Publication Date:
2024-03-22
Description:
Coccolithophores are unicellular phytoplankton that produce calcium carbonate coccoliths as an exoskeleton. Emiliania huxleyi, the most abundant coccolithophore in the world's ocean, plays a major role in the global carbon cycle by regulating the exchange of CO2 across the ocean-atmosphere interface through photosynthesis and calcium carbonate precipitation. As CO2 concentration is rising in the atmosphere, the ocean is acidifying and ammonium (NH4) concentration of future ocean water is expected to rise. The latter is attributed to increasing anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition, increasing rates of cyanobacterial N2 fixation due to warmer and more stratified oceans, and decreased rates of nitrification due to ocean acidification. Thus future global climate change will cause oceanic phytoplankton to experience changes in multiple environmental parameters including CO2, pH, temperature and nitrogen source. This study reports on the combined effect of elevated pCO2 and increased NH4 to nitrate (NO3) ratio (NH4/NO3) on E. huxleyi, maintained in continuous cultures for more than 200 generations under two pCO2 levels and two different N sources. Here we show that NH4 assimilation under N-replete conditions depresses calcification at both low and high pCO2, alters coccolith morphology, and increases primary production. We observed that N source and pCO2 synergistically drive growth rates, cell size and the ratio of inorganic to organic carbon. These responses to N source suggest that, compared to increasing CO2 alone, a greater disruption of the organic carbon pump could be expected in response to the combined effect of increased NH4/NO3 ratio and CO2 level in the future acidified ocean. Additional experiments conducted under lower nutrient conditions are needed prior to extrapolating our findings to the global oceans. Nonetheless, our results emphasize the need to assess combined effects of multiple environmental parameters on phytoplankton biology in order to develop accurate predictions of phytoplankton responses to ocean acidification.
Keywords:
Alkalinity, Gran titration (Gran, 1950); Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Aragonite saturation state; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated; Calculated, see reference(s); Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbon, inorganic, particulate; Carbon, inorganic, particulate, standard deviation; Carbon, organic, particulate; Carbon, organic, particulate, standard deviation; Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio; Carbon, organic, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio, standard deviation; Carbon, total, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio; Carbon, total, particulate/Nitrogen, organic, particulate ratio, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation; Chromista; Element analyser CHNSO, Costech ECS 4010; Emiliania huxleyi; Emiliania huxleyi, generations; EPOCA; EUR-OCEANS; European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis; European Project on Ocean Acidification; Experimental treatment; Flow cytometry; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Growth rate; Growth rate, standard deviation; Haptophyta; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Light:Dark cycle; Macro-nutrients; Measured; Nitrogen, organic, particulate; Nitrogen, organic, particulate, standard deviation; Not applicable; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; PAR sensor, biospherical; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio; Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio, standard deviation; Pelagos; pH; pH, standard deviation; Phytoplankton; Phytoplankton, cell biovolume; Phytoplankton, cell biovolume, standard deviation; Potentiometric titration, Metrohm Dosimat 765 (Metrohm, Herisau, Switzerland); Radiation, photosynthetically active; Salinity; Single species; Temperature, water; Time, incubation; YSI Multiparameter system
Type:
Dataset
Format:
text/tab-separated-values, 188 data points
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