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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The simultaneous use of 14CO2 and 15N2 labelling techniques to study the carbon and nitrogen economy of legumes grown under natural conditions (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 56 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A method based on simultaneous short-term exposure to 14CO2 and 15N2 is described for studying nitrogen fixation and distribution in legumes relative to carbon assimilation and use. Equipment designed to accomodate experiments under natural conditions with very little disturbance of the N2 fixing association is used. It permits continuous measurement and regulation of variables such as air temperature, humidity and CO2 concentration as well as soil aeration. Measurements of distribution and use of assimilates, respiration of nodulated roots, quantitative N2 fixation and the distribution and fate of fixed N as a function of time lead to a precise estimation of C and N budgets for each labelling period. When experiments are done at several phenological stages they give a new insight into the complex C and N interrelations in legume symbiosis.A series of trials throughout the growth period of Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Hodgson demonstrated the sensitivity of the method. The development of the plants from vegetative to reproductive stages was accompanied by a complete change in the distribution patterns of current assimilates and products of nitrogen fixation. Maximum sink strength moved from the leaves to the pods and seeds which ended up receiving 70% of the incoming C and 35% of the fixed N. The fact that up to 85% of fixed N in the plants was in the reproductive organs at maturity can be accounted for by remobilisation from vegetative parts.The respiration of nodulated roots utilized 33% of carbon translocated to below-ground plant parts before nitrogen fixation started, but as much as 50% during the period of optimal fixation. The advantages and limitations of the isotopic method described are critically discussed as a prelude to future investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1982.tb04898.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activity, size and structure of a Nitrobacter community as affected by organic carbon and nitrite in sterile soil (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Nitrobacter is the most common nitrite-oxidizing genus isolated from natural environments. In soil, several Nitrobacter strains can coexist. It is now well known that in pure cultures these strains are able to use organic carbon for their growth with highly variable efficiencies. Our purpose was to examine the role of nitrite or organic carbon as factors governing the evolution of the structure, the density and the activity of a Nitrobacter community in soil. This study has been performed on a recreated nitrite-oxidizing community consisting of 3 Nitrobacter strains co-inoculated into sterile soil and differing in their metabolic potentialities: a preferentially autotrophic strain (N. agilis strain AG), a preferentially mixotrophic strain (Nitrobacter genomic species 2 strain LL) and a preferentially heterotrophic strain (N. hamburgensis strain X14). Whatever the enrichments performed (0.271 or 1.353 mg NO2−-N g−1 dry soil or 1 mg sodium acetate g−1 dry soil), we observed a first phase of multiplication of the total Nitrobacter cells until day 7 or 15, and then, a stabilization of the community until the end of the experiment (day 48). The growth and level of stabilization of this Nitrobacter community as well as the competition between strains in the first phase were predominantly controlled by soil nitrite concentration, resulting in a dominance of the more autotrophic strains. The stabilization of the community resulted from a drastic decrease in nitrite-oxidation activity due not only to a direct nitrite limitation but also probably to a limiting O2 effect of the cells' ability to utilize nitrite. The competition was then predominantly monitored by strains' ability to utilize organic carbon for aerobic or anaerobic respiration. The autotrophy/heterotrophy shift strongly modified the result of the competition obtained at the end of the growth stage by inducing drastic declines of the more autotrophic strain and allowing continuous growth of the more heterotrophic strain. This suggests that heterotrophy being more tolerant than autotrophy to environmental changes, organic carbon could be a more permanent structuring factor of the Nitrobacter community than nitrite in soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1997.tb00433.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterologous hybridization of Frankia DNA to Rhizobium meliloti and Klebsiella pneumoniae nif genes (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 55 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A nif gene probe from Rhizobium meliloti was used to isolate a recombinant bacteriophage from a Frankia sp. ArI3 gene bank. There is a large homology between nifD and nifH genes of R. meliloti or Klebsiella pneumoniae and Frankia DNA sequences. Approximately 4.5 kb to the right of nifK, we have localized a DNA region hybridizing to a R. meliloti probe containing nifA and nifB genes. The extent of the homology was greater for nifB than for nifA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb13923.