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1

Electronic Resource

Atrazine behaviour in the different pedological horizons of two Argentinean non-till soil profiles (2005)

HANG, S ; BARRIUSO, E ; HOUOT, S

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Weed research 45 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-3180

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Atrazine behaviour was investigated in the different pedological horizons from profiles of two non-tilled soils, a Typic Argiustoll and an Entic Haplustoll from the Argentinean pampas. As atrazine use in field conditions was associated with maize cropping, only one type of soil received atrazine every other year. Atrazine behaviour was characterized through the balance of 14C-U-ring atrazine radioactivity among the mineralized fraction, the extractable fraction and the non-extractable bound residues. The composition of the extractable fraction was characterized. Atrazine mineralization was the main dissipation mechanism in the superficial horizon of the Argiustoll because of microbial adaptation after repeated atrazine applications. In contrast, little atrazine mineralization was found in the Haplustoll profile, and it decreased with depth. The capacity of the soil organic matter to form bound residues was characterized using soil-size fractionation. Atrazine-bound residues depended on the soil organic matter content and the size of the fraction. Organic matter in the largest size fractions had a higher capacity to form atrazine-bound residues. In the Argiustoll profile, the atrazine degradation capacity decreased in the subsurface horizons (Bt1 and Bt2), where a large part of bound residues were formed. The deepest horizon (BC) of this profile had a high capacity to degrade atrazine reaching this horizon after a lag period. In the Haplustoll profile, atrazine mineralization and bound residue formation followed the organic carbon mineralization pattern.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2004.00437.x

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2

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Influence of the nature of soil organic matter on the sorption-desorption of 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (1996)

BENOIT, P. ; BARRIUSO, E. ; HOUOT, S. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

European journal of soil science 47 (1996), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2389

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: The sorption–desorption properties of three organic pollutants, 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) and the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on soil organic matter (SOM) were studied using kinetic and equilibrium measurements in aqueous suspensions. Chestnut wood, wheat straw, Kraft lignin, composted straw and a soil humic acid were chosen as sorbents to model different states of humification. Physico–chemical characterization using chemical fractionation, potentiometric titration and IR spectroscopy was done on all sorbents. The microbial biomass, sizes of total bacterial and fungal microflora and phenoloxidases activities were determined for the plant materials. The irreversibility of sorption was revealed by the desorption isotherms. Only a small proportion of 2,4-D, which has little affinity for the fresh organic materials, was desorbed. Sorption of 2,4-DCP was strong on straw but was reversible to a large extent, indicating weaker interactions. By comparison, the sorption of 4-CP was significantly less reversible. Thus, the nature of SOM and the properties of the chemicals strongly influenced the extent of sorption and the type of interactions, and it controlled subsequent desorption and possible transformation of the sorbed species.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.1996.tb01856.x

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3

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On-line measurement of total c and ^1^4C of ^1^4C-Labelled organic matter

Benoit, P. ; Th., C. ; Barriuso, E.

Amsterdam : Elsevier

Soil Biology and Biochemistry 26 (1994), S. 407-411

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ISSN: 0038-0717

Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(94)90291-7

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4

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Fate of 14C-ring-labeled 2,4-D, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 4-chlorophenol during straw composting (1997)

Benoit, P. ; Barriuso, E.

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 25 (1997), S. 53-59

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ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Key words 2 ; 4-D ; Chlorophenols ; Bound residues ; Biotransformation ; Straw composting ; Toxic effects

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Experiments were carried out to study the transformation of 14C-ring-labeled 2,4-D and the two related chlorophenols 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (4-DCP) during straw composting under controlled laboratory conditions. Incubation under sterile and nonsterile conditions was done to evaluate the relative importance of the biotic and abiotic processes. Pre-composted straw was treated with the three chemicals. The availability of the different chemicals was monitored during incubations as well as their degradation. Under nonsterile conditions, the mineralization of both chlorophenols reached 20% of the applied compounds, whereas it was 52% for 2,4-D. Transitory water-soluble metabolites of 2,4-D and chlorophenols were formed but they disappeared rapidly. After 21 days, 21% of the 2,4-D and 38% of the 2,4-DCP was stabilized as nonextractable (bound) residues under nonsterile conditions. Bound residues of both chemicals were negligible under sterile conditions. Availability of chemicals as estimated by water extraction decreased during incubation proportionally to mineralization and to the formation of bound residues. The increase in immobilization of the chemical residues was stronger under nonsterile conditions than under sterile conditions. Under nonsterile conditions 71% of the 4-CP was recovered as bound residues, whereas under sterile conditions 30% of the applied 4-CP formed bound residues after formaldehyde addition and only 8% with autoclaved straw. Global microbial activity decreased in the presence of the chlorophenols probably due to their toxic effect. These data indicate that the biological activity associated with straw transformation during composting stimulates the depletion of 2,4-D and chlorophenols by mineralization and by formation of bound residues.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050279

