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  • 1
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    Sense of Coherence (SOC) Among Psychotherapists in Austria, Differentiated According to Number of Individually Completed Training Therapy Sessions (2006)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-01
    Description: The sense of coherence (according Aaron Antonovsky, 1923—1994, when a persons sense that his/her own life and the world are sufficiently comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful) of Austrian psychotherapists was assessed and compared with a standard sample, as well as with the sense of coherence (SOC) of members of other professions. In addition, the question as to whether psychotherapists who had completed more extensive individual training therapy/self-awareness sessions had a higher SOC than do those with fewer, was addressed. Forty psychotherapists who worked in private practices and various psychosocial health care institutions in Styria, Austria took part in the study. The investigation was conducted in the form of a questionnaire assessment. The evaluation showed that the overall SOC value of the professional group in question was significantly higher than that of the standard sample (162.3 vs. 145.7), as well as other samples (physicians: SOC = 153.8; teachers: SOC = 156.1; physiotherapists SOC = 158.1). Concerning whether psychotherapists who had completed more individual training therapy/self-awareness sessions had higher SOC values than did those with fewer, we found no difference in regard to the overall SOC score or SOC scores for individual components. The SOC of psychotherapists did not seem to depend on the number of additional training therapy/self-awareness sessions.
    Print ISSN: 2356-6140
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-744X
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gloeosporone - A Macrolide Fungal Germination Self-Inhibitor Total Synthesis and Activity (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1989 (1989), S. 1233-1240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Gloeosporone ; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ; 4-Pentynoic acid ; Oxidation, alkyne → 1,2-diketone ; 23Na NMR ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Gloeosporon - Ein Pilzkeimungs-Selbsthemmer mit Macrolidstruktur. - Totalsynthese und AktivitätAusgehend von (S)- oder (R)-4-Brom-1,2-epoxybutan [kommerziell erhältlich oder leicht und in hoher Ausbeute aus (S)- bzw. (R)- Apfelsäure zugänglich] wurden die beiden Enantiomeren des Keimungs-Selbstinhibitors Gloeosporon hergestellt. Die absolute Konfiguration des Naturstoffes wurde damit als 4S,7R,13R bewiesen. Mikrobiologische Tests zeigen, daß beide Enantiomere von Gloeosporon die Keimungshemmung der Sporen von Colletotrichum gloeosporioides bewirken, und daß (-)-Gloeosporon gegenüber einer Reihe von anderen Pilzen aktiv ist. Zur Aufklärung des Wirkungsmechanismus wurden 23Na-NMR- sowie Ionenselektivitätsmessungen durchgeführt; es konnten keine Gloeosporon-Metallion-Wechselwirkungen nachgewiesen werden.
    Notes: Starting with (S)- or (R)-4-Bromo-1,2-epoxybutane [commercially available or readily made from (S)- or (R)-malic acid], both enantiomers of the germination self-inhibitor gloeosporone were synthesized. The absolute configuration of the natural product was thus proven to be 4S,7R,13R. Microbiological studies showed that both enantiomers of the compound cause inhibition of germination in spores of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and that (-)-gloeosporone is also active against a variety of other fungi. In order to gain some insight into the mode of action, 23Na NMR measurements and ion-selectivity studies were undertaken; none of these experiments provided evidence for a gloeosporone-metal ion interaction.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198919890294
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EPC-synthesis and fungistatic activity of a gloeosporone analog with an ω-hydroxybutyl instead of the pentyl side chain on the macrocyclic ring (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1990 (1990), S. 1007-1012 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Gloeosporone, analog of ; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ; Oxidation, alkyne → 1,2-diketone ; Antifungal agent ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (+)-5′-Oxa-gloeosporone (2), an analog of the natural germination self-inhibitor (-)-gloeosporone (1), is synthesized, largely following our previously published route to the parent compound. Thus, the hydroxybutyl side chain of 2 was introduced by hydroboration of a butenyl group (→ 14) which had been carried along throughout the synthesis up to the stage of the 14-membered yne-lactone 13. Silyl protection (→ 15), oxidation of the acetylene to a 1,2-diketone moiety (→ 16), and deprotection with spontaneous intramolecular hemiacetal formation completed the synthesis of (+)-2. The (+)-oxa-gloeosporone 2 exhibits an in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity spectrum with 14 microorganisms very similar to both the natural (1) and the unnatural enantiomer (ent-1) of gloeosporone, indicating that neither the sense of chirality nor the side-chain structure is important for the mode of action.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.1990199001182
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