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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 16 (1977), S. 169-189 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird ein Überblick über die Untersuchungen der Verfasser zum Thema „Gebietsstörungen des Ruhezustandes (domain perturbations of the rest state) einer viskoelastischen Flüssigkeit“ und ihre Anwendung auf die Rheometrie gegeben. Zur Erläuterung der Grundlagen der Gebietsstörungs-Analyse wird in Kap. 1 die Diskussion eines Modellproblems vorangestellt, das keinerlei rheologische Komplikationen enthält, so daß die betreffenden Prinzipien in einfacher Weise erläutert werden können. In Kap. 2 wird die Analyse auf rheologische Probleme angewendet, und es werden einige bisher unveröffentlichte Vereinfachungen der Theorie vorgestellt. In Kap. 3 werden die kanonischen Formen der die Störung des Ruhezustandes hervorrufenden Spannungstensoren angegeben. In Kap. 4 wird das Problem des Hochkletterns einer Flüssigkeit am stationär rotierenden Zylinder behandelt. Dabei werden die Hauptmerkmale der Bewegung, das Phänomen des kritischen Radius, die Wirkung von Oberflächenspannung und Temperatur, Sekundärbewegungen, die Anwendbarkeit von Theorie und Experiment auf rheologische Messungen, sowie ein interessanter neuer „Normalspannungs-Verstärker“ diskutiert. In Kap. 5 wird das Problem des Hochkletterns bei instationärer Bewegung des Zylinders betrachtet. Es werden neuere Ergebnisse über die durch eine Torsionsschwingung erzeugte freie Oberfläche referiert, und es wird gezeigt, wie diese Ergebnisse zur Bestimmung der Stoff-Funktionen in der kanonischen Darstellung der Spannungen verwendet werden können. Die „atmende“ Instabilität beim stationären Hochklettern (eine Verzweigungslösung vomHopfschen Typ) und die „blütenförmige“ Instabilität beim zeitlich-periodischen Hochklettern infolge der Zylinder-Oszillation (eine die Symmetrie brechende Verzweigungslösung vomPoincaréschen Typ) werden hier ebenfalls beschrieben. In Kap. 6 schließlich werden weitere an freien Oberflächen auftretende Probleme behandelt: nämlich die freie Oberfläche einer Flüssigkeit zwischen oszillierenden Platten, die Strahlaufweitung und die Randeffekte in Rheometern.
    Notes: Summary In this paper we review our work on the theory of domain perturbations of the rest state of a viscoelastic fluid and its applications to the science of rheometry. To explain the principle behind the domain perturbation analysis we begin the paper with a discussion of a model problem, free of rheological complications, in which the principles involved may be clearly demonstrated. In Chapter two we formulate the analysis for rheological problems and we present some new, previously unpublished, simplifications of the theory. The canonical forms for stress tensors which perturb the state of rest are given in Chapter three. Chapter four is devoted to the problem of steady rod climbing. There we discuss the main physical features of the motion, the phenomenon of the critical radius, the effects of surface tension and temperature, secondary motions, the applicability of theory and experiment for rheological measurements, and an interesting new “normal stress anplifier”. Unsteady problems of rod climbing are considered in Chapter five. We review recent results on the free surface induced by torsional oscillations of a rod, and we show how to use these results to find the form of the material functions in the canonical forms of the stress. The breathing instability of steady axisymmetric rod climbing (aHopf bifurcation) and the flower instability of time-periodic climb induced by the oscillating rod (a symmetry-breakingPoincaré bifurcation) are also described in Chapter five. In Chapter six we consider other free surface problems: the free surface on a fluid between oscillating planes, die swell and edge effects in rheometers.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 19 (1980), S. 19-31 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Diese Arbeit stellt einen weiteren Beitrag zu unseren Untersuchungen über den Weissenberg-Effekt dar. Ein Ziel dieser Untersuchungen ist es zu zeigen, wie die Deformation der freien Oberfläche einer zwischen zwei konzentrischen Zylindern gescherten viskoelastischen Flüssigkeit dazu verwendet werden kann, rheologische Kenngrößen der Flüssigkeit zu gewinnen. In dieser Arbeit wird über die Ergebnisse einer experimentellen Untersuchung berichtet, in der die Gestalt der freien Oberfläche bei drei viskoelastischen Flüssigkeiten gemessen wurde, die in einem Apparat geschert wurden, der aus einem stationären Außenzylinder und vier auswechselbaren rotierenden Innenzylindern bestand. Die experimentell bestimmten Profile werden mit solchen verglichen, die aufgrund einer Theorie zweiter Ordnung vorausgesagt worden sind. Man findet im Bereich der Anwendbarkeit dieser Theorie für STP und TLA-227 eine ausgezeichnete Übereinstimmung, wohingegen die Ergebnisse bei einer 2%igen Polyacrylamid-Lösung in einer 1:1-Wasser-Glycerin-Mischung gewisse Diskrepanzen aufweisen.
