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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using simulation to evaluate the batching approach to part type selection in flexible manufacturing systems (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 9 (1998), S. 5-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: The selection of part types for simultaneous processing in a Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is one of the most responsible phases of the short-time production planning. The batching approach to part type selection is more popular in practice but this leads to the requirement for a preliminary evaluation of the results obtained. Using simulation is a convenient, no-risk and cheapest way to do this, which is shown and discussed in the paper. The objective of batching approach is to maximize the number of part types in a batch taking into account constraints on tool magazine capacity and tool type availability. Two alternative ways of assigning weights in the objective function of the part type selection model are explored to direct the search to a different set of part types. A procedure to determine the mix ratios of the selected part types is used so as to balance the aggregate machine workloads. The model aggregations have been accounted for in a simulation experiment conducted to evaluate the performance of the batching approach and to investigate the sensitivity of total makespan and machine utilizations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069810196797
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Populations who test drugs should benefit from them (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 440 (2006), S. 605-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir Paul Herrling, in his Commentary article “Experiments in social responsibility” (Nature 439, 267–268; 2006), describes pharmaceutical companies moving towards a more progressive approach to drug development and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/440605d
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Debt and poverty turn a disease into an epidemic (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 407 (2000), S. 13-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir — Many of the scientists attending the Durban conference on AIDS have warned that South Africa's AIDS crisis can be attributed in part to President Thabo Mbeki's consultation with ‘dissidents’. But are the president's words and those of his colleagues really ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35024206
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy studies of abraded rubber surfaces (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 1654-1660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The surfaces of polybutadiene rubber (BR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) subjected to different degrees of abrasion have been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the case of SBR it has been shown that abrasion begins with marks in the direction of rotation which are followed by fine ribbing and then by the formation of coarse, angular and prominent ridges. Prolonged abrasion produces folding and cavities on the surface. This change in abrasion mechanism has been explained as a result of heat build-up and high crack growth rate in SBR which occur beyond a certain stage. These help in softening the matrix and removing the surface. On the other hand, fractured surfaces of BR show that ridges begin to form at about 250 revolutions and there is no characteristic difference between the abraded surfaces at lower or higher degrees of abrasion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553979
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy studies of abraded rubber surfaces (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1981), S. 1654-1660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The surfaces of polybutadiene rubber (BR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) subjected to different degrees of abrasion have been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the case of SBR it has been shown that abrasion begins with marks in the direction of rotation which are followed by fine ribbing and then by the formation of coarse, angular and prominent ridges. Prolonged abrasion produces folding and cavities on the surface. This change in abrasion mechanism has been explained as a result of heat build-up and high crack growth rate in SBR which occur beyond a certain stage. These help in softening the matrix and removing the surface. On the other hand, fractured surfaces of BR show that ridges begin to form at about 250 revolutions and there is no characteristic difference between the abraded surfaces at lower or higher degrees of abrasion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02396884
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of particle size on the mechanical properties of poly(vinylchloride)-copper particulate composite (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 13 (1978), S. 2109-2118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of particle size ratios on tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength, Vickers hardness and transverse rupture strength of particulate PVC-Cu composite has been studied. The strength values reach a maximum at a particular metal loading where the formation of a segregated network is believed to occur. This critical metal loading shifts towards lower values with increasing polymer-to-metal size ratios. The mean free path calculated from the proposed model is found to be same in all metal loadings, corresponding to strength maxima irrespective of the particle size ratios. A correlation between strength properties and the mean free path has been suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00541664
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on poly(vinyl chloride)-copper composites. Part 1: State of segregation of filler particles, electrical and mechanical properties in presence of plasticizer and stabilizer (1979)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 19 (1979), S. 533-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The presence of additives influences the state of segregation of filler particles in the polymer matrix which in turn controls the electrical and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride)-copper composites. The liquid plasticizer seems to form a coating on the filler surface which introduces quasirandomness in the segregated network. In accordance with the mathematical model proposed earlier, the strength properties were found to be proportional to dm-½ where dm is the mean free path between the filler particles. Calculations of dm were based on two different models, one for segregated network (unplasticized and low plasticized composites) and the other for quasi-random distribution of filler particles (plasticized composites). Extruded samples in general show more randomness in the filler distribution than the compression molded samples.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760190802
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on poly(vinyl chloride) - copper composites. Part 2: SEM studies of the fracture surfaces (1979)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 19 (1979), S. 540-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies of fracture surfaces of poly(vinyl chloride) - copper composites at various metal loadings and different processing conditions reveal characteristic features. In general, metallic fillers introduce brittleness, while plasticizers increase the ductility of the composites. Results of the fracture studies have been correlated with the properties of the composites reported earlier.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760190803
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of metal concentration on the electrical conductivity and some mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)-copper composites (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 2575-2580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070200927
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  • 10
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    Unknown
    Global environmental drivers of influenza (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-31
    Description: In temperate countries, influenza outbreaks are well correlated to seasonal changes in temperature and absolute humidity. However, tropical countries have much weaker annual climate cycles, and outbreaks show less seasonality and are more difficult to explain with environmental correlations. Here, we use convergent cross mapping, a robust test for causality that does not require correlation, to test alternative hypotheses about the global environmental drivers of influenza outbreaks from country-level epidemic time series. By moving beyond correlation, we show that despite the apparent differences in outbreak patterns between temperate and tropical countries, absolute humidity and, to a lesser extent, temperature drive influenza outbreaks globally. We also find a hypothesized U-shaped relationship between absolute humidity and influenza that is predicted by theory and experiment, but hitherto has not been documented at the population level. The balance between positive and negative effects of absolute humidity appears to be mediated by temperature, and the analysis reveals a key threshold around 75 °F. The results indicate a unified explanation for environmental drivers of influenza that applies globally.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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