetophora (Neosepedon) boyesi Steyskal, is appended.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00156131
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chromosomes of Richardiidae, Otitidae and Platystomatidae (Diptera: Acalyptratae) (1973)
    Springer
    Genetica 44 (1973), S. 553-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Descriptions of the chromosome complements of one species of the Richardiidae, ten of the Otitidae and nine of the Platystomatidae, are added in this report to the two for Otitidae provided by Metz (1916). The 2n = 10 complement of the single Richardiidae species had a total complement length (TCL) of 68.7μ. Complements of the 12 Otitidae species ranged from 2n = 6 to 12 and averaged 45.8μ in TCL whereas those of nine Platysiomatidae ranged from 2n = 6 to 12 and averaged 41.4μ in TCL. Morphological differences between complements having the same chromosome number are discussed. A karyotype having a short telocentric sex pair and five meta-to submetacentric autosomal pairs constitutes a common karyological feature and could be the basic (primitive) karyotype of species of Acalyptrate and Calyptrate Diptera. It is suggested that the basic 2n = 12 complements of Drosophila species (10 rods and 2 dots) may be far from typical for species of such Diptera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00116809
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