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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 9 (1993), S. 2606-2611 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 49 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The effects of soil pH on sorption of cadmium, zinc, nickel and cobalt were studied by changing the pH of a soil and measuring sorption. Results were compared with published results for effects of pH on sorption of cadmium, zinc and nickel by goethite. In a further experiment, the effects of pH on the uptake of zinc and cobalt by subterranean clover were measured.Effects of pH on sorption were described in terms of the concentration of metal ions required to produce equal sorption. Where the metal ions were incubated with the soil, unit increase in pH decreased the concentration of metal ions required about 10-fold for zinc, about 7-fold for nickel, about 6-fold for cobalt, and about 4-fold for cadmium. When the soil was mixed with a large volume of solution, the effects were similar for zinc and cadmium but slightly smaller for cobalt and slightly larger for nickel. In all cases, the magnitude of the effect varied somewhat with pH. Sorption was greater with a dilute background electroiyte than with a concentrated one and the effects of pH were greater. The effects for soil were smaller than effects of pH on sorption by iron oxides for which unit increase in pH can decrease the required concentration of Zinc 35-fold and cadmium 11-fold.These results are consistent with adsorption of divalent ions on a variable charge surface that is negatively charged. They are not consistent with the adsorption of monovalent metal ions on a variable charge surface. This mechanism requires at least a 10-fold effect of pH. They show that the change in electric potential with change in pH is smaller for reacting surfaces in soil than for goethite. The effects of changing pH on the amounts of zinc and cobalt fertilizer required for equal uptake by plants was even smaller with unit increase in pH, causing a 1.4-fold increase in the amount of fertilizer required, that is, a 1.4-fold decrease in fertilizer effectiveness.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 51 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Observations on the rate of sorption of phosphate by four samples of Danish soils have been re-examined. A previously reported lag phase in plots of log concentration against log time could be ascribed to the use of large solution:soil ratios rather than to the inclusion of short periods of reaction.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 56 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: We measured sorption of selenite and phosphate, both separately and in competition, in a Chilean Andisol. We also used previously published data for competitive sorption of arsenate and phosphate by a clay subsoil. We wrote computer programs that allowed us to compare the fits of differing versions of equations to describe individual sorption and competitive sorption. For the selenite–phosphate data, the index term of the Freundlich equation decreased as concentration increased. This was described using the Sibbesen modification of the Freundlich equation. This modification was then included in competition equations. For both the selenite–phosphate and the arsenate–phosphate data, competition was not ‘symmetrical’, that is, the competition terms were not reciprocals of each other. We think this occurred because competition between ions is not only competition for adsorption sites but also involves electrical effects that follow penetration of the surface.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 50 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A simple equation to describe sorption of anions by goethite would be useful as a means of characterizing batches of goethite and in studies of plant uptake of anions from the sorbed form. A suitable relationship between solution concentration (c) of phosphate or citrate and their sorption (S) by goethite at a constant pH or at different pH values is 〈displayedItem type="mathematics" xml:id="di-fml-1" numbered="no"〉〈mediaResource alt="image" href="urn:x-wiley:13510754:EJSS203:EJSS_203_m1"/〉 where b is a parameter, SMax is the maximum sorption, and a is a parameter at constant pH. In the middle range of sorption (from about 30% to about 70% of maximum sorption) this equation approximated to a Tempkin equation, but the full equation is more useful as it applied over the whole sorption range. The values of a varied with pH. This variation could be explained by changes in the electric potential of the adsorbing surfaces and in the degree of dissociation of the anions. The parameter a could therefore be replaced by a function of pH. The effects were consistent with formation of bidentate phosphate complexes and tridentate citrate complexes with the goethite surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 181 (1958), S. 1806-1807 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] This communication reports the effect of varying the nitrogen and sulphur content of such 'organic matter' on production of ammonium and of sulphate. Mixtures of sucrose, casein, glycine and cysteine were used to vary the nitrogen and sulphur content of the organic matterthe carbon content was ...
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 22 (1990), S. 181-188 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Sigmoid curves ; phosphate response ; substitution rate ; relative effectiveness ; lupins ; subterranean clover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Responses to nutrients are sometimes sigmoid. A series of equations is proposed to describe such curves and to test whether the sigmoid component is significant. These equations are then applied to responses to freshly applied, and to incubated, phosphate by three species of lupin and by subterranean clover. The responses byLupinus angustifolius, and especially by subterranean clover, were sigmoid on a log scale; the response byL. luteus was not significantly sigmoid and the sigmoid component of the response byL. cosentinii was small and only barely significant. The sigmoid response by subterranean clover occured even though it was strongly infected with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza. Including the sigmoid component enabled a closer description of the response and therefore a more precise estimation of the effectiveness of the incubated phosphate relative to that of fresh phosphate. This produced increased confidence in the conclusion that there was no statistically significant differences (P 〈 0.01) in the relative effectiveness of incubated and fresh phosphate amongst the four species of legume.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 26 (1990), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Response curves ; relative effectiveness ; substitution rate ; rock phosphate ; Calciphos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effectiveness of a slowly soluble source of phosphate relative to a soluble source may decrease with increasing levels of application. This may cause yields to approach a lower asymptote. Four methods for measuring this effect are compared using field experiments in which a calcined rock phosphate (Calciphos) was compared with superphosphate for growth of subterranean clover. The methods were: subjective estimates using a hand drawn calibration curve; objective estimates using a fitted calibration curve; objective estimates using the fit of separate response curves; and objective estimates from the fit of a common response surface in which relative effectiveness was related to level of application. The role of these four methods differs. The first method, though often informative, is suitable only for an initial inspection of the data. The other three methods may all be useful for analysis but the fourth method was the most general. It gave the most sensitive statistical test and had the further advantage that it was a direct test of the hypothesis. All four methods showed that the relative effectiveness of Calciphos decreased with increasing levels of application.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 36 (1993), S. iii 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 38 (1994), S. 183-188 
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: plasma selenium ; sheep ; selenium uptake ; slow-release selenium ; subterranean clover
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A slow-release selenium (Se) fertilizer was tested under grazing conditions with merino sheep, in a mediterranean environment on a lateritic podzolic and a non-calcic brown soil in Western Australia. The experimental site was located 80 km east of Perth, Western Australia. Some sheep were maintained on the pasture for 4 yr and other low selenium sheep were introduced at various times over 5 yr to distinguish carryover effects within the sheep from those in the pasture/soil. A single application of the slow-release Se fertilizer based on BaSeO4 at 10 g Se ha−1, maintained adequate Se concentration in the blood to prevent subclinical Se deficiency for 4 yr. A single application of Na2SeO4 fertilizer applied at the same rate was effective for only 15 mo. The difference in solubility between the quick (Na2SeO4) and the slow-release form (BaSeO4) of Se allows alternative management strategies. The quick-release form could be used annually in smaller quantities (2–3 g Se ha−1) where pastures are rotated with crops that do not require Se. The slow-release form at higher application rates (10 g Se ha−1) is more suited to long-term pasture areas which would therefore require infrequent applications of Se. Slow-release Se fertilizers that are controlled by dissolution are well adapted to the mediterranean environment where crop growth is restricted to the cool wet winter months and there is very little soil moisture or plant growth during the summer.
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