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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Odour-plume dynamics influence the brain's olfactory code (2001)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 410 (2001), S. 466-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The neural computations used to represent olfactory information in the brain have long been investigated. Recent studies in the insect antennal lobe suggest that precise temporal and/or spatial patterns of activity underlie the recognition and discrimination of different odours, and that these ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35068559
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of volatile compounds from fungus-infected date fruit that stimulate upwind flight in femaleEctomyelois ceratoniae (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 233-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Ectomyelois ceratoniae ; carob moth ; host-finding ; Phoenix dactylifera ; dates ; gas chromatography-electrophysiology ; mass spectrometry ; wind tunnel ; attraction ; volatiles ; headspace
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four volatile compounds emitted from fungus-infected date fruit,Phoenix dactylifera L., were identified using coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic recordings, coupled gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis, electroantennographic assays of synthetic standards, and wind tunnel bioassays. These compounds were ethyl hexanoate, ethanol, acetaldehyde, and 2-phenylethanol. Wind tunnel bioassays showed that ethyl hexanoate was capable of stimulating upwind flight and landing on the source by mated female carob moths,Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller). Addition of both ethanol and acetaldehyde to ethyl hexanoate resulted in an increase in attraction to a level similar to that found for date fruits. No such effect was noted for additions of 2-phenylethanol at the dosages tested. In this study, it appears that ethyl hexanoate is a dominant olfactory stimulant and attractant for mated female carob moths, and represents a novel compound with regard to previously identified lepidopteran host odor attractants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383810
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of the response to sex pheromone in the oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) following successive pheromonal exposures (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 5 (1992), S. 347-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: oriental fruit moth ; Grapholita molesta ; sex pheromone ; habituation ; spontaneous recovery ; aging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of prior pheromonal experience upon the pheromone- mediated upwind flight response was examined in the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta(Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Adult male G. molestawere subjected to a parallel series of staggered and repeated pheromonal exposures in a sustained-flight wind tunnel. Levels of response to pheromone in male G. molestasignificantly decreased in a (a) rectilinear function with increased ages of individuals, (b) logarithmic function of successive trials, and (c) steeper logarithmic function of successive trials with increased dosage of sex pheromone. The baseline levels of responding were not affected by either the (a) dosage of sex pheromone, (b) posteclosion ages of individuals for their initial exposures once the main effect of age itself was estimated, (c) elapsed time in hours between trials, or (d) discrete days of testing as integral intervals, disregarding hours within days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01049843
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual feedback in the control of pheromone-mediated flight ofHeliothis virescens males (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 7 (1994), S. 605-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Heliothis ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; pheromone ; visual feedback
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract MaleHeliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were made to fly into a uniformly white and translucent tube within a large wind tunnel while responding to sex pheromone. Different visual patterns placed within the tube greatly affected the ability of the male moths to maintain upwind progress or remain oriented to the wind while in contact with the plume. Over 89% of males attempting to fly through a blank tube, lacking visual patterns, became disoriented, the males gaining or losing altitude and repeatedly hitting the sides of the tube. Patterns of 20–40 dots placed on the sides of the tube at or slightly above plume level resulted in high levels of sustained upwind flight (47–74%) relative to patterns placed directly below (30–40%), directly above (35%), or slightly below the level of the flight path (26–44%). Optimal upwind progression in pheromone-responding males occurred when image motion could be resolved both transversely (T), orthogonally to the longitudinal axis of the body relative to the horizontal plane of the environment, and longitudinally (L), along the body axis. Even very sparse patterns (single rows of dots) could elicit high levels of sustained upwind flight (53–63%) when positioned within the tube such that the males' movements would create both L and T image motion. However, successful negotiation of the tube was also unexpectedly facilitated by patterns apparently providing no horizontal transverse component for flying males but providing longitudinal flow while centering the moth in the plume through a symmetrical left-right input (4–40%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01997435
