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Partitioning processes controlling water column phosphorus concentrations in a shallow wetland (2004)

Qiu, Song ; McComb, Arthur J. ; Bell, Richard W. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Freshwater biology 49 (2004), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2427

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: 1. Phosphorus (P) concentrations in the water column of lakes and wetlands are crucial to their trophic status and ecosystem function, but quantifying the processes controlling P concentrations in the field has been a difficult task. A site-based, in-lake method is described to partition major field processes controlling P concentration in a shallow lake.2. It involves (i) in-lake deployment of a suite of chambers that isolate in-chamber activities from atmospheric sources, groundwater input and horizontal water movement; (ii) monitoring P concentrations and relevant water properties inside and outside the isolation chambers; and (iii) calculating the contribution of each individual process by simple mathematical deduction, so as to differentiate the contributions from the different sources.3. The method was applied at nearshore and offshore sites in a seasonal, groundwater-fed shallow lake on the Swan Coastal Plain, south-western Australia, during winter refilling. Primary (atmospheric and groundwater) and secondary processes (e.g. circulation and sediment-water interactions) were partitioned and quantified in terms of their contributions to water column P [as total P (TP; μg m−2 day−1)].4. Atmospheric and groundwater inputs were the two main processes contributing P loadings (1233 and 1010 μg P m−2 day−1), but their influence appeared restricted to the near-shore site. The estimated influence on TP by mixing-circulation, atmosphere and groundwater were 2.4–25 times higher near the lake margin as compared with the offshore site. The circulation and sediment-water interactions decreased water column P at the marginal site, but increased P offshore because of subsequent P release from sediment and a concurrent increase in pH.5. Results are consistent with data reported elsewhere, and the factors that could affect the accuracy of partitioning are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2004.01209.x

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2

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Low root zone temperature favours shoot B partitioning into young leaves of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) (2003)

Ye, Zhengqian ; Huang, Longbin ; Bell, Richard W. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers

Physiologia plantarum 118 (2003), S. 0

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ISSN: 1399-3054

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: In previous studies with tropical plant species, low root zone temperature (RZT) induced boron (B) deficiency, but it is not known if the same response to RZT will be expressed in temperate species, like oilseed rape, that are more tolerant of low temperature. The present experiments investigated the effect of RZT (10 and 20°C) on oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Hyola 42) response to B in solution culture, in summer and winter. Regardless of canopy growth conditions, low RZT (10°C) promoted the partitioning of shoot B to the actively growing leaves, especially when B supply was low. However, low RZT did not significantly alter net B uptake rates or plant biomass. Low RZT decreased the shoot-to-root ratio, countering the effects of low B which increased it, leading to a decreased demand for B in the shoot at low RZT. At low B supply, B-deficiency symptoms appeared later at 10 than at 20°C, corresponding with higher B concentrations in the youngest fully opened leaves (YOLs) at 10°C RZT. Thus 10°C RZT increased the tolerance to low B supply. As a result, it is concluded that the effect of decreasing RZT on the responses of the temperate species, oilseed rape, to low B supply depends on whether the low RZT is above or below the optimal root temperature for growth.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3054.2003.00085.x

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3

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Incorporating Geological Effects in Modeling of Revegetation Strategies for Salt-Affected Landscapes (1999)

Clarke, Christopher J. ; Bell, Richard W. ; Hobbs, Richard J. ; [et al.]

