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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations du comportement physiologique de l'algue Monallantus salina (xanthophycée) en culture (1970)
    Springer
    Marine biology 7 (1970), S. 82-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. Le comportement de Monallantus salina, Bourrelly (xanthophycée) en culture a été étudie. L'utilisation de différents paramètres a permis de suivre l'évolution du métabolisme en fonction du vieillissement. 2. Outre la mesure de l'assimilation en C, la teneur en chlorophylle a s'avère être, chez M. salina, un bon critère d'estimation du potentiel d'assimilation photosynthétique. 3. A.T.P. et protéines réactives sont les meilleurs indicateurs de la fraction active de la biomasse. 4. Le vieillissement des cellules s'accompagne d'une augmentation de la teneur en sucres, et d'un accroissement des rapports carbone/azote et sucres/protéines. 5. L'azote libéré dans le milieu représente 1,9 à 6,4% de l'azote particulaire; la citrulline constitue les 2/3 des acides aminés émis pendant la phase exponentielle. 6. M. salina serait un matériel favorable aux expérimentations de laboratoire, et pourrait convenir pour la nutrition de larves en élevage.
    Notes: Abstract Monallantus salina Bourrelly has been taken from the Gulf of Marseille (Mediterranean Sea) and placed in a bacteria-free culture. The effects of aging were followed using several methods of growth survey. Chlorophyll a content was found to be a good criterion for potential carbon production, although exact measurements of carbon uptake were obtained by the 14C method. A.T.P., active proteins and amino acids estimates are the best indicators of metabolic cell activity. A good estimate of the standing crop is obtained from dry weight, carbon, nitrogen and carbohydrate contents. A low portion of the total organic nitrogen content, ranging from 1.9 to 6.4%, has been recorded in the culture medium; citrulline appears to be the most important of the amino acids emitted; it constitutes 2/3 of the total content at the end of the logarithmic bloom. M. salina appears to be valuable material for laboratory experiments, and may prove useful for the nutrition of various marine larvae in aquaculture experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346811
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variations de quelques facteurs estimatifs de la biomasse, et en particulier de l'ATP, chez plusieurs algues marines planctoniques (1972)
    Springer
    Marine biology 13 (1972), S. 338-345 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. Les auteurs ont effectué des mesures d'ATP, de carbone, d'azote et de volume cellulaires sur 7 algues marines planctoniques afin de comparer les indications fournies par ces différents paramètres estimatifs de la biomasse. 2. Il apparaît que les variations intraspécifiques sont négligeables durant la phase exponentielle de division et que les variations interspécifiques sont peu importantes en regard de celles rencontrées dans des cultures confinées entre la phase exponentielle et la phase de sénescence. 3. Comme ces variations interspécifiques sont en bonne concordance avec les écarts trouvés en mer pour des populations naturelles diverses, on peut penser que la partie la plus importante de la biomasse in situ serait toujours dans un état de jeunesse physiologique. 4. L'ATP est plus abondant chez les diatomées, ce qui semble lié à l'élaboration du frustule siliceux. 5. Chez les algues non silicifiées, il y a une corrélation significative entre la richesse protoplasmique en ATP (ATP/C+N) et la vitesse de division, quelle que soit la taille des cellules. 6. Outre une estimation de la biomasse, avec une fiabilité comparable à celle de méthodes plus classiques, la teneur en ATP rapportée aux constituants protoplasmiques semble permettre en culture, et dans des limites qui restent à préciser, une bonne estimation de la productivité primaire.
    Notes: Abstract ATP, carbon, and nitrogen content, and cell volume have been measured in 7 marine algae in culture. Intraspecific differences are negligible during the phase of exponential growth; interspecific differences in ATP and carbon content are slight during this phase compared with those observed in the same cultures between the exponential and senescent phases. As the interspecific differences agree well with those reported for algae in situ, this leads the authors to believe that the greater part of the biomass in situ is always in a state of physiological youth. ATP content is higher in diatoms, and seems linked with silica shell synthesis. In non-silicified species, there is a significant correlation between the ATP: plasma ratio and the division rate, although the cellular volumes are quite different. In the author's opinion, ATP content allows a good estimation of biomass to be made, as well as, under controlled conditions, a suitable estimation of primary productivity; however, because of their high silica content, diatoms should be considered separately from other phytoplankters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00348082
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Are some bacteria toxic for marine algae? (1972)
    Springer
    Marine biology 12 (1972), S. 189-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It was observed in vitro that some bacteria from different origins, including the sea, are capable of inhibiting the growth of several marine algae. However, there is too much difference between in vitro experiments and in situ environmental conditions to assume that bacterial poisons may rule a great deal of algac-bacteria relationships in the sea as a whole. In the author's opinion the importance of bacterial poison is limited to special and rare instances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346764
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Etude des bactéries associées aux Algues marines en culture (1969)
    Springer
    Marine biology 2 (1969), S. 350-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 1. Les auteurs ont isolé quelques souches de bactéries à partir de cultures d'algues marines, et ont essayé d'en préciser le genre et l'espèce. 2. La détermination est basée sur les clefs du Bergey's manual, et sur les publications se rapportant aux espèces décrites dans le milieu marin. 3. Les genres Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium et Achromobacter sont les plus riches en espèces; mais cela ne signifie pas qu'ils dominent effectivement en nombre de germes et en importance métabolique.
