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  • 1
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    A quasi-coaxial HV rolled pulse forming line (2018)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 2
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    Soliton-dependent plasmon reflection at bilayer graphene domain walls (2016)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-23
    Description: Nature Materials 15, 840 (2016). doi:10.1038/nmat4653 Authors: Lili Jiang, Zhiwen Shi, Bo Zeng, Sheng Wang, Ji-Hun Kang, Trinity Joshi, Chenhao Jin, Long Ju, Jonghwan Kim, Tairu Lyu, Yuen-Ron Shen, Michael Crommie, Hong-Jun Gao & Feng Wang Layer-stacking domain walls in bilayer graphene are emerging as a fascinating one-dimensional system that features stacking solitons structurally and quantum valley Hall boundary states electronically. The interactions between electrons in the 2D graphene domains and the one-dimensional domain-wall solitons can lead to further new quantum phenomena. Domain-wall solitons of varied local structures exist along different crystallographic orientations, which can exhibit distinct electrical, mechanical and optical properties. Here we report soliton-dependent 2D graphene plasmon reflection at different 1D domain-wall solitons in bilayer graphene using near-field infrared nanoscopy. We observe various domain-wall structures in mechanically exfoliated graphene bilayers, including network-forming triangular lattices, individual straight or bent lines, and even closed circles. The near-field infrared contrast of domain-wall solitons arises from plasmon reflection at domain walls, and exhibits markedly different behaviours at the tensile- and shear-type domain-wall solitons. In addition, the plasmon reflection at domain walls exhibits a peculiar dependence on electrostatic gating. Our study demonstrates the unusual and tunable coupling between 2D graphene plasmons and domain-wall solitons.
    Print ISSN: 1476-1122
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4660
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
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    A multi-functional high voltage experiment apparatus for vacuum surface flashover switch research (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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    Publication Date: 2015-04-09
    Description: A multifunctional high voltage apparatus for experimental researches on surface flashover switch and high voltage insulation in vacuum has been developed. The apparatus is composed of five parts: pulse generating unit, axial field unit, radial field unit, and two switch units. Microsecond damped ringing pulse with peak-to-peak voltage 800 kV or unipolar pulse with maximum voltage 830 kV is generated, forming transient axial or radial electrical field. Different pulse waveforms and field distributions make up six experimental configurations in all. Based on this apparatus, preliminary experiments on vacuum surface flashover switch with different flashover dielectric materials have been conducted in the axial field unit, and nanosecond pulse is generated in the radial field unit which makes a pulse transmission line in the experiment. Basic work parameters of this kind of switch such as lifetime, breakdown voltage are obtained.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 4
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    Genes, Vol. 10, Pages 827: Comparative Study of Gut Microbiota in Wild and Captive Giant Pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Genes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Captive breeding has been used as an effective approach to protecting endangered animals but its effect on the gut microbiome and the conservation status of these species is largely unknown. The giant panda is a flagship species for the conservation of wildlife. With integrated efforts including captive breeding, this species has been recently upgraded from “endangered” to “vulnerable” (IUCN 2016). Since a large proportion (21.8%) of their global population is still captive, it is critical to understand how captivity changes the gut microbiome of these pandas and how such alterations to the microbiome might affect their future fitness and potential impact on the ecosystem after release into the wild. Here, we use 16S rRNA (ribosomal RNA) marker gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics sequencing to demonstrate that the fecal microbiomes differ substantially between wild and captive giant pandas. Fecal microbiome diversity was significantly lower in captive pandas, as was the diversity of functional genes. Additionally, captive pandas have reduced functional potential for cellulose degradation but enriched metabolic pathways for starch metabolism, indicating that they may not adapt to a wild diet after being released into the wild since a major component of their diet in the wild will be bamboo. Most significantly, we observed a significantly higher level of amylase activity but a lower level of cellulase activity in captive giant panda feces than those of wild giant pandas, shown by an in vitro experimental assay. Furthermore, antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors, as well as heavy metal tolerance genes were enriched in the microbiomes of captive pandas, which raises a great concern of spreading these genes to other wild animals and ecosystems when they are released into a wild environment. Our results clearly show that captivity has altered the giant panda microbiome, which could have unintended negative consequences on their adaptability and the ecosystem during the reintroduction of giant pandas into the wild.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4425
    Topics: Biology
    Published by MDPI
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  • 5
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    Non-Hermitian Kitaev chain with complex on-site potentials (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2016-08-24
    Description: Author(s): Qi-Bo Zeng, Baogang Zhu, Shu Chen, L. You, and Rong Lü We investigate non-Hermitian Kitaev chains in which imaginary potentials are added to all or only the two end lattice sites to represent the physical gain and loss during their interacting processes with the environment. By analyzing the energy eigenvalues of the non-Hermitian Hamiltonians both anal… [Phys. Rev. A 94, 022119] Published Tue Aug 23, 2016
    Keywords: Fundamental concepts
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society (APS)
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  • 6
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    The evolution of the gut microbiota in the giant and the red pandas (2015)
    Springer Nature
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    Publication Date: 2015-05-19
    Description: The independent dietary shift from carnivore to herbivore with over 90% being bamboo in the giant and the red pandas is of great interests to biologists. Although previous studies have shown convergent evolution of the giant and the red pandas at both morphological and molecular level, the evolution of the gut microbiota in these pandas remains largely unknown. The goal of this study was to determine whether the gut microbiota of the pandas converged due to the same diet, or diverged. We characterized the fecal microbiota from these two species by pyrosequencing the 16S V1–V3 hypervariable regions using the 454 GS FLX Titanium platform. We also included fecal samples from Asian black bears, a species phylogenetically closer to the giant panda, in our analyses. By analyzing the microbiota from these 3 species and those from other carnivores reported previously, we found the gut microbiotas of the giant pandas are distinct from those of the red pandas and clustered closer to those of the black bears. Our data suggests the divergent evolution of the gut microbiota in the pandas. Scientific Reports 5 doi: 10.1038/srep10185