Springer

Environmental management 24 (1999), S. 99-109

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ISSN: 1432-1009

Keywords: KEY WORDS: Dryland salinity; Geology; Landscape; Revegetation integration

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: The work highlights the difficulties of using standard sampling and statistical techniques to investigate regional phenomena and presents an integrated approach combining small-scale sampling with broad-scale observations to provide input into a modeling exercise. It is suggested that such approaches are vital if landscape- and regional-scale processes are to be understood and managed. The way in which the problem is perceived (holistically or piecemeal) affects the way treatments are designed and their effectiveness: past approaches have failed to integrate the various scales and processes involved. Effective solutions require an integrated holistic response.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002679900218

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4

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Differential response of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars to low boron supply (1998)

Xue, Jianming ; Lin, Minshu ; Bell, Richard W. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant and soil 204 (1998), S. 155-163

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: boron deficiency ; boron efficiency ; Brassica napus L. ; differential response ; genotype ; oilseed rape

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Three experiments were carried out on an alluvial sandy loam (Udifluvent) at Tonglu, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China from 1992 to 1995, to determine the genotypic range in boron (B) efficiency of 16 oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars, to identify the B-efficient cultivars and to identify specific responses which can be utilised for selection in a breeding program. The 16 cultivars which included high-quality and conventional types differed significantly in survival, plant height, leaf area, shoot dry weight and seed yield; however, the ranking of the cultivars for their seed yield or other plant traits differed with B treatment. With severe B deficiency (CaCl2 extractable B 〈 0.26 mg/kg) and no boron applied, none of the cultivars exhibited significant B efficiency, with seed yield 〈300 kg/ha. With moderate B deficiency (CaCl2 extractable B 0.34 mg/kg or 0.17 kg B/ha applied), seed yield varied significantly among the cultivars from 397 to 1889 kg/ha in year 1 and from 616 to 1260 kg/ha in year 3. Zhongyou 821 and 92-13 were the most B-efficient and Wanyou 324, Huashuang 2 and Su 2051 were the most B-inefficient cultivars under moderate B deficiency. Significant differences were found among the cultivars in leaf B concentration; however, there was no close relationship between leaf B concentration and seed yield responses to B of oilseed cultivars. Of all the growth parameters measured, leaf area was the early indicator best correlated with subsequent seed yield and may be useful for evaluating the response of cultivars to low B supply. Contrary to current opinion, it was also found that high-quality oilseed rape cultivars were not all sensitive to low B supply nor were all conventional cultivars B-efficient.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004326217479

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5

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Boron efficiency in oilseed rape: I. Genotypic variation demonstrated in field and pot grown Brassica napus L. and Brassica juncea L. (2000)

Stangoulis, James C. R. ; Grewal, Harsharn S. ; Bell, Richard W. ; [et al.]

Springer

Plant and soil 225 (2000), S. 243-251

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: boron ; canola ; efficiency ; micronutrient ; mustard ; oilseed rape

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Boron (B) efficiency of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and mustard (B. juncea) genotypes was determined on a low B soil at Mt. Compass, South Australia. B efficiency was observed in oilseed rape genotypes, Zhongyou 821, Dunkeld and Zheyou 2, and in mustard genotypes Pusa Bold and CSIRO 6. Genotypes grown in the field were also grown under glass-house conditions, in pots filled with pre-washed sand extracted from the Mt. Compass field site. Two B treatments, one B adequate (0.25 mg B kg−1 soil) and one B deficient (imposed by omission) were used to indicate whether vegetative response to B could predict final yield response and provide a more convenient selection criterion for identifying B-efficient germplasm. Vegetative response of 35 d old (D35) genotypes grown in pot culture closely reflected field response, indicating the expression of B efficiency traits in early growth, and its potential use in selection.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026593528256

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6

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The importance of sampling immature leaves for the diagnosis of boron deficiency in oilseed rape (Brassica napus cv. Eureka) (1996)

Huang, Longbin ; Ye, Zhengqian ; Bell, Richard W.