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5

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How increasing availabilities of carbon and nitrogen affect atrazine behaviour in soils (2000)

Abdelhafid, R. ; Houot, S. ; Barriuso, E.

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 30 (2000), S. 333-340

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ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Key words Atrazine ; Soil ; Microbial degradation ; Glucose ; Mineral nitrogen

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The effect of increasing amounts of glucose and mineral N on the behaviour of atrazine was studied in two soils. One had been exposed to atrazine under field conditions (adapted soil), the other had not (non-adapted soil), resulting, respectively, in an accelerated degradation of atrazine in the adapted soil and in a slow degradation of the herbicide in the non-adapted soil. The dissipation of 14C-atrazine via degradation and formation of non-extractable "bound" residues was followed during laboratory incubations in soils supplemented or not with increasing amounts of glucose and mineral N. In both soils, glucose added at rates of up to 16 g C kg–1 soil did not modify atrazine mineralization but increased the formation of bound residues; this was probably due to the retention of atrazine by the growing microbial biomass. Atrazine dealkylation was enhanced when a large amount of glucose was added. In both soils, the addition of the largest dose of mineral N (2.5 g N kg–1 soil) decreased atrazine mineralization. The simultaneous addition of glucose and mineral N enhanced their effects. When the largest doses of mineral N and glucose were added, atrazine mineralization stopped in both soils, and the proportion of bound residues increased. Glucose and mineral N additions influenced atrazine mineralization to a greater extent in the adapted soil than in the non-adapted one, as revealed by ANOVA, although glucose addition had a greater effect than N. The competition for space and nutrients between atrazine-degrading microorganisms and the total heterotrophic microflora probably contributed to the decrease in atrazine mineralization.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050012

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6

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CINÉTIQUE ET MÉCANISME DE L'HYDROLYSE ACIDE DE LA MATIÈRE ORGANIQUE D'UN SOL HUMIFÈRE DE MONTAGNE (1987)

BARRIUSO, E. ; PORTAL, J. M. ; ANDREUX, F.

Canadian Science Publishing

In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science. 1987; 67(3): 647-658. Published 1987 Aug 01. doi: 10.4141/cjss87-061.

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Publication Date: 1987-08-01

Description: From the surface horizon of an organic-rich mountain soil, humic and fulvic acids, and organo-mineral compounds including clay and hydroxy-metal colloids, were separated and purified. Each of these fractions was hydrolyzed in 3.0 M HCl under reflux, then the reaction parameters related to the solubilization of carbon and nitrogen and to the kinetics of hydrolysis were calculated. Acid hydrolysis was interpreted as the result of two successive steps: first a rapid electrophilic attack of heteroatomic C-O and C-N bonds by protons, then a slow nucleophilic hydration of the protonated bonds. Electron delocalization in these bonds, which increased with the polycondensation degree of organic compounds, and with their adsoprtion on mineral surfaces, resulted in an increase in their stability to hydrolysis. Fulvic acids were found to be the less stable material, and lead to predominantly anionic hydrolysis products. Clay-sized humin was the most stable material and yielded mainly cationic hydrolysates. The stability to hydrolysis and the humification degree of organic matter in the fractions generally coincided, and decreased in the following order: fine clay-sized humin 〉 alkali dispersible organo-mineral colloids 〉 〉 humic acids 〉 hydroxy-ferric organic colloids 〉 hydroxy-aluminium organic colloids = fulvic acids. Key words: Organo-mineral complex, humic substances, acid hydrolysis, carbon, nitrogen

Print ISSN: 0008-4271

Electronic ISSN: 1918-1841

Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition