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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamine levels in relation to growth and NaCl concentration in normal and habituated sugarbeet callus cultures (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The concentrations of putrescine, spermidine and spermine, the only polyamines detectable in normal and habituated calli of Beta vulgaris L. ssp. altissima, were much higher in the habituated callus than the normal callus, irrespective of experimental conditions. These results suggest that, in normal (tolerant to NaCl) and habituated (sensitive to NaCl) calli, there exists a competition for the common precursor of ethylene and polyamine biosynthesis viz. S-adenosylmethionine. A disequilibrium favouring the synthesis of putrescine and spermidine in the habituated callus might be linked to structural deterioration of the cell membrane following extended culture or severe osmotic stress (68 mol m−1 NaCl). The maintenance of membrane integrity by the normal callus coincides with ethylene production at the expense of polyamine synthesis. In contrast to the habituated callus, the salinity tolerance of the normal callus is accompanied by the accumulation of proline under hypersaline conditions (274mol m−3). The important osmoregulatory role played by quaternary ammonium compounds in the-aerial parts of Chenopodiaceae, especially the sugarbeet, is not observed in the calli, these compounds being found in very low concentrations in saline conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1991.tb01508.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contribution of ornithine aminotransferase to proline accumulation in NaCl-treated radish cotyledons (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Light-grown cotyledons of radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv National) subjected to increasing NaCI concentrations displayed a dose-dependent accumulation of proline at the beginning of their differentiation. Neither erythromycin nor DCMU significantly affected the salt-induced proline accumulation, which suggests that plastids may not be involved in proline synthesis. Gabaculine has been shown previously to be a powerful and irreversible inhibitor of ornithine aminotransferase [Hervieu et al. (1993) Phyto-chemistry 34, 231–234]. This inhibitor applied in vivo at a very low concentration (1 mmol m−3) reduced considerably the salt-induced proline accumulation of radish cotyledons. These results indicate that the ornithine pathway contributes, via an increase of ornithine aminotransferase activity, to proline synthesis, as well as the glutamate pathway, in salt-treated cotyledons. The use of transcription and translation inhibitors revealed that the salt-induced increase in ornithine aminotransferase activity may proceed via an activation of the translation of preformed mRNAs. The pre-existing ornithine aminotransferase mRNAs in radish seeds may be an important adaptation to NaCI, leading to proline accumulation at the beginning of seedling growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00354.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific and constitutive expression of oxalate oxidase during the ageing of leaf sheaths of ryegrass stubble (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Changes in the activity of oxalate oxidase (OxO) and of the concentrations of oxalate and H2O2 were investigated during the ageing of leaf sheaths of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) stubble. The accumulation of H2O2 during ageing coincides with the increases of both oxalate level and OxO activity. Western and Northern blot analyses using protein and RNA extracts of the different categories of leaf sheaths suggested that OxO gene expression, as well as Ca-oxalate synthesis, are crucial events of ageing for leaf sheaths. Immunocytochemistry experiments have revealed that OxO, which is an extracellular enzyme, is nearly always present in the parenchymatous cells surrounding the vascular bundles and in the cells of the lower epidermis. Overall, results suggest that in ryegrass that synthesizes both Ca-oxalate and OxO, the production of H2O2 and Ca2+ during ageing of stubble might be involved in the constitutive defences against pathogens, thus allowing the phloem mobilization of nutrient reserves from the leaf sheaths towards elongating leaf bases of ryegrass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00757.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of water-stress on proline content and ornithine aminotransferase activity of radish cotyledons
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 37 (1994), S. 1227-1231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Cruciferae ; Raphanus sativus ; gabaculine ; ornithine aminotransferase ; proline ; radish seedlings ; water-stress.