Springer

Plant and soil 183 (1996), S. 187-198

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: B deficiency diagnosis ; boron (B) ; Brassica napus ; critical B concentration ; functional B requirement ; leaf elongation ; oilseed rape ; shoot growth

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Plant analysis can diagnose boron (B) deficiency when the standards used have been properly developed by establishing that a close relationship exists between B concentration in a plant part and its physiological function. The purpose of the present study was to demonstrate the importance of choosing the growing immature leaves for B deficiency diagnosis and for establishing critical B concentrations for the diagnosis of B deficiency in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). In Experiment 1, the plants were subject to seven levels of B supply using programmed nutrient addition, for the estimation of critical B concentrations in plant parts for shoot growth. In Experiment 2, the plants were treated with two levels of B supply in solution: 10 (+B) and 0 (-B) μM B, for the estimation of functional B requirements for leaf elongation. The results showed that critical B concentrations varied amongst the plant parts sampled and decreased with leaf age. As B taken up by roots is largely phloem-immobile, B concentrations in mature leaves are physiologically irrelevant to plant B status at the time of sampling, giving rise to a significant over- or underestimation of the B requirement for plant growth. By contrast, a growing, immature leaf, in this case the youngest open leaf (YOL), was the most reliable plant part for B deficiency diagnosis. Critical B concentrations developed from both methods were comparable-i.e. 10–14 mg B kg−1 dry matter in the YOL at vegetative growth stages up to stem elongation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011434

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7

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Factors controlling equilibrium boron (B) concentration in nutrient solution buffered with B-specific resin (Amberlite IRA-743) (1999)

Huang, Longbin ; Bell, Richard W. ; Dell, Bernie

Springer

Plant and soil 208 (1999), S. 233-241

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: Amberlite IRA-743 ; B buffering ; equilibrium B concentration ; Boron (B) ; B-specific resin

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract In conventional solution culture where boron (B) is added as boric acid, fluctuating external B supply often produces confounding and ill-defined physiological and biochemical responses in plants, especially when grown at deficient and marginal B supply. Our previous studies proposed the use of the B-specific resin – Amberlite IRA-743 to develop a B-buffered solution culture. The present study aims to evaluate crucial factors determining equilibrium B concentrations in nutrient solution buffered with the B-loaded resin, including the B loading of the resin, pH in the nutrient solution and B removal from the solution. The equilibrium B concentrations in nutrient solution were determined by both the amount of B sorbed by the resin and the solution pH. At pH 6.05±0.05, the relationship between the resin B content and equilibrium B concentration in the nutrient solution is closely described by the equation: Y = 18.8 X1.457 [ where, Y = equilibrium B concentration (μM) in nutrient solution and X = B content of the resin (mg B g−1 moist resin)]. However, at a given resin B content, lowering solution pH from 7 to 4 significantly increased B concentrations in solution through the release of B from the solid phase of the resin beads. The B-loaded resin was capable of maintaining stable B concentrations in the nutrient solutions, ranging from deficient to marginally adequate B concentrations for dicot species. In conclusion, B concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 11 μM, were buffered for 5 days with the resin loaded with 0.004 – 0.691 mg B g−1 moist resin in the nutrient solution. Precise pH control in the nutrient solution is critical for the success of a B-buffered solution culture study.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004595315639

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8

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Diagnosis and prediction of boron deficiency for plant production (1997)

Bell, Richard W.

Springer

Plant and soil 193 (1997), S. 149-168

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Boron deficiency has been diagnosed or predicted in a variety of plants using a combination of approaches including plant response to B fertiliser, plant symptoms, and soil and plant analysis. Local knowledge of soils, crops, and factors known to accentuate B deficiency provide important background for its diagnosis and prognosis. However, accurate diagnosis and prognosis of B deficiency depends on calibrated standards for plant and soil testing. For diagnosis of B deficiency the plant part sampled needs to reflect current B supply, and will therefore usually be an actively expanding plant part such as a young leaf. Soil and plant analysis are probably more useful when used to predict the likelihood of B deficiency. Increased reliability of prediction can be achieved when soil and plant analysis values are calibrated for particular soil type and crop species combinations. In addition to calibrating soil and plant analysis against yield responses, standards established for pollen viability and vigour, seed viability, seed or fruit quality, root, stem or tuber quality or lignification of wood could be used more often for B.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004268110139

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