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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Craze Formation Yield Stress and the So-Called Ductile-Brittle Transition in Glassy Polymers (1968)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 1 (1968), S. 190-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma60002a017
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Organic Agents in the Stress Crazing and Cracking of Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oixde) (1968)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 1 (1968), S. 393-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma60005a005
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Control of Floral Evocation and Morphogenesis (1988)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 39 (1988), S. 175-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-2519
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.39.060188.001135
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circadian rhythms and the induction of flowering in the long-day grass Lolium temulentum L. (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Plants of Lolium temulentum L. strain Ceres were grown in 8-h short day (SD) for 45 d before being exposed either to a single long day (LD) or to a single 8-h SD given during an extended dark period. For LD induction, the critical photoperiod was between 12 and 14 h, and more than 16 h were needed for a maximal flowering response. During exposure to a single 24-h LD, the translocation of the floral stimulus began between the fourteenth and the sixteenth hours after the start of the light period, and was completed by the twenty-fourth hour. Full flowering was also induced by one 8-h SD beginning 4 or 28 h after the start of a 40-h dark period, i.e. by shifting 12 h forward or beyond the usual SD. The effectiveness of a so-called ‘displaced short day’ (DSD) was not affected by light quality and light intensity. With a mixture of incandescent and fluorescent lights at a total photosynthetic photon flux density of 400 μmol m−2 s−1, a 4-h light exposure beginning 4 h after the start of a 40-h dark period was sufficient to induce 100% flowering. The flower-inducing effect of a single 8-h DSD was also assessed during a 64-h dark period. Results revealed two maxima at a 20-h interval. This fluctuation in light sensitivity suggests that a circadian rhythm is involved in the control of flowering of L. temulentum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1994.tb00168.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N content of phloem and xylem exudates during the transition to flowering in Sinapis alba and Arabidopsis thaliana (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 24 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The involvement of nitrogenous substances in the transition to flowering was investigated in Sinapis alba and Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia). Both species grown in short days (SD) are induced to flower by one long day (LD). In S. alba, the phloem sap (leaf and apical exudates) and the xylem sap (root exudate) were analysed in LD versus SD. In A. thaliana, only the leaf exudate could be analysed but an alternative system for inducing flowering without day-length extension was used: the displaced SD (DSD). Significant results are: (i) in both species, the leaf exudate was enriched in Gln during the inductive LD, at a time compatible with export of the floral stimulus; (ii) in S. alba, the root export of amino acids decreased in LD, whereas the nitrate remained unchanged – thus the extra-Gln found in the leaf exudate should originate from the leaves; (iii) extra-Gln was also found very early in the apical exudate of S. alba in LD, together with more Glu; (iv) in A. thaliana induced by one DSD, the leaf export of Asn increased sharply, instead of Gln in LD. This agrees with Asn prevalence in C-limited plants. The putative role of amino acids in the transition to flowering is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2001.00683.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental effects on the early stages of tassel morphogenesis in maize (Zea mays L.) (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of various environmental conditions on the initiation of tassel branches (NTB) and spikelet-pairs (NSP) were examined in the stress-sensitive maize inbred F53. Chilling induced the most important effect, with a dramatic decrease in both NTB and NSP, provided it was applied at the end of the vegetative phase and start of the floral transition phase. The primary cause of chilling-induced abortion of the tassel branches could be oxidative stress in the leaves, since lowering light irradiance during chilling greatly reduced the effect of cold. The comparison of inbreds F53 and F2 revealed that both genotypes exhibited a similar period of cold sensitivity at the floral transition phase, although F2 was considered from field observations as a stress-insensitive genotype (at least for tassel development). However, our results also showed a chilling acclimation response in inbred F2 but not in inbred F53. The similarities with the work by Lejeune & Bernier (1996Plant, Cell and Environment 19, 217–224.) concerning the effect of chilling on ear initiation in the sensitive inbred, B22, are emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00515.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of environment on the early steps of ear initiation in maize (Zea mays L.) (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effects of environmental conditions on ear-shoot initiation have been investigated in three inbred genotypes of Zea mays L. which are used for seed production. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and binocular examination during the vegetative phase showed that axillary meristems are initiated at the same rate as the leaf primordia on the apical meristem, but with a delay of 5.6–7.0 plastochrons, depending on the genotype. Furthermore, the topmost axillary meristem is initiated on the same day as the tassel, whatever the genotype. One of the inbreds (B22) used in this study has been reported to exhibit, in field conditions, a reproductive failure affecting car initiation, causing the topmost car to be replaced at maturity by a sterile, leaf-like, structure. Scanning electron microscopic study of the formation of the abnormal axillary buds indicated that ear failure resulted from the early collapse of the axillary meristem followed by elongation of the prophyll or of the meristem itself. Using controlled environments, ear abortion was mimicked by a chilling treatment (10°C), given just before tassel initiation. Other factors, such as high irradiance and flooding, enhanced the abortive response. The critical stage for the main car was just before the initiation of the topmost axillary meristem which also corresponded to tassel initiation. Chilling the plants before or after tassel initiation either induced an acclimation response or had no effect. The three inbreds showed differential responses to the stress treatment, indicating that a genetic factor is implicated as well. It is suggested that chilling causes a perturbation of apical dominance which, in the responsive genotypes, represses axillary meristem development. The use of a stress-sensitive inbred such as B22 as a model system could yield some interesting clues to the mechanism of endogenous control of ear initiation in maize.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00243.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elimination of flowering and most cytological changes after selective long-day exposure of the shoot tip of Sinapis alba (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 81 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Entire plants of Sinapis. alba exposed to a single long day were induced to flower. However, if only the shoot tip was exposed to the long, day, no flowering ensued. In the apical meristem of plants with only the shoot tip exposed to the long day, none of the ultra structural changes normally observed in the meristem of induced plants were detected, except for a marked increase in the number of mitochondria per cell. We conclude that the great majority of ultra structural changes normally occurring in the shoot meristem during floral transition are not direct effects of day length on the tip but are caused by signal(s) generated in induced leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1991.tb08749.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial floral evocation by exogenous cytokinin in the long-day plant Sinapis alba (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 67 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A single application of benzyladenine (BA) at 4.3 × 10−5M to the shoot apex of vegetative plants of Sinapis alba L. causes an increase of the import of [14C]-assimilates in the apical bud and of the starch content. BA also produces the breakdown of the vacuoles into smaller vacuolar units and an increase of the mitotic index leading to nearsynchronization of the meristem cell population in G1. All these changes normally occur in the meristem of Sinapis plants during the transition to flowering (full evocation). Other events normally associated with full evocation are not caused by BA which thus produces only partial evocation. The part of evocation produced by BA is different from that caused by high irradiance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb05080.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in protein composition of the shoot meristem during floral evocation in Sinapis alba (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 59 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Shoot apical meristcms of vegetative and induced plants of Sinapis alba L. were labelled with [35S] methioninc for 2 h and the proteins were then separated by isoelectric focussing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Quantitative and possibly qualitative changes in the complement of proteins being synthesised during evocation were detected in the meristem, distal to the primordia, 50 to 52 h after the beginning of the inductive long day. This was before morphological changes in the meristem, and before the initiation of flower bud primordia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb04233.x
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