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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pre-amorphization of polycrystalline silicon on agglomeration of TiSi2 in subquarter micron Si lines (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 4943-4948 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We investigated the effect of C49-to-C54 conversion behavior on the agglomeration of Ti-silicide fabricated on subquarter micron polycrystalline Si lines by comparing pre-amorphized samples with conventional ones. Pre-amorphization of polycrystalline Si enhances the C49-to-C54 transformation on subquarter micron linewidths, however, it results in the early development of macroscopic grooves during the second rapid thermal annealing. From these results, we suggest the existence of an extra thermal budget during the second rapid thermal annealing of the pre-amorphized samples, which deteriorates the thermal stability of the C54-TiSi2 featured line. It is also shown that C49-to-C54 transformation on a 0.2 μm linewidth in the conventional samples has two kinds of competing factors when postannealing is added. One is the tendency of C54 transformation and the other is agglomeration of C49-TiSi2 grains. During high temperature annealing (〉850 °C), C49-TiSi2 has been agglomerated by a thinning mechanism instead of transformation into the C54 phase. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371523
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of epitaxial CoSi2 spike in Co/Si3N4/Si(100) system and its crystallographic structure (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2284-2286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The formation of CoSi2 spike in the Co/Si3N4/Si(100) system and its crystallographic structure have been investigated. An annealing at 1050 °C caused not only agglomeration of Co film but penetration of Co agglomerates through the Si3N4 layer. The CoSi2 spike of B type epitaxial and twinned orientation of CoSi2[110](parallel)Si[110], Si(111¯)(parallel)CoSi2(1¯11¯) and Si(1¯1¯1)(parallel)CoSi2(11¯1) was formed in the Si substrate by the penetrated Co source. The formation of the epitaxial CoSi2 spike can be explained by the fast diffusion of Co atoms along defects in Si such as dislocations resulting from stress between the Si3N4 layer and the Si substrate. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121703
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of CoTi barrier and increased thermal stability of CoSi2 film in Ti capped Co/Si(100) system (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2302-2304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We investigated the formation of CoSi2 for Ti capped Co on (100) Si substrate with emphasis on the Co–Ti interaction and its effect on thermal stability. A 15 nm thick Ti capping layer is shown to improve the interfacial roughness and thermal stability of CoSi2 film grown on Si substrate compared with TiN capping. The increased uniformity of silicide/Si(100) interface is speculated to result from retarded Co–Si reaction by the formation of CoTi binary phase. And the high thermal stability can be explained by the fact that the amount of Ti atoms in CoSi2 film for Ti capping is much higher than what is in TiN capping. It is likely that the surface Ti diffuses rapidly into CoSi2 grain boundaries and slows down the agglomeration process, thereby increasing thermal stability while Ti in TiN capping did not. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.121804
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of shadow mask vibration and Q value using two position-sensitive detectors (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (2002), S. 216-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A noncontact optical system that can measure both the vibration characteristics of the shadow mask and the relative distance (Q value) between the shadow mask and the phosphor surface of the glass panel of a cathode ray tube (CRT) is developed. Two position-sensitive detectors (PSDs) were employed to detect the positions of two beams that were reflected by the shadow mask surface and the inner surface of the glass panel. The relative distance between them is critical for the performance of the CRT. The vibration signals obtained from the PSDs were displayed in both temporal domain and spectral domain by using LabView software. The resonance frequencies of 20, 75, 400, and 490 Hz were identified and the low 20 Hz component was responsible for generating discomfort to the human eye. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1427414
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of antigen-specific immune responses by oral vaccination with Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxIIA (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 43 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: An effective way of inducing both mucosal and systemic immune responses to protect against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 Korean isolate was examined in mice by oral immunization using Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing the ApxIIA protein. The immunogenicity of the yeast-derived ApxIIA antigen was confirmed by the challenge test and ApxIIA-specific IgG antibody response assay. The group subcutaneously immunized with the protein extracted from the yeast expressing ApxIIA showed a higher survival rate after challenging with A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 isolate and IgG antibody level in serum than the group injected with