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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of fish bile with HPLC — fluorescence to determine environmental exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 188-189 (1989), S. 561-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: benzo(a)pyrene equivalents ; bile ; HPLC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Brown bullhead from the Black River, Ohio, have a high incidence of liver neoplasia which is associated with elevated concentrations of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sediment. We evaluated the use of biliary concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] equivalents as a means for determining PAH exposure. Bile was collected from 16 brown bullheads and 8 common carp taken from each of two Lake Erie tributaries in Ohio, the industrialized Black River and the non-industrialized Old Woman Creek. Hatchery bullhead (n = 8) were used to determine base levels of PAHs. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) — fluorescence technique was used to determine the concentration of B(a)P equivalents in the bile samples. The area of all peaks fluorescing at 380/430 nm was summed to give a single value for B(a)P equivalents in each sample. Concentrations of B(a)P equivalents generally reflected concentrations of PAH in sediment where fish were collected. Bile taken from Black River carp contained the highest concentration of B(a)P equivalents and was significantly different from all other groups. The value obtained for Black River bullhead was also high and was found to be significantly different from hatchery bullhead. B(a)P equivalents varied between carp and bullhead from the same habitat possibly because of differing food habits or metabolic pathways. However, our results indicate that relative levels of B(a)P equivalents in the bile of fish correspond well to B(a)P levels in sediment and may offer a means of determining environmental exposure of fish to the parent compound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027823
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of tumors in wild populations of fish to assess ecosystem health (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of aquatic ecosystem stress and recovery 1 (1973), S. 135-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5141
    Keywords: carcinogens ; cancer ; biomarker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Evidence has linked toxicants in aquatic systems with cancer in fish and population level effects on species. Thus some types of tumors may be useful monitors of ecosystem health, at least as affected by genotoxins and promoters. However, tumors caused by purely genetic mechanisms or by virus would not be good indicators. Only neoplasms which have chemicals as a portion of their etiology (either as initiators or promoters) would be useful in assessing ecosystem health. Lesions which may fit these criteria include liver neoplasms (both biliary and hepatic) and skin lesions in a variety of primarily benthic fishes, and neural lesions in various drum species and in butterfly fish species. Two studies purporting to demonstrate a lack of tumors in fish from polluted areas have been reexamined and found either to have insufficient data on vulnerable species or to actually support a tumor-pollution linkage. Thus certain lesions in vulnerable species or species groups may serve as a mechanism to assess one facet of ecosystem health.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044045
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of tumors in wild populations of fish to assess ecosystem health (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of aquatic ecosystem stress and recovery 1 (1992), S. 135-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5141
    Keywords: carcinogens ; cancer ; biomarker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Evidence has linked toxicants in aquatic systems with cancer in fish and population level effects on species. Thus some types of tumors may be useful monitors of ecosystem health, at least as affected by genotoxins and promoters. However, tumors caused by purely genetic mechanisms or by virus would not be good indicators. Only neoplasms which have chemicals as a portion of their etiology (either as initiators or promoters) would be useful in assessing ecosystem health. Lesions which may fit these criteria include liver neoplasms (both biliary and hepatic) and skin lesions in a variety of primarily benthic fishes, and neural lesions in various drum species and in butterfly fish species. Two studies purporting to demonstrate a lack of tumors in fish from polluted areas have been reexamined and found either to have insufficient data on vulnerable species or to actually support a tumor-pollution linkage. Thus certain lesions in vulnerable species or species groups may serve as a mechanism to assess one facet of ecosystem health.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044045
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methodological considerations for conducting tumor surveys of fishes (1973)
    Springer
    Journal of aquatic ecosystem stress and recovery 1 (1973), S. 127-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5141
    Keywords: carcinogens ; cancer ; biomarker ; monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The usefulness of tumor surveys in indicating the availability of carcinogenic contaminants in ecosystems hinges largely on decisions made during the planning process. Species used as indicator organisms for monitoring programs are best selected from those known to be susceptible to epizootics of neoplasms. Lesions which can be quickly located and preserved in the field and for which a data base exists to help interpretation include liver neoplasms and external neoplasms. Since tumor frequencies increase with age and may change from season to season, studies should hold these variables constant among locations. During the design of the study investigators should determine the number of fish they need to examine in order to achieve the degree of resolution desired. Finally the field crew must be familiar with fish anatomy and necropsy techniques as well as storage and handling of the chosen preservative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044044
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methodological considerations for conducting tumor surveys of fishes (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of aquatic ecosystem stress and recovery 1 (1992), S. 127-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5141
    Keywords: carcinogens ; cancer ; biomarker ; monitoring
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The usefulness of tumor surveys in indicating the availability of carcinogenic contaminants in ecosystems hinges largely on decisions made during the planning process. Species used as indicator organisms for monitoring programs are best selected from those known to be susceptible to epizootics of neoplasms. Lesions which can be quickly located and preserved in the field and for which a data base exists to help interpretation include liver neoplasms and external neoplasms. Since tumor frequencies increase with age and may change from season to season, studies should hold these variables constant among locations. During the design of the study investigators should determine the number of fish they need to examine in order to achieve the degree of resolution desired. Finally the field crew must be familiar with fish anatomy and necropsy techniques as well as storage and handling of the chosen preservative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044044
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long Term Trends in Liver Neoplasm Epizootics of Brown Bullhead in the Black River, Ohio (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 53 (1998), S. 213-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Since 1980, liver neoplasms in brown bullhead and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in sediment have been researched in a series of studies on the Black River in Lorain, Ohio. In the early 1980s the liver cancer prevalence in fish of age 3 and older was high, ranging from 22% to 39% of the adult population. These high cancer rates corresponded to high levels of PAHs in the sediment resulting from long-term releases by an upstream coking facility (USX). In 1983 this coking plant was closed, and by 1987 the PAH in sediment had declined by about two orders of magnitude. Coincidentally the tumor prevalence in 1987 was only about one-fourth of that in the early 1980s. In 1990, the most contaminated sediments were dredged. Neoplasm surveys in 1992 and 1993 found liver tumor frequencies in mature bullhead were as high as or higher than in the early 1980s. However liver tumor incidence declined in 1994, especially among age 3 fish, where neoplasm incidence was zero. These age 3 fish were the first group sampled that were not present during the 1990 dredging. These data are consistent with a hypothesis that the increase in tumor prevalence in 1992 and 1993 was caused by exposure to buried PAH-contaminated sediments released by the dredging. This research points out the insight provided by long term effects studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005967631275
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  • 7
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    Epizootics of cancer in fish associated with genotoxins in sediment and water (1998)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-11-01
    Print ISSN: 1383-5742
    Electronic ISSN: 1388-2139
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 8
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    Frequencies of liver neoplasia in a feral fish population and associated carcinogens (1985)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0141-1136
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-0291
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 9
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    Analysis of fish bile with HPLC — fluorescence to determine environmental exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (1989)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-8158
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5117
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Epidermal, hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinomas in brown bullheads, Ictalurus nebulosus, from industrially polluted black river, Ohio (1984)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0141-1136
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-0291
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Published by Elsevier
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