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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An empirical model for coal fluidity based on a macromolecular network pyrolysis model (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Energy & fuels 6 (1992), S. 143-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5029
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef00032a005
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An FT-IR based instrument for measuring spectral emittance of material at high temperature (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3700-3708 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For surfaces at high temperature the emitted spectrum of electromagnetic radiation is the most convenient probe of temperature, if the spectral emittance (emissivity) of the sample at that temperature is known. A bench top instrument has been developed that, when coupled to a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, allows for the measurements of emission, directional-hemispherical reflection, and directional-hemispherical transmission from materials at elevated temperatures. From these radiative property measurements, the temperature at the measurement point and the spectral emittance of the surface can both be obtained. The method has been applied to a variety of materials (i.e., metals, dielectrics, coal slags) with a variety of surface properties (i.e., partially transmitting and nontransmitting; specularly reflecting and diffusely reflecting) at temperatures up to 2226 K. The article describes the technique, presents the results for several materials, and compares results with those for other investigators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141538
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toward improved temporal resolution in electron coincidence experiments (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 389-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The two major contributions to the time spread of electrons detected after energy analysis in coincidence techniques are from the angular spread in the spectrometers and energy dispersion. We describe a compensation technique for each of these contributions. To compensate for the angular spread we would couple the first hemispherical electron spectrometer with an identical one, by means of an electron lens with a magnification of −1. Compensation for the energy spread is possible because in the spectrometers faster electrons have longer transit times, while the opposite is the case for electrons in field-free space and in electron lenses. In each case there is a linear relationship between the time spread and the spread in kinetic energies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138310
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESTIMATING NATURAL MORTALITY RATE IN REPRODUCTIVELY ACTIVE FEMALE SOUTHERN RIGHT WHALES, EUBALAENA AUSTRALIS (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 14 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cow-calf pairs of southern right whales on the South African coast have been photographed in aerial surveys in October each year since 1979. In this paper 469 resightings of 177 individually identified cows photographed in the first six years of surveys have been analyzed in two ways to produce estimates of natural mortality rate. Both methods assume that all females calve either two, three, or four years after their previous calf. In Method A there is assumed to be no systematic trend with time in the probability of a female being photographed on each calving occasion. Natural logarithms of the numbers photographed 2-4, 5-7, 8-10, etc. yr after being first seen are regressed against time, the slope of which provides an estimate of natural mortality rate of 0.0255 ± 0.0071. The intercept value for this regression provides an estimate of the detection probability, or 0.769 ± 0.011. In Method B it is assumed that if a female has not been photographed for at least nine years then it is dead. Annual mortality estimates are obtained from the proportional reduction in the numbers of females known to be alive at each three-year interval after being first photographed, up to at least 6-8 yr from the present. Method B produces an estimate of natural mortality of 0.0260 ± 0.0190 (corrected to 0.0227 ± 0.0192 using the average detection probability). Both methods may be subject to various biases that tend to inflate estimates of natural mortality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1998.tb00759.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ASSESSMENT OF HETEROGENEITY IN SIGHTING PROBABILITIES OF HUMPBACK WHALES WITHIN VIEWING RANGE OF CAPE VIDAL, SOUTH AFRICA (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The migrations of humpback whales on the African east coast were monitored between 1988 and 1991 at Cape Vidal, South Africa. Shore-based surveys of the northward migration were undertaken each winter, and a survey of the southward migration was undertaken in 1990, from an approximately 60-m-high vantage point on a headland. Independent-observer surveys were carried out in both 1990 (22 d) and 1991 (51 d) to determine the proportion of the population within the survey area that were being missed by observers using a single mark-release model. Results were stratified into three distance intervals from the shore and three sighting condition intervals; there were constant sighting probabilities from the south tower under different sighting conditions, while those from the north tower increased slightly as sighting conditions improved. Sighting probabilities from both towers were highest in the intermediate distance interval and decreased in both the inshore and offshore regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1996.tb00588.