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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of cationic surfactants and related products in urban coastal environments (1991)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 25 (1991), S. 547-550 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00015a026
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of Acute Toxicity and Genotoxicity of Liquid Products from Pyrolysis of Eucalyptus grandis Wood (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 38 (2000), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Slow pyrolysis of Eucalyptus grandis wood was performed in an oven laboratory, and smoke was trapped and condensed to yield liquid products. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phenolic fractions were isolated from the former liquid products using adsorption column chromatography (ACC) and identified by GC/MS. Concentrations of PAH and phenolic fractions in total pyrolysis liquids were respectively 48.9 μg/g and 8.59% (w/w). Acute toxicity of total samples of pyrolysis liquids and the phenolic fraction was evaluated by means of two bioassays, namely, 24-h immobilization bioassay with Daphnia magna and Microtox™ bioassays, the latter employing the luminescent bacteria Photobacterium phosphoreum. Total pyrolysis liquids and the PAH fraction were evaluated for genotoxicity by the Microtox™ bioassay conducted using rehydrated freeze-dried dark mutant of the luminescent bacteria Vibrio fisheri strain M169. Total pyrolysis liquids and the phenolic fraction, respectively, in concentrations of 170 and 68 mg/L were able to immobilize 50% (EC50) of the D. magna population following 24-h exposure. Concentrations of 19 and 6 mg/L, respectively, for total pyrolysis liquids and phenolic fraction were the effective concentrations that resulted in a 50% (EC50) reduction in light produced by bacteria in the Microtox™ bioassay. Accordingly, the Microtox™ bioassay was more sensitive to toxic effects of both kind of samples than the D. magna bioassay, particularly for the phenolic fraction. Regarding to the genotoxicity evaluation, the results achieved by Microtox™ bioassay showed that total pyrolysis liquids had no genotoxic effects with and without exogenous metabolic activation using rat liver homogenate (S9). However, the PAH fraction showed toxic effects with rat liver activation and had a dose-response number (DRN) equal to 1.6, being in this way suspected genotoxic. The lowest detected concentration (LDC) of the PAH fraction able to cause genotoxic effects was 375 μg/L.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449910022
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioassay-directed chemical characterization of genotoxic agents in the dissolved and particulate water phases of the Besos and Llobregat Rivers (Barcelona, Spain) (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 23 (1992), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Particulate (〉0.22 μm) and dissolved phases of water concentrates (600 mL) of Llobregat and Besos Rivers (Barcelona, Spain), were tested in the Salmonella/microsome assay, tester strains TA98 and TA100. Most of them showed significant mutagenic activity. However, independently of the application of exogenous metabolic activation, the dimethylsulfoxide extracts of the particulate matter exhibited a stronger mutagenic activity than the dissolved phase. This indicated that both rivers are chronically polluted by frameshift and base-pair substitution mutagens and promutagens. In order to investigate their identity, a bioassay-directed column chromatography fractionation of the base-neutrals isolated from the dissolved and particulate phases of Besos river water (7 L) was carried out. The mutagenic activity (TA98) was higher in presence of S9 and was recovered in the more polar fractions, where several mutagenic agents were identified by capillary GC-MS in the negative ion chemical ionization mode (NICI). Among them, o-tolidine, nitroquinoline, nitroaniline, dichlorobenzidine and several aromatic quinones were candidates for fraction mutagenicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225991
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of trialkylamines as an indicator of urban sewage in sludges, coastal waters and sediments (1989)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 337 (1989), S. 722-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A comprehensive review of the available potential markers of sewage sludges in marine sediments has already been pub- lished1. Among the different categories of tracers, certain groups of organic compounds and individual components have been considered, including silicones2, chlorinated ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/337722a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of supercritical fluid extraction and liquid-liquid extraction for isolation of selected pesticides stored in freeze-dried water samples (1994)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 38 (1994), S. 502-508 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid-liquid extraction ; Supercritical fluid extraction ; Pesticides ; Freeze-dried water
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The stability of freeze-dried water samples spiked with eight agrochemicals (atrazine, simazine, linuron, carbaryl, propanil, fenitrothion, parathion and fenamiphos) were examined to evaluate their suitability as candidate reference materials for their determination in water samples. In addition, two different extraction procedures, liquid-liquid and supercritical fluid extraction, were compared for the isolation and trace enrichment of target analytes from freeze-dried water samples. Final analytical determinations were by gas chromatography-nitrogen phosphorus detection and electronic impact mass spectrometry, and by liquid chromatography-diode array detection. The whole methodology developed in this paper permitted the determination of pesticides spiked in water at levels varying from 0.03 to 6.9 μg L−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02269843