    Electronic ISSN: 2045-2322
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 7
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    Mechanism and influencing factors on critical pulse width of oil-immersed polymer insulators under short pulses (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-29
    Description: The critical pulse width ( τ c ) is a pulse width at which the surface flashover threshold ( E f ) is equal to the bulk breakdown threshold ( E BD ) for liquid-polymer composite insulation systems, which is discovered by Zhao et al. [ Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society, Shenzhen, China, 2013), Vol. 2, pp. 854–857]. In this paper, the mechanism of τ c is interpreted in perspective of the threshold and the time delay ( t d ) of surface flashover and bulk breakdown, respectively. It is found that two changes appear as the pulse width decreases which are responsible for the existence of τ c : (1) E BD is lower than E f ; (2) t d of bulk breakdown is shorter than t d of surface flashover. In addition, factors which have influences on τ c are investigated, such as the dielectric type, the insulation length, the dielectric thickness, the dielectrics configuration, the pulse number, and the liquid purity. These influences of factors are generalized as three types if τ c is expected to increase: (1) factors causing E BD to decrease, such as increasing the pulse number or employing a dielectric of lower E BD ; (2) factors causing E f to increase, such as complicating the insulator's configuration or increasing the liquid purity; (3) factors causing E BD and E f to increase together, but E f increases faster than E BD , such as decreasing the dielectric thickness or the insulation length. With the data in references, all the three cases are verified experimentally. In the end, a general method based on τ c for solid insulation design is presented and the significance of τ c on solid insulation design and on solid demolition are discussed.
    Print ISSN: 1070-664X
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7674
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 8
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    A large-dynamic-range current probe for microsecond pulsed vacuum breakdown research (2015)
    American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-01-17
    Description: A large-dynamic-range current probe for microsecond pulsed vacuum breakdown research is fabricated. The basic principle of this probe is to turn the current signal to a voltage one via a load of fixed impedance and to test the voltage signal via a voltage divider of adjustable voltage ratio. With a segment of 40-Ω coaxial line, which is connected to the experimental chamber, and a self-fabricated two-stage resistor-capacitor voltage divider, the current probe is realized and is applied to test the vacuum breakdown current for 3-cm parallel-plate electrodes under microsecond pulses. The results show that the current probe is capable of responding to current signals with an amplitude of 10 −2 -10 3 A and a duration of 10 −2 -10 1 μ s. Based on the current probe, the characteristics of the vacuum breakdown current under 30- μ s quasi-sinusoidal pulses are summarized. The potential mechanisms for each type of current are also discussed in this paper.
    Print ISSN: 0034-6748
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7623
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics (AIP)
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  • 9
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    Genes, Vol. 10, Pages 487: The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Platysternon megacephalum peguense and Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis (2019)
    MDPI
    In: Genes
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Platysternon megacephalum is the only living representative species of Platysternidae and only three subspecies remain: P. m. megalorcephalum, P. m. shiui, and P. m. peguense. However, previous reports implied that P. m. peguense has distinct morphological and molecular features. The characterization of the mitogenome has been accepted as an efficient means of phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis. Hence, this study first determined the complete mitogenome of P. m. peguense with the aim to identify the structure and variability of the P. m. peguense mitogenome through comparative analysis. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationship of the three subspecies was tested. Based on different tRNA gene loss and degeneration of these three subspecies, their rearrangement pathways have been inferred. Phylogenetic analysis showed that P. m. peguense is a sister group to (P. m. megalorcephalum and P. m. shiui). Furthermore, the divergence time estimation of these three subspecies coincided with the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. This study shows that the genetic distances between P. m. peguense and the other two subspecies are comparable to interspecific genetic distances, for example within Mauremys. In general, this study provides new and meaningful insights into the evolution of the three Platysternidae subspecies.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4425
    Topics: Biology
    Published by MDPI
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  • 10
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    Sustainability, Vol. 11, Pages 2060: A Dynamic Strategy for Home Pick-Up Service with Uncertain Customer Requests and Its Implementation (2019)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: In this paper, a home service problem is studied, where a capacitated vehicle collects customers’ parcels in one pick-up tour. We consider a situation where customers, who have scheduled their services in advance, may call to cancel their appointments, and customers, who do not have appointments, also need to be visited if they request for services as long as the capacity is allowed. To handle those changes that occurred over the tour, a dynamic strategy will be needed to guide the vehicle to visit customers in an efficient way. Aimed at minimizing the vehicle’s total expected travel distance, we model this problem as a multi-dimensional Markov Decision Process (MDP) with finite exponential scale state space. We exactly solve this MDP via dynamic programming, where the computing complexity is exponential. In order to avoid complexity continually increasing, we aim to develop a fast looking-up method for one already-examined state’s record. Although generally this will result in a huge waste of memory, by exploiting critical structural properties of the state space, we obtain an O ( 1 ) looking-up method without any waste of memory. Computational experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our model and the developed solution method. For larger instances, two well-performed heuristics are proposed.
    Electronic ISSN: 2071-1050
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by MDPI
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