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  • 1
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    Observations on the connection between glacial phases, natural catastrophes and economic trends of the last millennium in Italy (2019)
    Sage Publications
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-05-09
    Description: Humanity has often faced critical phases determined by climate changes combined with other natural catastrophes that implied significant socio-economic consequences. In this article, we present an observational study on the possible systematic connection between these factors for the specific case of Italy, comparing the occurrence of pandemics, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions with the glacial history of the last millennium. We have found that the natural catastrophes concentrate in the periods of ice expansion in Europe, whereas the phenomena are in attenuation in the current phase of global warming. Such a behavior has influenced the economy of the country: in fact, a comparison with a reconstruction of the per capita Gross Domestic Product since 1310 shows that the periods of maximum economic expansion occurred during the deglaciation phases. This study has confirmed the general connection of the climate with a number of Earth processes and the difficulty to foresee its changes. Furthermore, the extension of the analysis at the world level for the last 2500 years has evidenced that different types of pandemics (plague, cholera and influenza) almost exclusively spread during the phases of glacial expansion.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6836
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0911
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Sage Publications
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  • 2
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    Italian seismicity and Vesuvius' eruptions synchronize on a quasi 60 year oscillation (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-01
    Electronic ISSN: 2333-5084
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 3
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    The Central Italy 2016–2017 seismic sequence: site response analysis based on seismological data in the Arquata del Tronto–Montegallo municipalities (2018)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-04-06
    Print ISSN: 1570-761X
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1456
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
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    Rapid Damage Scenario Assessment for Earthquake Emergency Management (2021)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-10
    Description: The rapid availability of reliable damage statistics, after the occurrence of a major earthquake, is an essential mitigation strategy to drive and support emergency intervention operations. Unfortunately, the latency in collecting and organizing actual damage information has a substantial impact on the efficiency of the initial phases of the intervention framework. To speedup preliminary management operations, a quick, although, coarse prediction of the expected damage is highly desirable. For this purpose, we have developed a system for rapid damage estimation. The system, presently implemented for the Friuli Venezia Giulia region, relies on the existing seismological monitoring infrastructure of the National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS), which is responsible for delivering earthquake alerts in northeastern Italy. In case of a major earthquake event, the predicted damage is automatically computed using the OpenQuake software engine by means of ad hoc structural exposure and fragility models developed for the region. Damage calculations rely on a combination of actual observed ground motion from the stations of the OGS seismological network and empirical prediction using the ShakeMaps software developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. The resulting damage scenario, aggregated at municipality level, is finally delivered to the control room of the regional civil protection in support of early intervention activities. Although, the system is presently still under active development, a number of experimental trials have confirmed the reliability and the usefulness of the proposed approach. We are confident that the current research will contribute in mitigating the impact of possible future damaging earthquakes by (1) guiding targeted postevent emergency interventions, (2) increasing the preparedness and response capacity of emergency teams and population through preparatory training activities, and (3) supporting the decision-making process during the recovery phase, hence enhancing resilience.
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Seismological Society of America
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  • 5
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    The OGS–Northeastern Italy Seismic and Deformation Network: Current Status and Outlook (2021)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-10
    Description: In this article, we describe the infrastructure developed and managed by the Italian National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics – OGS for the seismological and geodetic monitoring of northeastern Italy. The infrastructure was constituted in response to the ML 6.4 Friuli destructive earthquake of 1976, with the main mandate of supporting civil protection emergency activities. The OGS monitoring infrastructure is presently composed of a seismometric and a strong-motion network, complemented by a number of Global Navigation Satellite Systems stations, each delivering observational data in real time, which are collected and processed by the headquarters of the Center for Seismological Research of OGS in Udine. The OGS networks operate in close cooperation with Italian and international networks from neighboring countries, within the framework of the agreements for real-time data exchange, to obtain improved rapid earthquake location and magnitude estimations. Information regarding seismic events is released to the public through a dedicated web portal and, since 2013, through social media. Aside from the standard monitoring activities (〉30,000 events have been recorded since 1976), the OGS has progressively increased the number of services to the public and to the Civil Protection of the Friuli Venezia Giulia and Veneto regions. The high availability of good quality data has resulted in the enhancement of scientific products, including advanced seismological studies of the area, spanning broadly from seismic source characterization to engineering seismology. In the future, the OGS networks are expected to further contribute to the development of seismological research and monitoring infrastructures of the Central European region.
