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  • 1
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    Taxes and Employment Subsidies in Optimal Redistribution Programs (2009)
    American Economic Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-02-01
    Description: This paper explores how to optimally set taxes and transfers when taxation authorities are uninformed about individuals' value of time in both market and nonmarket activities; and can observe both market-income and time allocated to market employment. We show that optimal redistribution in this environment involves a cutoff wage whereby workers above the cutoff are taxed as they increase their income, while workers earning a wage below the cutoff receive an income supplement as they increase their income. Finally, we show that the optimal program transfers zero income to individuals who choose not to work. (JEL D31, H21, H23, H24)
    Print ISSN: 0002-8282
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-7981
    Topics: Economics
    Published by American Economic Association
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical-Level Utilitarianism and the Population-Ethics Dilemma (1997)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Economics and philosophy 13 (1997), S. 197-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 0266-2671
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Philosophy , Economics
    Notes: Advances in technology have made it possible for us to take actions that affect the numbers and identities of humans and other animals that will live in the future. Effective and inexpensive birth control, child allowances, genetic screening, safe abortion, in vitro fertilization, the education of young women, sterilization programs, environmental degradation and war all have these effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S026626710000448X
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation of Efficiency Indices (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of productivity analysis 12 (1999), S. 5-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0441
    Keywords: Aggregation ; Technical efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Measurement of technical efficiency is carried out at many levels of aggregation—at the individual branch, plant, division, or district level; at the company- or organization-wide level; at the industry or sectoral level; or at the economy-wide level. In this paper, we examine the conditions under which these indexes constructed at various levels of aggregation can be consistent with one another—that is, the extent to which efficiency indexes can be consistently aggregated. Unfortunately, our results are discouraging, indicating that very strong restrictions on the technology and/or the efficiency index itself are required to enable consistent aggregation (or disaggregation).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007848122559
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-stage budgeting: An extension of Gorman's theorem (1997)
    Springer
    Economic theory 9 (1997), S. 185-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0479
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Summary This note extends Gorman's [1959] classic result on two-stage budgeting to encompass the two-group cases that he assumed away. The proof, which exploits unpublished and recently published results not available to Gorman in 1959, makes it apparent that the entire structure needed for two-stage budgeting is, in fact, imbedded in the two-group case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213453
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-stage budgeting: An extension of Gorman’s theorem⋆ (1996)
    Springer
    Economic theory 9 (1996), S. 185-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0479
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Summary. This note extends Gorman’s [1959] classic result on two-stage budgeting to encompass the two-group cases that he assumed away. The proof, which exploits unpublished and recently published results not available to Gorman in 1959, makes it apparent that the entire structure needed for two-stage budgeting is, in fact, imbedded in the two-group case.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01213453
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Economies with a two-sector representation (1993)
    Springer
    Economic theory 3 (1993), S. 717-734 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0479
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Summary In both theoretical and empirical research it is a common practice to partition the economy into (at least) two sectors in order to conduct partial-equilibrium analysis. One merely hopes that general-equilibrium consequences will not obviate all of the analysis of the sector or market in question. In this paper we consider market demand functions which have a two-sector representation. In such economies the aggregate compensated demands in any one sector depend only on prices in that sector, the vector of utilities, and a scalar aggregate which in turn may depend upon everything. In particular, prices in the other sector appear only through this aggregate. In a single-consumer economy this division into two sectors carries with it no further implications. However, when there are three or more consumers, economies with a two-sector representation, which may contain public as well as private goods, must fall into a small number of broad classes which are quite restrictive. This means that the two-sector assumption is far less innocuous than one might have previously believed and that there are some phenomena which simply cannot be investigated in this framework.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01210267
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Uncertainty and critical-level population principles (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 11 (1998), S. 1-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: D63 ; D71 ; D81 ; Key words: Population ethics ; uncertainty ; critical levels
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper analyzes variable-population social-evaluation principles in a framework where outcomes are uncertain. We provide characterizations of expected-utility versions of critical-level generalized utilitarian rules. These principles evaluate lotteries over possible states of the world on the basis of the sum of the expected values of differences between transformed utility levels and a transformed critical level, conditional on the agents‘ being alive in the states under consideration. Equivalently, the critical-level utilitarian value functions applied to weighted individual expected utilities can be employed. Weights are determined by the anonymity axiom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050055
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Critical levels and the (reverse) repugnant conclusion (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 67 (1998), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Keywords: population ethics ; repugnant conclusion ; critical levels ; D63
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract It is well-known that there is a trade-off among the properties of population principles that are used to make social evaluations when the number of people in the society under consideration may vary. The commonly used principles either lead to the repugnant conclusion (which is the case for classical utilitarianism), or they violate the Pareto-plus principle and related properties (average utilitarianism is an example of such a principle). This paper examines the nature of this trade-off and shows that the incompatibility between avoiding the repugnant conclusion and the Pareto-plus principle is fundamental and not restricted to the commonly used population principles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01227760
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Normative population theory (1991)
    Springer
    Social choice and welfare 8 (1991), S. 261-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-217X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Conclusion We have shown, contrary to the claims of Cowen, that average and critical-level utilitarianism, which do not suffer from the repugnant conclusion, do not recommend the killing of people with low but positive utilities. We have shown, in addition, that Methuselah's paradox and the repugnant conclusion do not stem from preferences that are represented by additive utility functions. Further, we have shown that Cowen's ideal participant method suffers from the repugnant conclusion. We believe that Parfit's [4] criticism of classical utilitarianism — that it satisfies the repugnant conclusion — should be taken seriously. That suggests that the ideal participant method should be rejected (along with classical utilitarianism) as a reasonable solution to the optimal population problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177664
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quasi-orderings and population ethics (1996)
    Springer
    Social choice and welfare 13 (1996), S. 129-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-217X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Population ethics contains several principles that avoid the repugnant conclusion. These rules rank all possible alternatives, leaving no room for moral ambiguity. Building on a suggestion of Parfit, this paper characterizes principles that provide incomplete but ethically attractive rankings of alternatives with different population sizes. All of them rank same-number alternatives with generalized utilitarianism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00183348
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