    Notes: Abstract Some bacteria strains have been isolated from marine algae cultures and assigned tentative genera and species. Observations and tests were conducted using Bergey's manual and specific papers on marine bacteria as taxonomic keys. The genera Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium and Achromobacter appear to be the most important, as far as the number of species is concerned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00355715
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of bacteria associated with marine algae in culture (1969)
    Springer
    Marine biology 3 (1969), S. 334-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Inhibitory action of some usual antibiotic, substances have been tested on 25 species of bacteria isolated from marine algae cultures. Penicillin, kanamycin, neomycin and streptomycin appear to be the most convenient antibiotics for eliminating or inhibiting polluting bacteria populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00698862
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action de métaux lourds à des doses sublétales sur les caractéristiques de la croissance chez la diatomée Skeletonema costatum (1977)
    Springer
    Marine biology 42 (1977), S. 17-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sublethal effects of mercury, cadmium and copper on the diatom Skeletonema costatum (Grev.) Cleve, grown in batch and bacteria-free culture are studied. Division rate, maximum yield growth, mean cell volume, particulate carbon and nitrogen, and 14C-bicarbonate uptake are used as toxic impairment criteria. Division rate is the first-affected and most sensitive parameter, but algal responses vary according to the metal. Hg produces an acute decrease in division rate, followed by a temporary recovery of growth capacity within the first 48 h after metal addition. Cd, on the other hand, increases division rate, followed by an obvious decrease. Cu reduces division rate slowly or quickly, depending on the metal concentration. Cell synthesis capacity (culture biovolume, particulate carbon and nitrogen, carbon assimilation) is less affected than division rate, especially with Hg. The C:N cell ratio is unchanged at sublethal concentrations, even when production is reduced. The mean cell volume is slightly affected: the variations are not greater than those of the control during its growth phases. Markedly teratological forms are never observed. In the authors' opinion, these results confirm that many parameters and growth kinetic aspects must be considered to fully appreciate the effects of sublethal concentrations of heavy metals. It would also be of advantage to develop a better methodology for such research, applying, for example, techniques already employed in enzymology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392010
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of bacteria associated with marine algae in culture (1970)
    Springer
    Marine biology 5 (1970), S. 68-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seventy seven organic compounds have been tested for receptivity to attack by bacteria strains isolated from marine algae cultures. Bacteria utilize amino and organic acids more frequently than sugars and derivatives, especially when growth substances are not included in the experimental medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352494
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentration Requirement of glycine as nitrogen source for supporting effective growth of certain marine microplanktonic algae (1979)
    Springer
    Marine biology 55 (1979), S. 83-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eighteen species of marine phytoplankton from 9 algal classes were tested under axenic-culture conditions for their capacity to improve phototrophic-growth performance on glycine with increasing concentration of this amino-acid serving as sole nitrogen source. Whereas all these species showed poor-to-no growth on 0.5 mM glycine, 14 species manifested considerable gain in growth-rate and yield at higher concentration levels. The highest level tested (25 mM) was generally not inhibitory and produced the best yields in these cases. Some species (notably Skeletonema costatum) showed marked reduction in the adaptation-lag period with increased glycine concentration, but Chlamydomonas palla required a very long adaptation period, which was little affected by concentration. Dunaliella tertiolecta, Emiliania huxleyi and Chroomonas salina showed sharp (albeit elevated) concentration thresholds for efficient glycine utilization. Rhodomonas lens and two cyanophycean strains, Agmenellum quadruplicatum and Anacystis marina, appeared incapable of successful growth on glycine at all concentrations tested, while the rhodophyte Porphyridium marinum displayed marginal growth. The results were insufficient to draw taxonomically general conclusions on algal-class potential for glycine utilization, but they showed unequivocally that more than 83% of phytoplankton species from 9 algal classes can utilize glycine for growth if the appropriate substrate concentration is provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397303