    Print ISSN: 0895-0695
    Electronic ISSN: 1938-2057
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Seismological Society of America
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  • 6
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    Time-invariance and geographical divide of earthquake mortality in Italy since 1800 (2020)
    Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-29
    Description: We considered the mortality data of the earthquakes which occurred in Italy since 1800 and investigated their spatial-temporal characteristics. For this purpose, we developed a log-linear regression model relating the number of deaths to the magnitude of the earthquakes and analyzed the distribution of the residuals from the model. We found that, for fixed magnitude, the mortality of the earthquakes of the last decades is almost identical to that of the 19th century despite the fact that the population is decreasing in the small municipalities with high seismic hazard. There is also a geographical divide: for the same magnitude, an earthquake in southern Italy causes 2.9 times the number of victims than in northern Italy. The gap is partially justified by the higher population density in the seismic areas of southern Italy, while it does not seem to depend on seismological factors (seismic source, regional attenuation and site effects). The north/south divide increases to a factor of 8.3 for the earthquakes occurring between 00:00 and 05:00 a.m., when most people are sleeping and rely almost entirely on the strength of their houses for survival. We suggest that differences in the quality and maintenance level of the residential buildings are the primary factors determining this geographic divide, supported by data from a survey taken in 1934 and from the last general national census of 2011. Our results indicate that the situation of residential buildings in Italy requires a strict application of the seismic regulations as well as their extension to stimulate the correct maintenance and retrofitting of the existing buildings.
    Print ISSN: 1593-5213
    Electronic ISSN: 2037-416X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
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  • 7
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    Real time seismic monitoring in South-Central Europe: data sharing, cooperation and improvements of the OGS NI Seismic Network (2011)
    CTBTO
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche (CRS, Seismological Research Center) of the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS, Italian National Institute for Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics) in Udine (Italy) after the strong earthquake of magnitude Mw=6.4 occurred in 1976 in the Italian Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, started to operate the North-eastern Italy (NI) Seismic Network: it currently consists of 13 very sensitive broad band and 21 simpler short period seismic stations, all telemetered to and acquired in real time at the OGS-CRS data centre in Udine. Real time data exchange agreements in place with neighbouring Italian, Slovenian, Austrian and Swiss seismological institutes lead to a total number of 94 seismic stations acquired in real time, which makes the OGS the reference institute for seismic monitoring of North-eastern Italy. Since 2002 OGS-CRS is using the Antelope software suite on a SUN SPARC cluster as the main tool for collecting, analyzing, archiving and exchanging seismic data, initially in the framework of the EU Interreg IIIA project “Trans-national seismological networks in the South-Eastern Alps”. At OGS-CRS we spent a considerable amount of efforts in improving the long-period performances of the broad-band seismic stations, either by carrying out full re-installations and/or applying thermal insulations to the seismometers: the example of the new PRED broad-band seismic station installation in the cave tunnel of Cave del Predil using a Quanterra Q330HR high resolution digitizer and a Streckeisen STS-2 broad-band seismometer will be illustrated. Efforts have been also put in strengthening the reliability of data links, either from stations to data centre by exploring the use of redundant satellite/radio/GPRS links, and between different data centres by exploiting the usage of the Antelope “orbxchange” module. An example of the usage of the “orbxchange” module in acquiring data from the seismic station of Acomizza (ACOM) at the border between Austria and Italy in both OGS in Italy and ZAMG in Austria data centres will be presented.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna (Austria)
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic monitoring ; OGS ; South-Central Europe ; data sharing ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 8
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    OGS improvements in 2012 in running the Northeastern Italy Seismic Network: the Ferrara VBB borehole seismic station (2013)
    Copernicus Meetings
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: The Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche (CRS, Seismological Research Center) of the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS, Italian National Institute for Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics) in Udine (Italy) after the strong earthquake of magnitude M=6.4 occurred in 1976 in the Italian Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, started to operate the Northeastern Italy Seismic Network: it currently consists of 17 very sensitive broad band and 18 simpler short period seismic stations, all telemetered to and acquired in real time at the OGS-CRS data center in Udine. Real time data exchange agreements in place with other Italian, Slovenian, Austrian and Swiss seismological institutes lead to a total number of about 100 seismic stations acquired in real time, which makes the OGS the reference institute for seismic monitoring of Northeastern Italy. The southwestern edge of the OGS seismic network stands on the Po alluvial basin: earthquake localization and characterization in this area is affected by the presence of soft alluvial deposits. OGS ha already experience in running a local seismic network in high noise conditions making use of borehole installations in the case of the micro-seismicity monitoring of a local gas storage site for a private company. Following the ML=5.9 earthquake that struck the Emilia region around Ferrara in Northern Italy on May 20, 2012 at 02:03:53 UTC, a cooperation of Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, OGS, the Comune di Ferrara and the University of Ferrara lead to the reinstallation of a previously existing very broad band (VBB) borehole seismic station in Ferrara. The aim of the OGS intervention was on one hand to extend its real time seismic monitoring capabilities toward South-West, including Ferrara and its surroundings, and on the other hand to evaluate the seismic response at the site. We will describe improvements in running the Northeastern Italy Seismic Network, including details of the Ferrara VBB borehole station configuration and installation, with first results.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna, Austria
