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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation by sucrose-density fractionation and cultivation in vitro of actinomycetes from nitrogen-fixing root nodules (1979)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 281 (1979), S. 76-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Root nodules (0.25 g fresh weight) from plants of E. umbellata Thunb., growing in nitrogen-free one-quarter-strength Hoagland's water culture solution5, were surface-sterilised for 15 min in 50ml of a 30% (v/v) solution of Clorox (5.25% NaOCl) to which one drop of Tween 20 had been added as a ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/281076a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships among pure cultured strains of Frankia based on host specificity (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 70 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Fifty strains of Frankia were tested for their ability to nodulate six species of actinorhizal plants. Pure cultured strains were used to inoculate seedlings of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Alnus rubra Bong., Casuarina equisetifolia L., Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Hippophaë rhamnoides L. and Myrica cerifera L. in nutrient solution culture. From the results of this study, host inoculation groups among the actinorhizal plants were defined. Although overlap between host inoculation groups appears to be common, the results from this study did not support the view that Frankia strains are promiscuous. All Frankia strains tested in this study could easily be classified into four major host-specificity groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1987.tb06139.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of oxygen and chloramphenicol on Frankia nitrogenase activity (1986)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 144 (1986), S. 233-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Frankia ; Nitrogenase ; Enzyme kinetics ; Decay rate ; Synthesis rate ; Oxygen inactivation ; Chloramphenicol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of asymbiotic nitrogenase activity in three strains of the actinomycete Frankia were studied. Decay rates for enzyme activity were determined by adding chloramphenicol to active acetylene-reducing cells and measuring the time required for all activity to cease. Synthesis rates were measured by bubbling oxygen through actively-reducing cells (which totally destroyed all activity) and then measuring the time required for activity to return to normal. Decay rates (t 1/2) for these three strains were approximately 30 to 40 min. Synthesis rates were slower and initial nitrogenase activities were recorded about 110 min (DDB 011610) or 210 min (DDB 020210 and WgCc1.17) after return to air-equilibrated cultures. Frankia strain WgCc1.17 showed a greater sensitivity to oxygen and nitrogenase activity was totally lost when cells were bubbled only with atmospheric concentrations of oxygen. The results presented here indicate that nitrogenase activity turnover time is relatively rapid, on the order of minutes rather than hours or days. However, regulation of nitrogenase activity will differ from one strain to another and asmmbiotic characterization will be useful for understanding nitrogenase regulation in the bacterial-plant symbiosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410953
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methods for the quantification ofFrankia cell biomass (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 118 (1989), S. 199-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: biomass ; Frankia ; methods ; packed cell volume ; protein ; quantification ; turbidity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Six methods for the estimation of microbial biomass were compared for determination ofFrankia cell concentrations. Six strains ofFrankia were cultivated in stationary culture, harvested by centrifugation, washed with saline buffer and diluted to five standardized concentrations. These cell suspensions were then used to assess reliability of each of the biomass determination methods. The destructive total protein determination methods were the most sensitive and reliable. Two non-destructive methods, packed cell volume and turbidity measurement, were also accurate, and because of their simplicity hold advantage for routine growth measurements and inoculum dilutions. Dry weight determinations were inconsistent for the small cell masses used in this study. An ELISA procedure demonstrated reliability but little sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02232807
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of substrate nitrate concentration on symbiotic nodule formation in actinorhizal plants (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 118 (1989), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alnus glutinosa ; Casuarina cunninghamiana ; Elaeagnus angustifolia ; infection process ; Myrica cerifera ; nitrate inhibition ; nodule development ; root hair