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of varying sex pheromone component ratios on the zigzagging flight movements of the oriental fruit moth,Grapholita molesta (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 1 (1988), S. 357-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Grapholita molesta ; Lepidoptera ; optomotor anemotaxis ; pheromone ; counterturn ; zigzag ; flight ; orientation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract As the ratio of (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate (E8–12∶Ac) to (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8–12∶Ac) increased past optimal low levels in the pheromone blend, fewer males were able to fly 2.5 m upwind to the source. The tracks of males that flew in plumes of such high-(E)off-blends were slower and narrower than those of males flying to lower-(E)blends. The tracks were narrower, first of all, because as the proportion of E8–12∶Ac increased, the males steered more into the wind. More of their thrust was directed upwind and therefore their groundspeed to either side of the windline was reduced. In addition, males also reduced their airspeeds to high-(E)blends, which contributed to the decreased groundspeeds and narrower tracks. No significant changes in the frequency of counterturning were found in response to increasing proportions of E8–12∶Ac. The inability to continue upwind flight in a plume of an off ratio was indicated by in-flight arrestment in the plume. Arrestment resulted from changes in the course angles steered by the males and the airspeeds flown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01054498
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MaleHeliothis virescens maintain upwind flight in response to experimentally pulsed filaments of their sex pheromone (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 5 (1992), S. 669-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Heliothis virescens ; Noctuidae ; Lepidoptera ; upwind flight ; sex pheromone ; filaments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Aspects of the intermittent fine structure of an odor plume were mimicked and experimentally modified in the wind tunnel using an air-pulsing device. Filaments of a behaviorally active blend of six sex-pheromone components created by the device in a temporally regular fashion elicited sustained upwind flight and source location in male Heliothis virescens.Males did not exhibit sustained upwind flight in significant numbers until a frequency of 4 filaments/s was delivered, at a loading of 1 μg of the major component, Z11-16: Ald, with the other components loaded at their appropriate ratios. A loading of 10 μg Z11-16: Ald was found to be optimal at this filament delivery rate. Electroantennogram recordings to different filament delivery rates of the complete blend indicated that a stationary male antenna can respond to the pulse rates used in this study. Importantly, when a main component necessary for upwind flight, Z9-14:Ald, was isolated into its own filaments and pulsed alternately against filaments of the five other components (including the other component essential for upwind flight, Z11-16: Ald), upwind flight to the source was significantly reduced (9%) compared to upwind flight and source location in response to filaments composed of the entire blend (30%), indicating that the complete pheromone blend must arrive on the antenna simultaneously for optimal evocation of sustained upwind progress. Neurophysiological evidence from other studies suggests that higher-order interneurons whose phasic response is enhanced when the entire blend is presented simultaneously may be of importance in explaining this behavioral difference stemming from synchronous vsasynchronous arrival of the components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01047979
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antagonistic Effect of (Z)-11-Hexadecen-1-ol on the Pheromone-Mediated Flight of Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 12 (1999), S. 701-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Helicoverpa zea ; upwind flight ; sex pheromone ; antagonist ; wind tunnel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Flight-tunnel experiments were conducted using Helicoverpa zea males to determine whether or not (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol (Z11-16:OH), a compound emitted by another heliothine moth species, Heliothis subflexa, is a behavioral antagonist when admixed with the two-component pheromone blend of H. zea. Males were less likely to fly upwind all the way to the source when 0.3% Z11-16:OH was present in the blend. Even 0.1% Z11-16:OH caused differences in the flight behavior of H. zea males; they steered more off the windline than males responding to the pheromone blend alone, resulting in more oblique track angles. Thus Z11-16:OH appears to act antagonistically, along with another compound, (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate (Z11-16:Ac), when it is added to the H. zea pheromone blend.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020935905506