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031-9422(00)90389-3
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of plant ornithine aminotransferase by gabaculine and 4-amino-5-hexynoic acid
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 34 (1993), S. 1231-1234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: 4-amino-5- hexynoic acid. ; Brassicaceae ; Raphanus sativus ; gabaculine ; ornithine aminotransferase ; ornithine metabolism
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0031-9422(91)80006-M
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of NaCl salinity in vivo and in vitro on ribonuclease activity in the halophyte Suaeda maritima (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 69 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Ribonuclease (EC 2.7.7.17) activity in the obligate halophyte Suaeda maritima (L.) Dum. var. macrocarpa Moq. was studied in relation to salinity (increasing concentrations of NaCl) of incubation and growth media. In vitro, the addition of 50 to 400 mM NaCl did not affect ribonuclease activity. This result, which was also found for Phaseolus vulgaris, indicates that the hydrolase is insensitive to high saline concentrations. The subcellular distribution of RNase activity did not change significantly with the salinity of the medium or with the age of the plant. The microsomal ribonuclease activity expressed on a fresh weight basis represented in every case less than 6% of the total activity. After 23 days of culture, the absence of salt stimulated the activity of soluble ribonuclease in aerial parts of Suaeda; inversely, the capacity of the enzyme was lower under optimal saline conditions (130 mM NaCl). This was also evidenced by transfer of whole plants from a non-saline to a saline medium. Such a saline shock caused a decrease followed by a stabilization of the capacity of ribonuclease from Suaeda. The influx of NaCl in the tissues lowered the activity of the hydrolase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1987.tb04296.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Caractérisation de la glutamate déshydrogénase chez un halophyte obligatoire: le Suaeda maritima var. macrocarpa (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 44 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Characterization of the glutamate dehydrogenase from an obligate halophyte: Suaeda maritima var. macrocarpaThe glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), E.C. 1.4.1.3, of the obligate halophyte Suaeda maritima (L.) Dum. var. macrocarpa Moq. has been studied. NaCl increase in the culturing solution (0 to 23 g NaCl/litre) lowers the specific activity but does not affect the kinetic characteristics of the enzyme collected after purification on G-25 Sephadex gel. In optimal conditions, GDH is activated by the addition of 25 mM NaCl in the incubation medium and inhibited with concentrations over 100 mM. The inhibitory activity of the salt induces both a modification of the affinity of the enzyme for substrate (competitive inhibition for ketoglutarate) and a modification of the catalytic potency (non-competitive inhibition with NADH and ammonium ion). It is suggested that NaCl has a depressing influence on GDH synthesis. There is a fundamental difference between its short time action (in vitro) versus its continuous effect in the culturing solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1978.tb01609.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    La glutamine synthètase du Suaeda maritima. Action in vivo et in vitro du NaCl (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 53 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The glutamine synthetase of Suaeda maritima. In vivo and in vitro action of NaCl Glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) was isolated and characterized from roots and aerial parts of the halophyte Suaeda maritima (L.) Dum. var. macrocarpa Moq. Km values of GS were identical in both types of organ and unchanged by the salinity in the medium. Addition of NaCl in the culturing solution increased the specific activity of the enzyme especially in the aerial parts, where GS is more abundant. This increase was all the more pronounced if the plant-salt contact period was extended (between 21 and 45 days). In vitro the addition of 0 to 500 mM of salt did not affect the activity of GS at satured substrate concentrations. At low glutamate concentrations in combination with 300 mM NaCl or more, a slight competitive inhibition was observed, never over 18%. – The remarkable insensibility of GS to salinity in vitro and the stimulating effect of NaCl in vivo on the synthesis of the leaf enzyme indicates that GS plays a fundamental part in the assimilation of NH4+ in the halophyte Suaeda maritima var. macrocarpa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1981.tb02751.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen nutrition in the estuarine zone: the case of Suaeda maritima var. macrocarpa (1985)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 62 (1985), S. 303-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Effects of NaCl ; Enzyme ; Halophyte ; Nitrogen metabolism ; Suaeda maritima
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Suaeda maritima L. var. macrocarpa is a halophytic species distributed in the lower parts of salt marshes of the French coasts. The influence of salinity on nitrogen nutrition and on levels of the key enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation is analyzed by growing Suaeda under experimental conditions. Use of 15N-labelled NO3 - and NH4 + shows that both ions are effective sources of inorganic nitrogen for Suaeda. The plant is found to use NH4 + ions with a good yield, chiefly at high salinities (up to 130 mM). Nitrate reduction and ammonium assimilation by the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase pathway occurs mainly in leaves when Suaeda is grown at optimal saline conditions (130 mM NaCl). Absence of NaCl creates less favourable conditions and lowers the activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase but leads to an important activity of glutamate dehydrogenase in roots. This enzyme could play a major role under suboptimal environmental conditions (i.e., absence of NaCl for Suaeda maritima).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044757
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gabaculine as a tool to investigate the polyamine biosynthesis pathway in habituated callus of Beta vulgaris (L.) (1993)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 13 (1993), S. 221-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: gabaculine ; nitrogen metabolism ; ornithine aminotransferase ; polyamines ; proline
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The polyamine content of a habituated callus of Beta vulgaris (L.) is strongly diminished after treatment with gabaculine, a potent inhibitor of ornithine aminotransferase. The inhibitory effect of gabaculine is reversed if ornithine is supplied. This result may indicate that proline catabolism provides ornithine for polyamine synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024265
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