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The response ofAlnus glutinosa, Casuarina cunninghamiana, Elaeagnus angustifolia andMyrica cerifera to a range of substrate nitrogen levels in solution, in relation to plant growth, infection, nodulation and root fine structure was studied. Nine concentrations of potassium nitrate ranging from 0.05 to 3.0 mM, were tested on each of the species. Plants were inoculated withFrankia pure cultures after a two week exposure to one of the nine levels of added nitrate. After six more weeks with constant exposure to nitrate, plants were harvested and assayed. With the exception of Myrica, regression analyses of whole plant dry weights as a function of added nitrate were highly significant. There was a tendency for nodulated plants grown at intermediate levels of added nitrate to exhibit higher relative growth rates, probably due to the additive effect of substrate nitrogen and fixation of atmospheric nitrogen. The mean numbers of nodules per plant were, with the exception of Alnus, significantly higher at intermediate levels of added nitrate, as were mean nodule dry weights. A highly significant inverse relationship between nodule weight as a percentage of whole plant weight was found in Elaeagnus and Myrica. The observed response of Elaeagnus to added nitrate compared to other actinorhizal plants appears to demonstrate that root hair infected plants are much more sensitive to the inhibitory effects of added nitrate than plants infected by intercellular penetration. A sharp reduction in the presence of root hairs at high concentrations of nitrate was observed. This indicates that the inhibition of nodulation in some actinorhizal plant species results from nitrate induced root hair suppression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02232804
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 78 (1984), S. IX 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277833
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A modified sucrose fractionation procedure for the isolation of frankiae from actinorhizal root nodules and soil samples (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 78 (1984), S. 23-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Actinorhizal plants ; Bacterial isolation techniques ; Frankia ; Nitrogen fixation ; Root nodules ; Soil ; Sucrose density fractionation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The isolation and pure culture of the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing frankiae has always been difficult. In the past the isolation of these actinomycetes directly from soil samples has proven impossible and isolations from root nodules of many genera has been only poorly successful. We report here a modified sucrose fractionation procedure which increased the success of isolations from root nodules and which permitted the isolation ofFrankia directly from soil samples. Crushed nodule suspensions or soil suspensions were incubated briefly in 0.7% phenol (carbolic acid) just before application to a sucrose density gradient. This phenol incubation decreased the number of contaminating eubacteria and fungi but more importantly increased the number ofFrankia developing on the isolation plates. If the phenol incubation was used solely without sucrose fractionation noFrankia were isolated, suggesting the death of the organisms due to phenol toxicity. The use of selective nitrogen-deficient media proved important for the isolation of frankiae from soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277837
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Actinorhizal host-specificity of Chinese Frankia strains (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 144 (1992), S. 113-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: actinorhizal plants ; cross-inoculation ; Frankia ; host specificity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Cross-inoculation studies of numerous Frankia strains of Asian origin, primarily Chinese, were undertaken to determine whether previously described host specificity groups (HSG) were valid. Each strain was inoculated onto seedlings of Alnus glutinosa, Casuarina cunninghamiana, Elaeagnus angustifolia and Myrica cerifera in solution culture, and the presence of nodules scored after eight weeks. All strains tested fell into three of the four HSG descriptions of Baker (1987). Our results indicate that among pure cultured Frankia strains derived from Asia there exists less diversity than those of North America and Europe, in regard to host specificity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00018851
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-retentive polymers increase nodulation of actinorhizal plants inoculated with Frankia (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 214 (1999), S. 105-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Actinorhiza ; Alnus ; Casuarina ; Frankia ; Nodulation ; Water-retentive polymers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Actinorhizal plants form a nodular, nitrogen-fixing root symbiosis with the actinomycete Frankia and are economically and ecologically important due to their ability to improve the nitrogen fertility of disturbed and infertile substrates. In this study, water-retentive polymer inoculum carriers were applied as a root dip. This treatment significantly increased nodulation and in some cases early growth of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. and Casuarina equisetifolia var. equisetifolia Forst. & Forst. in a controlled environment and also of A. glutinosa under field conditions. Nodule number and nodule dry weight per plant were at least two to three times greater after 56 to 140 days for plants inoculated with Frankia carried in a water-retentive polymer base compared with plants inoculated with Frankia in water. Nodules on the roots of the plants that were inoculated with Frankia in a polymer slurry were distributed throughout the entire root system, rather than concentrated near the root collar. When amended with water-retentive polymers, actinorhizal plants inoculated with 5- to 10-fold lower titers of Frankia exhibited early growth and nodule numbers equal to or greater than those plants inoculated with standard titers without polymers. The water-retentive, superabsorbent polymers clearly increased the nodulation of two actinorhizal plant species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004634804354
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  • 10
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    Identification of Inhibitors of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase from Microbial Extracts. (2000)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0021-8820
    Electronic ISSN: 1881-1469
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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