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bactéries hétérotrophes aérobies prélevées devant le delta du rhône. I- estimation quantitative des populations et d#x00E9;termination (1975)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 47 (1975), S. 481-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs étudient une population bactérienne prélevée au débouché du Rhône en Méditerranée. Une estimation quantitative a été effectuée. Elle indique une variation importante des densités bactériennes, liée à l'apport fluviatile dans la zone de prélèvements (5.103 à l,7.106 germes/ml). L'identification de 224 souches a été entreprise par des méthodes classiques de taxinomie. Les bâtonnets asporulés Gram négatif prédominent, en particulier les germes mobiles. Les souches caractérisées se rattachent aux genres Pseudomonas-Xanthomonas (49% des souches), Achromobacter-Alcaligenes (13%), Flavobacterium (13%), Bacillus, Micrococcus, Proteus, Vibrio; quelquesunes restent indéterminées ou correspondent a des levures. L'activité protéolytique est fréquente alors que l'attaque des glucides est faible. Si l'on associe les deux caractères qui permettraient de distinguer les bactéries marines des non marines, c'est-à-dire le besoin absolu de sodium et le non développement à une température de 40° C, on constate qu'il n'y a pas une bonne concordance entre ces deux critères mais on peut néanmoins assurer que 50% des souches au minimum sont d'origine marine malgré l'influence des eaux du Rhône.
    Notes: Abstract A bacterial population has been sampled in front of the Rhône outlet in the Mediterranean Sea. Quantitative estimations of cells density show important variations resulting from river outflow; data ranged from 5 × 103 to 1,7 × 106 cells/ml. Standard taxinomic methods are used to assign tentative genera. Most of the bacteria are Gram negative sporeless rods, especially those which are motile. The strains belong to the genera Pseudomonas-Xanthomonas (49%), Achromobacter-Alcaligenes (13%), Flavobacterium (13%), Bacillus, Micrococcus, Proteus, Vibrio; a few remain unknown or are not bacteria but yeasts. Many strains hold proteolytic activity potential; on the contrary carbohydrates are scarcely assimilated. In spite of the influence of river waters, 50% of the strains are obviously from marine origin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039593
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bactéries hétérotrophes aérobies prélevées devant le delta du rhône. II — Détermination des exigences nutritionnelles. Comparaison avec des souches provenant d'autres biotopes (1976)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 49 (1976), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Bactéries ; Méditerranée ; Exigences nutritionnelles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs comparent un lot de 114 bactéries prélevées dans des eaux eutrophes situées devant le delta du Rhône à deux lots de souches appartenant également au bactérioplancton méditerranéen, le premier prélevé dans des eaux oligotrophes (200 souches), le deuxième constitué par des germes épiphytes-saprophytes d'algues planctoniques (57 souches). Plus de 50% des bactéries épiphytes-saprophytes ont des besoins vitaminiques; peu d'entre elles se développent sur le glucose et les acides organiques; la plupart exigent des milieux complexes. Au contraire, les souches de pleine eau présentent un grand pouvoir de synthèse qui leur permet de croître sur des substrats simples. Dans l'ensemble, le glucose n'est pas un substrat carboné universellement assimilé en présence d'azote minéral, au contraire des acides aminés, qui sont rapidement et efficacement utilisés. Cette utilisation préférentielle des acides aminés serait plus marquée pour les bactéries des eaux oligotrophes que pour celles des eaux eutrophes.
    Notes: Abstract Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria isolated in front of the Rhône outlet. II — Nutritional requirements. Comparison with strains from different origin. One hundred and fourteen bacteria have been isolated from eutrophic surface sea waters sampled in front of the Rhône outlet (Mediterranean Sea). Their vitamins requirements as a whole and growth potentials were studied with the West and Lochead's method. Results are compared with those obtained with 200 strains isolated from oligotrophic surface waters and 57 strains living epiphytically or saprophytically on diatoms sampled offshore. It appears that more than 50% of the epiphytic-saprophytic bacteria require vitamins; a few grow on glucose and organic acids, most need complex media. On the opposite, simple organic substances support the growth of free-living bacterioplankton; this capability obviously results from their high synthetizing power. Data support the opinion that the glucose should not be considered as an usual source of carbon for the bacteria studied as a whole, when a mineral nitrogen source is present. On the contrary, the amino-acids sustain fast growth. Nevertheless this preferential use is more related to the strains sampled in the oligotrophic waters than to those of eutrophic waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00772682
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