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex pheromone dosage and blend specificity of response by oriental fruit moth males (1981)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 30 (1981), S. 269-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Grapholitha molesta ; oriental fruit moth ; sex pheromone-mediated behavior ; attraction ; arrestment ; (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate ; (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate ; (Z)-8-dodecenyl alcohol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Sexualverhalten männlicher Falter des Pfirsichtriebwicklers, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), gegenüber verschiedenen Dosierungen und Mischungen von (Z)-8- und (E)-8-Dodecenylacetat wurde untersucht. Ein stetiger Aufwindflug, der zum Auffinden der Duftquelle führte, konnte nur im mittleren Dosierungs- und Mischungsbereich beobachtet werden. Ausserhalb dieses Optimums war die Dosierung offenbar entweder zu hoch oder zu niedrig, um eine deutliche Anlockung, d.h. einen gerichteten Flug innerhalb der Duftfahne zu bewirken; bei hoher Konzentration näherten sich die Tiere der Quelle nur auf bestimmte Distanz (arrestment). Freilandversuche mit Fallen führten zu ähnlichen Ergebnissen, nur dass dort das Dosierungsoptimum bei ca. zehnmal höheren Werten lag als in den Versuchen im Windkanal. Der bei hohen Mengen an E-Isomer (hohe Dosis oder hohes E/Z-verhältnis) beobachtete Arrestment-Effekt könnte auf Erhöhung der Drehbewegungen oder Verringerung der Fluggeschwindigkeit zurückzuführen sein.
    Notes: Abstract The sex pheromone-mediated responses of male oriental fruit moths, Grapholitha molesta (Busck), to an array of blends and dosages of Z8-12Ac and E8-12:Ac, were analyzed. Males exhibited sustained upwind flight resulting in source location only to intermediate blends and dosages. This optimal range of treatments appeared to be bounded by dosages too low or too high to result in significant attraction (net within-plume displacement toward the source), the higher concentrations causing arrestment (no net within-plume displacement) at some distance from the source. Similar results were obtained in field-trapping studies with the same treatments, except that the optimal dosages were moved up about 10-fold. Increased turning and decreased linear velocity could account for arrestment with increasing amounts of the (E) isomer in high dosages and high (E)/(Z) ratio blends.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347707
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical communication in heliothine moths. VII. Correlation between diminished responses to point-source plumes and single filaments similarly tainted with a behavioral antagonist (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 180 (1997), S. 523-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Sex pheromone  ;  Flight  ;  Heliothis virescens  ;  Noctuidae  ;  Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Addition of (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac) into a normally attractive binary blend of Heliothis virescens pheromone components resulted in a suppression of upwind flight and source location by males. Male response was reduced even at the lowest dosages of Z11-16:Ac tested but upwind flight and source location were most clearly reduced when the loading of Z11-16:Ac reached 10% or more of the (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald) loading (the major component present in the binary blend). Similar patterns of suppression in response were noted when Z11-16:Ac was added to binary blends of pheromone components at both 10 and 100 μg loadings of Z11-16:Ald. Males in casting flight following upwind flight in a mechanically generated pulsed plume, responded to the interception of a subsequent, single binary-blend filament by making a toward-source upwind surge. Responses of males to a single filament that was tainted by a level of Z11-16:Ac that had allowed some reduced level of upwind flight and source location to occur in the previous plume experiments were diminished compared with their control counterparts. Analysis of the flight tracks revealed that the surges in response to single tainted filaments were stunted because males made fewer significant changes in course angles steered, airspeeds generated, and in the tempo of counterturns executed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050069
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A hierarchical/relational approach to modeling (1990)
    Springer
    Computational economics 3 (1990), S. 63-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9974
    Keywords: Hierarchical/relational approach ; math programming modeling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Economics
    Notes: Abstract We describe a hierarchical/relational approach to math programming modeling. The approach transforms free-form generic modeling constructs into linear and nonlinear models which are independent of end-user data structures. The underlying relationships with graph-based interfaces and the inherent aggregation/disaggregation capabilities of the approach are also discussed. The modeling approach will be illustrated with several process industry applications including distribution planning, operations planning, and production scheduling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00435404
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