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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-pressure hydrogenation of nitrile rubber: thermodynamics and kinetics (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry research 30 (1991), S. 1086-1092 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00054a003
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strength of thermoplastic elastomers from rubber-polyolefin blends (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 161-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The strength of different thermoplastic elastomers of varying compositions and interactions has been examined over a wide range of rates and temperatures and for a wide variety of test configurations. Fracture energy was calculated from various test specimens and found to be similar, and independent of the test configuration. Fracture energy values lie between 0.8 and 120kJm−2. The behaviour could be compared with that of rubbers. However, for a trouser-tear test piece, the fracture energy increases with increasing thickness of the torn path in the very small thickness region, as for the fracture of polyethylene. The fracture surface morphology of various composites indicates different mechanisms of crack propagation. The tensile rupture data over a wide range of rates and temperatures could be represented by a single parabolic curve — the “failure envelope”. The maximum elongation at break and tensile strength of the composites are related to the modulus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544202
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractographic investigation of tensile and fatigue fracture surfaces of rubber containing inhomogeneous inclusions (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 5 (1986), S. 1042-1044 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01730277
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation on the failure envelopes of carbon black-filled natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber vulcanizates (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1990), S. 1379-1382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00721589
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy studies of abraded rubber surfaces (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 1654-1660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The surfaces of polybutadiene rubber (BR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) subjected to different degrees of abrasion have been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the case of SBR it has been shown that abrasion begins with marks in the direction of rotation which are followed by fine ribbing and then by the formation of coarse, angular and prominent ridges. Prolonged abrasion produces folding and cavities on the surface. This change in abrasion mechanism has been explained as a result of heat build-up and high crack growth rate in SBR which occur beyond a certain stage. These help in softening the matrix and removing the surface. On the other hand, fractured surfaces of BR show that ridges begin to form at about 250 revolutions and there is no characteristic difference between the abraded surfaces at lower or higher degrees of abrasion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553979
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tear strength of elastomers over a range of rates, temperatures and crosslinking: tearing energy spectra (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 3927-3932 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Measurement of tear strength of polyphosphazene (PNF), polychloroprene (CR) and styrenebutadiene rubber (SBR) has been carried out over a wide range of rates, temperatures and crosslinking. Data on strength of PNF have been found to be superimposable on a single master curve with the help of the WLF shift factor, indicating that enhancement of strength at high rates or low temperatures arises from simple viscoelastic loss mechanisms. The master curve may be termed as tearing energy spectra for a particular crosslinking density. Master curves at different elastic modulii are not superimposable. Strength of PNF is also much lower than that of SBR at a similar degree of crosslinking. This shows that mass per chain atom, which was important for predicting threshold strength is equally important under non-equilibrium conditions. Tearing energy spectra of filled SBR has also been obtained with the help of restricted tearing tests. Strength values obtained at various temperatures and rates for CR are, however, not superimposable on a master curve even with the help of special tests such as: (a) by partial swelling, (b) by doubling the curing agents, or (c) by peeling two layers apart. This anomaly is attributed to strain-induced crystallization of neoprene rubber on a molecular level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553448
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ageing on critical cut length and morphology of fracture surface in tensile rupture of natural rubber (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 22 (1987), S. 4299-4306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Variation of tensile strength with flaw sizes has been studied both for unaged and aged natural rubber (NR) gum vulcanizates (aged up to 150° C). A precut of varying lengths is given at the centre of the tensile specimens. The morphology of the fracture surfaces has also been reported. A critical cut length is observed for NR vulcanizates. There is an increase in the critical cut length (l c) on ageing. The sharp fall of tensile strength at the critical cut length, however, gradually diminishes. On prolonged ageing, no critical cut length is observed. A mathematical model has been made to explain the behaviour of the critical cut length of NR with ageing time/temperature. Scanning electron microscopic studies support the prediction of Thomas, that there is a change in the mechanism of rupture above thel c. Below thel c. it is a cut growth process and fracture is originated from natural flaws/nicks and proceeds towards the precut at the centre. However, for samples with precut greater than thel c, the fracture is mainly a tearing phenomena initiating from the given precut. A quantative correlation between the tensile strength and the distance between crack lines/tear lines has been found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01132021
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of interaction promoter on the properties of thermoplastic elastomeric blends of natural rubber and polyethylene (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 2187-2194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The influence of a third component as interaction promoter on the properties of natural rubber-polyethylene thermoplastic blends, both uncured and cured, has been studied. The third component chosen has some structural similarity with polyethylene and is amorphous in nature. Ethylene propylene diene (EPDM) rubber, chlorinated polyethylene and chlorosulphonated polyethylene have been used as the third component. All the third components have better adhesion with the plastic phase and the rubber phase. The adhesive strength is highest with EPDM. The properties are improved by using the above third components both for cured and uncured blends. In comparing the properties, the strength of the composite is divided by the modulus of the composite to take care of the hard-phase contribution. The size of the dispersed domain is reduced by using the third component and is approximately 1.2 μm. All the properties could be explained in terms of the strengths of the individual phases, the morphology and the adhesion between components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01115787
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Micromechanism of failure of thermoplastic rubber (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 2985-2989 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The fracture surface morphology of various thermoplastic rubber and rubber vulcanizates based on natural rubber (NR), ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM), nitrile rubber (NBR), polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), namely NR-PE, NR-PP, EPDM-PE, EPDM-PP and NBR-PP, has been studied over a range of blend ratios, levels of interaction, rates, temperatures and modes of testing. The fracture surface changes with changes in blend ratio. Incorporation of a third component like EPDM or chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) to a certain percentage does not change the fracture morphology. Sulphur curing in the NR-PE blend generates a ductile matrix like rubber whereas large fissures are observed for peroxide-cured systems. Modification of both rubber and plastic also changes the surface morphology. The samples tested at various temperatures, rates and modes show similar features on the fracture surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584915
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy studies of abraded rubber surfaces (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 1654-1660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The surfaces of polybutadiene rubber (BR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) subjected to different degrees of abrasion have been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the case of SBR it has been shown that abrasion begins with marks in the direction of rotation which are followed by fine ribbing and then by the formation of coarse, angular and prominent ridges. Prolonged abrasion produces folding and cavities on the surface. This change in abrasion mechanism has been explained as a result of heat build-up and high crack growth rate in SBR which occur beyond a certain stage. These help in softening the matrix and removing the surface. On the other hand, fractured surfaces of BR show that ridges begin to form at about 250 revolutions and there is no characteristic difference between the abraded surfaces at lower or higher degrees of abrasion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02396884
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