that prepared from the yeast harboring vector only.Feeding the yeast expressing ApxIIA to mice induced both systemic and mucosal immune responses against the antigen. ApxIIA-specific IgA antibody titers and the number of IgA-secreting cells of mice vaccinated with S. cerevisiae expressing ApxIIA dose-dependently increased from the third immunization in both intestine and lung (P 〈 0.01). A similar tendency of ApxIIA-specific IgG antibody responses was observed in the sera. The protective efficacy of the oral immunization was then evaluated by a challenge with a minimal lethal dose (MLD, 4.5 × 107 CFU/ml) of the A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 isolate. Fifty percent of the 30 mg administered group and 30% of the 15 mg administered group survived while none of the mice in the control groups survived after 36 h. These results suggest that feeding animals the yeast expressing the antigen can be an effective strategy to induce protective immune responses against A. pleuropneumoniae infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsim.2004.07.004
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Study on the Improvement of the Toughness in Al-Cu-Fe Quasi-Crystals (2003)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 426-432 (Aug. 2003), p. 2113-2118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/07/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.426-432.2113.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of Residual Stress in Thin-Sized Steel Wires by Using Focused Ion Beam and Digital Image Correlation Method (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 26-28 (Oct. 2007), p. 1187-1190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The residual stress in axial direction of the steel wires has been measured by using amethod based on the combination of the focused ion beam (FIB) milling and digital imagecorrelation (DIC) program. The residual stress is calculated from the measured displacement fieldbefore and after the introduction of a slot along the steel wires. The displacement is obtained by thedigital correlation analysis of high-resolution scanning electron micrographs, while the slot isintroduced by FIB milling with low energy beam. The experimental procedures are described andthe feasibilities are demonstrated in steel wires fabricated with different conditions
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.26-28.1187.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructure and Wear Behavior of Thermally Sprayed Fe-Based Amorphous Coating (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 353-358 (Sept. 2007), p. 848-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this study, microstructure and wear behavior of thermally sprayed Fe-based alloycoatings were investigated. Fe-based alloy coatings were formed on a carbon steel substrate and thenheat-treated at temperature of 700 oC for 20 minutes. Dry sliding wear tests were performed using thesliding speeds of 0.4 and 0.8 m/s, the applied loads of 3 and 6 N. Microstructure and wear behavior ofas-sprayed and heat-treated Fe-based amorphous coatings were studied using a scanning electronmicroscope(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/55/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.353-358.848.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line estimation of cell growth for glutamic acid fermentation system (1983)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 17 (1983), S. 168-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary For glutamic acid fermentation system using molasses, on-line estimation of cell growth during the exponential growth phase was investigated based on the measurement of carbon dioxide evolution rate (CER). The CER was continuously calculated using microcomputer together with O2 and CO2 analyzers. It was found that a linear relationship existed between CER and cell concentration. Therefore it was possible to determine specific growth rate and specific CER accurately by measuring CER with time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00505883
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Drawing Strain and Annealing on the Mechanical Properties for Heavily Cold Drawn Hyper-Eutectoid Steel Wires (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 539-543 (Mar. 2007), p. 4909-4913 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this study, the effects of drawing strain and annealing at low temperature on themechanical properties have been investigated. The mechanical properties, such as hardness andstrength and fatigue, were performed. The fatigue tests of hyper eutectoid steel wires were performedby the Hunter-type tester, specially designed for ultra thin wires (〈0.2mmφ), under the bending stress.The mechanical properties of the steel wires increased with increase of annealing temperature, and theincrease was more significant with higher drawing strain. Also, as annealing temperature increased,the hardness and tensile strength gradually increased up to 200 °C and then dramatically decreased atabove temperature. However, bending fatigue limit, including fatigue life, showed the some differentphenomena with increase of annealing temperature. These different behaviors depending onannealing temperature were discussed in terms of microstructural parameter changes such as pearlitemorphology, rearrangement and coalescence of the dislocations
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/15/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.539-543.4909.pdf
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