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of natural populations of Nitrobacter spp. using PCR/RFLP analysis of the ribosomal intergenic spacer (1992)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 157 (1992), S. 107-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrobacter ; Nitrification ; Natural population ; soil ; freshwater ; sediments ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Intergenic spacer ; ribosomal RNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA sequences from the intergenic spacer (IGS) region of the ribosomal operon were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique using two primers derived from 16S and 23S rRNA conserved sequences. The PCR products, cleaved by 4 base cutting restriction enzymes, were used to differentiate Nitrobacter strains. This method offered a convenient alternative to serological testing for characterization of Nitrobacter isolates and enabled a large number of strains to be genotypically characterized easily and rapidly. This method was successfully used to characterize natural populations of Nitrobacter from various soils and a lake. A diversity was demonstrated in various soils, and in a lake both in freshwater and in sediments. Strains closely related to both WL and LL were found in these eco-systems. It seems that the diversity of Nitrobacter populations was not associated with global environments but may be related to the presence of locally coexisting niches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00245277
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conservation of nif sequences in Frankia (1988)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 213 (1988), S. 238-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Frankia ; Nitrogen fixation ; Alnus ; Symbiosis ; nifH nucleotide sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Southern blots of Frankia total DNAs were hybridized with nifHDK probes from Rhizobium meliloti, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Frankia strain Arl3. Differences between strains were noted in the size of the hybridizing restriction fragments. These differences were more pronounced among Elaeagnus-compatible strains than among Alnus- or Casuarina-compatible strains. Gene banks constructed for Frankia strains EUN1f, HRN18a, CeD and ACoN24d were used to isolate nif-hybridizing restriction fragments for subsequent mapping and comparisons. The nifH zone had the highest sequence conservation and the nifH and nifD genes were found to be contiguous. The complete nucleotide sequence of the nifH open reading frame (ORF) from Frankia strain Arl3 is 861 bp in length and encodes a polypeptide of 287 amino acids. Comparisons of these nucleic acid and amino acid sequences with other published nifH sequences suggest that Frankia is most similar to Anabaena and Azotobacter spp. and K. pneunoniae and least similar to the Gram-positive Clostridium pasteurianum and to the archaebacterium Methanococcus voltae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00339587
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic diversity amongFrankia isolated from Casuarina nodules (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 118 (1989), S. 241-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: actinorhizae ; Casuarina ; Frankia ; nif ; genes ; RFLPs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The nodulation ability of variousFrankia strains isolated from the nodules of Casuarina were tested on two Casuarina species (C. equisetifolia andC. glauca), and onHippophaë rhamnoides. We found that the isolates could be separated into two groups, some of them being unable to reinfect the Casuarina host-plant but infective onH. rhamnoides. Other isolates effectively nodulated the original Casuarina host-plant. The second purpose of this study was to examine the genetic diversity among the Casuarina-isolated strains using well-characterized symbiotic genes as hybridization probes. We found a relationship between nodulation characteristics and hybridization patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02232812
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Localization of nif genes on a large plasmid in Frankia sp. strain ULQ0132105009 (1986)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 204 (1986), S. 492-495 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Frankia ; Nif genes ; Nitrogen fixation ; Plasmid ; Actinorhizal symbiosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We report that in DNA from one Frankia sp. strain at least some of the nif genes are located on a large indigenous plasmid of 190 kb. Using the cloned nitrogenase structural genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae as hybridization probes, homology was detected with a 5.6 kb EcoRI fragment from the Frankia sp. plasmid. This 5.6 kb fragment was cloned; used as a probe it hybridized to the nif K, D and H genes from Rhizobium meliloti and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The nif probes also hybridized on total DNA blots to a 10 kb EcoRI fragment that is not present on plasmid DNA, suggesting that the nif genes could be located on more than one replicon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331030
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  • 8
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    Characterization of natural populations of Nitrobacter spp. using PCR/RFLP analysis of the ribosomal intergenic spacer (1992)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-8933
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-072X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Genetic diversity amongFrankia isolated from Casuarina nodules (1989)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-079X
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5036
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Activity, size and structure of a Nitrobacter community as affected by organic carbon and nitrite in sterile soil (2006)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-17
    Print ISSN: 0168-6496
    Electronic ISSN: 1574-6941
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Federation of European Microbiological Societies.
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