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: open
    Keywords: VBB ; borehole ; seismic station ; Ferrara ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 9
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    Acquiring, archiving, analyzing and exchanging seismic data in real time at the Seismological Research Center of the OG S in Italy: an updated view (2010)
    European Seismological Commission 32nd General Assembly
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche (CRS, Seismological Research Center) of the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS, Italian National Institute for Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics) in Udine (Italy) after the strong earthquake (magnitude M=6.4) occurred in 1976 in the Italian Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, started to operate the North-east Italy (NI) seismic network: it currently consists of 11 very sensitive broad band and 22 more simple short period seismic stations, all telemetered to and acquired in real time at the OGS-CRS data center in Udine. Real time data exchange agreements in place with other Italian, Slovenian, Austrian and Swiss seismological institutes lead to a total number of 90 seismic stations acquired in real time, which makes the OGS the reference institute for seismic monitoring of Northeastern Italy. Since 2002 OGS-CRS is using the Antelope software suite as the main tool for collecting, analyzing, archiving and exchanging seismic data in the framework of the EU Interreg IIIA project “ Trans-national seismological networks in the South-Eastern Alps”. SeisComP is also used as a real time data exchange server tool. At OGS-CRS we then adapted existing programs and created new ones like: a customized web-accessible server to manually relocate earthquakes, a script for automatic moment tensor determination, scripts for web publishing of earthquake parametric data, waveforms, state of health parameters and shaking maps, noise characterization by means of automatic spectra analysis, plus scripts for mail/SMS/fax alerting. A new OGS-CRS real time web site has also been recently designed and made operative in the framework of the Italian P C-INGV S3 P roject.
    Description: Published
    Description: Montpellier (France)
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic data ; real time ; Acquiring ; archiving ; analyzing ; exchanging ; OGS ; Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche ; Antelope ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 10
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    Improving the seismic monitoring of North-eastern Italy: the state of the art of the North-eastern Italy (NI) Seismic Network run by OGS (2011)
    EGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche (CRS, Seismological Research Center) of the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS, Italian National Institute for Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics) in Udine (Italy) after the strong earthquake of magnitude Mw=6.4 occurred in 1976 in the Italian Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, started to operate the North-eastern Italy (NI) Seismic Network: it currently consists of 12 very sensitive broad band and 21 simpler short period seismic stations, all telemetered to and acquired in real time at the OGS-CRS data center in Udine. Real time data exchange agreements in place with other Italian, Slovenian, Austrian and Swiss seismological institutes lead to a total number of 93 seismic stations acquired in real time, which makes the OGS the reference institute for seismic monitoring of North-eastern Italy. Since 2002 OGS-CRS is using the Antelope software suite on a SUN SPARC cluster as the main tool for collecting, analyzing, archiving and exchanging seismic data, initially in the framework of the EU Interreg IIIA project “Trans-national seismological networks in the South-Eastern Alps”. SeisComP is also used as a real time data exchange server tool. In order to improve the seismological monitoring of the North-eastern Italy area, at OGS-CRS we tuned existing programs and created ad hoc ones like: a customized web server named PickServer to manually relocate earthquakes, a script for automatic moment tensor determination, scripts for web publishing of earthquake parametric data, waveforms, state of health parameters and shaking maps, noise characterization by means of automatic spectra analysis, and last but not least scripts for email/SMS/fax alerting. A new OGS-CRS real time seismological website (http://rts.crs.inogs.it/) has also been operative since more than one year in the framework of the Italian DPC-INGV S3 Project: the website shows classic earthquake locations parametric data plus shakemap and moment tensor information; recently also daily PSD quality check of seismic stations plots have been added. At OGS-CRS we also spent a considerable amount of efforts in improving the long-period performances of broadband seismic stations, either by carrying out full re-installations and/or applying thermal insulations to the seismometers: the example of the new PRED broad band seismic station installation in the cave tunnel of Cave del Predil using a Quanterra Q330HR high resolution digitizer and a Sterckeisen STS-2 broadband seismometer will be illustrated. Efforts have been put also in strengthening the reliability of data links, exploring the use of redundant satellite/radio/GPRS links.
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna (Austria)
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic monitoring ; Northeastern Italy ; real time ; OGS ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Abstract
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