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of glass capillary columns for geochemical analysis (1982)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 16 (1982), S. 271-274 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: High temperature HRGC ; Glass capillary column evaluation ; Petroleum hydrocarbons ; Wax esters ; Sterols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Glass capillary columns prepared according to well established methods (whiskers formation, sodium chloride and barium carbonate deposition, persilylation and stationary phase bonding) are evaluated in terms of their efficiency, residual activity and thermostability. The better performance is obtained with the persilylation method. Columns (0.25 mm×20m) coated with 0.15 μm of SE-52 provided 4400 theoretical plates per meter and proved to be the most versatile in geochemical analysis. High temperature separations of alkanes, sterols and wax esters are exemplified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258918
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of vaporizing injectors for trace analysis in capillary gas chromatography (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 59-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; Discrimination ; Moving needle injector ; Splitless injector ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240090111
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent contributions of high resolution gas chromatography to the analysis of environmental hydrocarbons (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 6 (1983), S. 605-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High resolution chromatography ; Marine hydrocarbons ; Biota samples ; Organochlorinated compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analyses of hydrocarbon fractions from different areas of the marine environment are described to illustrate the possibilities and limitations of high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) in the analysis of environmental samples. Examples are given of dissolved, particulate, and sedimentary hydrocarbons and organochlorine compounds; the importance of an adequate sampling of the marine environment is stressed. HR chromatographic profiles obtained in two columns of low and high polarity (SE-52 and PEG 20M) permit the sources and transport pathways of both natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbons to be traced. Analysis of tissues of marine mammals, which metabolize or excrete many of the biogenic and petrogenic hydrocarbons present in other areas of the marine environment, may provide an opportunity to obtain relatively clean profiles of many anthropogenic compounds of interest. The plotting of mass chromatograms from data compiled by COM-GC-MS remains the most appropriate method for the conclusive indentification of these compounds.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240061104
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of bioconcentration factors of isomeric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in polychaete worms by HRGC on selective liquid crystalline stationary phases (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 12 (1989), S. 802-806 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Selective liquid crystal stationary phase ; PAH ; Bioconcentration modeling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The bioconcentration factors (Kb) of parent and alkylated PAHs isolated from polychaete worms collected in coastal sediments were determined for the first time. Capillary gas chromatography using a polymeric liquid crystalline (MPMS) and SE-54 stationary phases coupled to FID, MS and concurrent elution with authentic standards permitted positive identifications of parent PAHs. The Kb values of 18 compounds were accurately determined on the liquid crystalline column and the those of mono- and dialkyl-phenathrene, -pyrene and -chrysene were determined by GC-MS on a SE-54 coated column. The experimental Kb values exhibited a moderate correlation (r=0.7-0.8) with the reported octanol-water partition coefficients (Kow) for these compounds. Consequently, kinetic considerations, i.e. biouptake-release and enzymatic activity seem to be relevant, in addition of biota-media equilibrium. Therefore, integrated bioconcentration models are needed.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240121208
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organotin speciation in aquatic matrices by CGC/FPD, ECD and MS, and LC/MS (1991)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 339 (1991), S. 646-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The sensitivity and reproducibility of CGC coupled to selective detectors for the determination of alkyl and aryltin compounds (RxSnYz, where R=C4H9 or C6H5, and Y=CH3 or Cl) (x+z=4) have been evaluated. In this regard, single or dual flame FPD configurations, with or without interference filter (600 nm) have been compared. The electron impact (EI) selected ion monitoring detection (SIM) CGC-MS was also considered for confirmation of the FPD assignments as well as for quantitative purposes. Alternatively, the accuracy and sensitivity of the direct analysis of organotin chlorides (Y=Cl) by cold on-column injection CGC-ECD or by thermospray LC-MS were determined. According to this, an analytical protocol based on acid digestion, extraction with organic solvents modified with tropolone, derivatization with CH3MgCl, cleanup with alumina and CGC-FPD analysis has been successfully applied to the characterization of organotin compounds in seawater, sediments and biota. The relative detection limits of the whole procedure were dependent of the tin species and the environmental compartment considered, ranging from 0.5 to 6.5 ng l−1 for seawater, in the filterless operation mode, and 0.1–2 ng g−1 and 0.7–8 ng g−1 for sediments and biota, respectively, using a 600 nm interference filter. Reproducibility was in the range of 15% RSD. Aryl and hydroxyalkyltin were identified for the first time in the aquatic compartments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00325552
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