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  • 1
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    Kinetic analysis of sucrose activated carbon for nutrient removal in water (2020)
    IWA Publishing
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    Publication Date: 2020-01-01
    Description: A renewable, green activated carbon made from sucrose (sugar) was compared with traditional bituminous coal-based granular activated carbon (GAC). Single and multi-component competitive adsorption of nitrate and phosphate from water was investigated. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were fitted to data obtained from the nitrate and phosphate adsorption experiments. Nitrate adsorption fits closely to either Freundlich or Langmuir model for sucrose activated carbon (SAC) and GAC with a Langmuir adsorption capacity of 7.98 and 6.38 mg/g, respectively. However, phosphate adsorption on SAC and GAC demonstrated a selective fit with the Langmuir model with an adsorption capacity of 1.71 and 2.07 mg/g, respectively. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that adsorption of nitrate and phosphate follow pseudo-second-order kinetics with rate constant values of 0.061 and 0.063 g/(mg h), respectively. Competitive studies between nitrate and phosphate were demonstrated in preferential nitrate removal with GAC and preferential phosphate removal with SAC. Furthermore, nitrate and phosphate removals decreased from 75% removal to 35% removal when subject to multi-component solutions, which highlights the need for adsorption analysis in complex systems. Overall, SAC proved to be competitive with GAC in the removal of inorganic contaminants and may represent a green alternative to coal-based activated carbon.
    Electronic ISSN: 2616-6518
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Published by IWA Publishing
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  • 2
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    Impact of aerosol and thin cirrus on retrieving and validating XCO2 from GOSAT shortwave infrared measurements (2013)
    Wiley
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    Publication Date: 2013-03-20
    Description: [1]  Inadequate treatment of aerosol scattering can be a significant source of error when retrieving column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO 2 (XCO 2 ) from space-based measurements of backscattered solar shortwave radiation. [2]  We have developed a retrieval algorithm, RemoTeC, that retrieves three aerosol parameters (amount, size, height) simultaneously with XCO 2 . Here we evaluate the ability of RemoTeC to account for light path modifications by clouds, sub-visual cirrus, and aerosols when retrieving XCO 2 from Greenhouse Gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) TANSO-FTS measurements. We first evaluate a cloud filter based on measurements from the Cloud and Aerosol Imager and a cirrus filter that uses radiances measured by TANSO-FTS in the 2 micron spectral region, with strong water absorption. For the cloud-screened scenes, we then evaluate errors due to aerosols. We find that RemoTeC is well capable of accounting for scattering by aerosols for values of aerosol optical thickness at 750 nm up to 0.25. While no significant correlation of errors is found with albedo, correlations are found with retrieved aerosol parameters. To further improve the XCO 2 accuracy we propose and evaluate a bias correction scheme. [3]  Measurements from twelve ground-based stations of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) are used as a reference in this study. We show that spatial co-location criteria may be relaxed using additional constraints based on modeled XCO 2 gradients, to increase the size and diversity of validation data and provide a more robust evaluation of GOSAT retrievals. Global-scale validation of satellite data remains challenging and would be improved by increasing TCCON coverage.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 3
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    Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation From Unrelated Donors: A Comparison With Marrow Transplantation (1999)
    American Society of Hematology
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    Publication Date: 1999-07-15
    Description: Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplants from HLA-A, -B, and -DR compatible unrelated donors (n = 45) were compared with bone marrow (BM; BM group, n = 45). Eighteen patients received CD34-selected PBSC (CD34 group). The PBSCs contained more mononuclear cells, CD34+, CD3+, and CD56+cells compared with marrow (P 〈 .001). Engraftment was achieved in all 45 patients in the BM group, in 43 of 45 (95%) in the PBSC group, and in 14 of 18 (78%) in the CD34 group (P 〈 .01). In multivariate analysis, a short time to absolute neutrophil count (ANC) equal to 0.5 × 109/L was associated with the PBSC/CD34 groups (P 〈 .001) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment (P = .017). A short time to platelets equal to 50 × 109/L was associated with PBSC (P = .003) and no methotrexate (P = .015). Grades II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was 20% in the BM controls, 30% in the PBSC group, and 18% in the CD34 group (not significant [NS]). The probability of chronic GVHD was 85% in the BM group, 59% in the PBSC group, and 0% in the CD34 group (P 〈 .01). One-year transplant-related mortality was 21% and 27% and survival was 53% and 54% in the BM and PBSC groups, respectively (NS). The 2-year relapse-free survival was 41% and 46% in the two groups, respectively.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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  • 4
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    Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation From Unrelated Donors: A Comparison With Marrow Transplantation (1999)
    American Society of Hematology
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-15
    Description: Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplants from HLA-A, -B, and -DR compatible unrelated donors (n = 45) were compared with bone marrow (BM; BM group, n = 45). Eighteen patients received CD34-selected PBSC (CD34 group). The PBSCs contained more mononuclear cells, CD34+, CD3+, and CD56+cells compared with marrow (P 〈 .001). Engraftment was achieved in all 45 patients in the BM group, in 43 of 45 (95%) in the PBSC group, and in 14 of 18 (78%) in the CD34 group (P 〈 .01). In multivariate analysis, a short time to absolute neutrophil count (ANC) equal to 0.5 × 109/L was associated with the PBSC/CD34 groups (P 〈 .001) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment (P = .017). A short time to platelets equal to 50 × 109/L was associated with PBSC (P = .003) and no methotrexate (P = .015). Grades II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was 20% in the BM controls, 30% in the PBSC group, and 18% in the CD34 group (not significant [NS]). The probability of chronic GVHD was 85% in the BM group, 59% in the PBSC group, and 0% in the CD34 group (P 〈 .01). One-year transplant-related mortality was 21% and 27% and survival was 53% and 54% in the BM and PBSC groups, respectively (NS). The 2-year relapse-free survival was 41% and 46% in the two groups, respectively.
    Print ISSN: 0006-4971
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-0020
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by American Society of Hematology
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