    Notes: Summary This paper is a further contribution to our work on the Weissenberg effect. One goal of our work is to show how the free-surface deformations on a viscoelastic fluid which is sheared between two concentric rotating cylinders can be used to determine rheological data about the fluid. In this paper we report the results of an experimental program in which free surface shapes have been measured on three viscoelastic fluids undergoing shearing in an apparatus consisting of a stationary outer cylinder and four interchangeable rotating inner cylinders. Experimentally-measured profiles are compared with profiles predicted from second-order theory, and found to be in excellent agreement for STP and TLA-227 in the range of applicability of the second-order theory, but there is some disagreement in the results for a 2% solution of polyacrylamide in 49% water −49% glycerin.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 596-597 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 194-196 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1977-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-9171
    Topics: Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1986-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-9171
    Topics: Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1984-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0148-6055
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-8516
    Topics: Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1980-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0148-6055
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-8516
    Topics: Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1977-06-24
    Description: We have observed two novel manifestations of the Weissenberg effect in viscoelastic liquids which are set into motion by the rotation of a circular rod. In the first experiment we floated a layer of STP on water. The STP climbs up the rod into the air and down the rod into the water. The ‘down-climb’ is much larger than the ‘up-climb’, their ratio being roughly the square root of the density difference (STP-air)/ (water–STP). The magnification of the down-climb may be regarded as normal-stress amplification. † The magnitudes of the up- and down-climbs are simultaneously in good agreement with the predictions of a theory of rod climbing when the angular frequency of the rod is small. In the second experiment, we set the rod into torsional oscillations. When the amplitude of the oscillation is small, the fluid climbs the rod; the climb is divided into an axisymmetric steady mean part and an oscillating part (Joseph 1976b; Beavers 1976). The mean axisymmetric climb dominates the total climb at low frequencies. At a higher critical speed the axisymmetric climbing bubble loses its stability to another time-periodic motion with the same period but with a ‘flower’ pattern displaying a certain integral number of petals. © 1977, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2002-02-25
    Description: Movies of the breakup of viscous and viscoelastic drops in the high-speed airstream behind a shock wave in a shock tube have been reported by Joseph, Belanger and Beavers (1999). They performed a Rayleigh-Taylor stability analysis for the initial breakup of a drop of Newtonian liquid and found that the most unstable Rayleigh-Taylor wave fits nearly perfectly with waves measured on enhanced images of drops from the movies, but the effects of viscosity cannot be neglected. Here we construct a Rayleigh-Taylor stability analysis for an Oldroyd-B fluid using measured data for acceleration, density, viscosity and relaxation time λ1. The most unstable wave is a sensitive function of the retardation time λ2 which fits experiments when λ2/λ1 = 0(10-3). The growth rates for the most unstable wave are much larger than for the comparable viscous drop, which agrees with the surprising fact that the breakup times for viscoelastic drops are shorter. We construct an approximate analysis of Rayleigh-Taylor instability based on viscoelastic potential flow which gives rise to nearly the same dispersion relation as the unapproximated analysis.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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