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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 36 (1995), S. 6161-6179 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: The physics of quantum gravity is discussed within the framework of topological quantum field theory. Some of the principles are illustrated with examples taken from theories in which space–time is three dimensional. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 39 (1998), S. 3296-3302 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Relativistic spin networks are defined by considering the spin covering of the group SO(4), SU(2)×SU(2). Relativistic quantum spins are related to the geometry of the two-dimensional faces of a 4-simplex. This extends the idea of Ponzano and Regge that SU(2) spins are related to the geometry of the edges of a 3-simplex. This leads us to suggest that there may be a four-dimensional state sum model for quantum gravity based on relativistic spin networks that parallels the construction of three-dimensional quantum gravity from ordinary spin networks. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 21 (2003), S. 377-423 
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Large DNA viruses defend against hostile assault executed by the host immune system by producing an array of gene products that systematically sabotage key components of the inflammatory response. Poxviruses target many of the primary mediators of innate immunity including interferons, tumor necrosis factors, interleukins, complement, and chemokines. Poxviruses also manipulate a variety of intracellular signal transduction pathways such as the apoptotic response. Many of the poxvirus genes that disrupt these pathways have been hijacked directly from the host immune system, while others have demonstrated no clear resemblance to any known host genes. Nonetheless, the immunological targets and the diversity of strategies used by poxviruses to disrupt these host pathways have provided important insights into diverse aspects of immunology, virology, and inflammation. Furthermore, because of their anti-inflammatory nature, many of these poxvirus proteins hold promise as potential therapeutic agents for acute or chronic inflammatory conditions.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 64 (1993), S. 433-453 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: 65N30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary We consider the finite element approximation of a quasi-Newtonian flow, where the viscosity obeys the Carreau or power law. For sufficiently regular solutions we prove energy type error bounds for the velocity and pressure. These bounds improve on existing results in the literature.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 68 (1994), S. 437-456 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): 65N30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary. We consider the finite element approximation of a non-Newtonian flow, where the viscosity obeys a general law including the Carreau or power law. For sufficiently regular solutions we prove energy type error bounds for the velocity and pressure. These bounds improve on existing results in the literature. A key step in the analysis is to prove abstract error bounds initially in a quasi-norm, which naturally arises in degenerate problems of this type.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 82 (1999), S. 21-56 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):65N30, 65N15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. Given $ \nu \in{\Bbb R}_{+} $ , we consider the following problem: find $u 〉 0$ , such that \begin{displaymath} -\Delta u = cu^{-\nu} \quad \mbox{in}\,\, \Omega\,, \quad u = 0 \quad \mbox{on}\,\, \partial \Omega\,, \end{displaymath} where $\Omega \subset{\Bbb R}^{d},\, d = 1,\,2$ or 3, and $c 〉 0$ in $\bar{\Omega}$ . We prove $H^{1}$ and $L^{\infty}$ error bounds for the standard continuous piecewise linear Galerkin finite element approximation with a (weakly) acute triangulation. Our bounds are nearly optimal. In addition, for d = 1 and 2 and $c \in{\Bbb R}_{+}$ we analyze a more practical scheme involving numerical integration on the nonlinear term. We obtain nearly optimal $H^{1}$ and $L^{\infty}$ error bounds for d = 1. For this case we also present some numerical results.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 59 (1991), S. 217-242 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): G5N30 ; CR: G1.8
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Given λ〉0 andp∈(0,1), we consider the following problem: findu such that $$\begin{gathered} - \Delta u + \lambda [u]_ + ^p = 0in\Omega , \hfill \\ u = 1on\partial \Omega , \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ whereΩ⊂ℝ2 is a smooth convex domain. We prove optimalH 1 andL ∞ error bounds for the standard continuous piecewise linear Galerkin finite element approximation. In addition we analyse a more practical approximation using numerical integration on the nonlinear term. Finally we consider a modified nonlinear SOR algorithm, which is shown to be globally convergent, for solving the algebraic system derived from the more practical approximation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 60 (1991), S. 291-313 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: 65M60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary Optimal orderH 1 andL ∞ error bounds are obtained for a continuous piecewise linear finite element approximation of the volume matching problem. This problem consists of minimising |v| 1,ω 2 overv∈H 1(ω) subject to the inequality constraintv≧0 and a number of linear equality constraints. The presence of the equality constraints leads to Lagrange multipliers, which in turn lead to complications with the standard error analysis for variational inequalities. Finally we consider an algorithm for solving the resulting algebraic problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: AMS(MOS): 65N30 ; CR: G1.8
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary This paper considers a fully practical piecewise linear finite element approximation of the Dirichlet problem for a second order self-adjoint elliptic equation,Au=f, in a smooth regionΩ⊂〈ℝ n (n=2 or 3) by the boundary penalty method. Using an unfitted mesh; that isΩ h , an approximation of Ω with dist (Ω,Ω h )≦Ch 2 is not in general a union of elements; and assumingu∈H 4 (Ω) we show that one can recover the total flux across a segment of the boundary of Ω with an error ofO(h 2). We use these results to study a fully practical piecewise linear finite element approximation of an elliptic equation by the boundary penalty method when the prescribed data on part of the boundary is the total flux.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 72 (1995), S. 1-20 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):65M60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary. An error bound is proved for a fully practical piecewise linear finite element approximation, using a backward Euler time discretization, of the Cahn-Hilliard equation with a logarithmic free energy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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