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESTIMATES OF THE NUMBERS OF HUMPBACK WHALES OBSERVED MIGRATING PAST CAPE VIDAL, SOUTH AFRICA, 1988–1991 (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A recovery-monitoring program of the African east coast humpback whale population was carried out through shore-based visual surveys from Cape Vidal, northern Natal. Surveys of the northward migration were undertaken each winter from 1988 to 1991, and a survey of the southward migration was undertaken in 1990. Independent observer surveys were undertaken during June 1990 and during the entire 1991 survey. Hourly densities of groups sighted each day were adjusted for groups missed by observers with distance from the shore and under different sighting conditions. Densities were multiplied by 24 h and the mean group size of the survey year to give resulting daily densities of individuals, which were summed to provide totals of whales sighted during each year's survey. The best estimate of population size was 1,711 (made during the northward migration of 1990), although this is likely to be biased downwards by a proportion of the population passing outside of observers’view. Bootstrapping of the 1991 daily data resulted in CVs between 11.4% and 12.2%. The numbers sighted show the population to have undergone considerable recovery since protection in October 1963.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1996.tb00589.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CALCIUM RELEASE AND MEMBRANE VOLTAGE CHANGES WITHIN MUSCLE CELLS (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 307 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1978.tb41986.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stable isotopes in southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) baleen as indicators of seasonal movements, feeding and growth (1996)
    Springer
    Marine biology 124 (1996), S. 483-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ratios of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were examined in the baleen of 11 southern right whales originating from South Africa, including one neonate, six juveniles and four adults. Oscillations in carbon isotope ratios were marked, and indicated feeding north of or at the Subtropical Convergence (STC) alternating with feeding south of the STC. There was an inverse relationship in juveniles between the periodicity of the oscillations and the length of the baleen plate, indicating a reduction in baleen growth with age. The size of the periodicity predicted for the smallest juvenile plate was equivalent to the length of the baleen at 1 yr of age as estimated from the rate of baleen growth in calves, suggesting that the oscillations in carbon isotope ratios were annual events. On this assumption, the timing of the formation of the most recent carbon enrichment peak could be calculated for each individual, given the date of death and the rate of baleen growth in the preceding year; formation occurred over a period of 100 d from January to April (mean in February). A similar analysis indicated that valleys in the nitrogen isotope ratios were formed between January and June (mean in April), and enrichment peaks between August and May (mean in December). These patterns were not inconsistent with previous scenarios of southern right whale migration, if the enrichment peaks in carbon isotopes were taken to represent feeding just north of the STC, the subsequent decline in enrichment levels to represent feeding south of the STC in autumn, and the persistence of an isotopic signature characteristic of high latitude plankton throughout the winter and early spring to indicate that feeding essentially ceased when the northern migration began, and did not resume until the southern migration was under way. The oscillations in nitrogen isotope ratios would support this interpretation, if they were assumed to represent cycles of starvation and recovery. A comparison with baleen growth rates for bowhead whales allowed the ages of the six juveniles to be assessed. Their size at age, when compared to the lengths and growth rates of calves measured photogrammetrically, suggested that growth in body length of southern right whales slows markedly between weaning and 1 yr, and may be almost negligible from 1 to 4 yr of age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351030
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rediscovery of Fraser's Dolphin Lagenodelphis hosei (1973)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 241 (1973), S. 345-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] On January 27, 1971, at 5 N latitude, 95 45' W longitude (approximately 800 km west of Cocos Island in the eastern tropical Pacific), the catch of the seiner M/V Larry Roe included approximately twenty-five dolphins of a type unknown to the fishermen. A US National Marine Fisheries Service observer ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/241345a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Voltage-dependent action of tetrodotoxin in mammalian cardiac muscle (1976)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 263 (1976), S. 344-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Intracellular membrane action potentials were recorded from guinea pig papillary muscles by conventional microelectrode techniques, and the maximal upstroke velocities (Vmax) of the action potentials were differentiated electronically. The papillary muscles were mounted in a single sucrose gap ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/263344a0
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