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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 680 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    General and Comparative Endocrinology 94 (1994), S. 23-32 
    ISSN: 0016-6480
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 8 (1977), S. 565-575 
    ISSN: 0022-4731
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 20 (1984), S. 183-195 
    ISSN: 0022-4731
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 5 (1984), S. 19-33 
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: CNS ; CRF-like immunoreactivity ; Corticoliberin ; Cytophysiology ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ontogeny ; Phylogeny
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endorphins ; ACTH ; MSH ; LPH ; Infundibular neurons ; Human hypothalamus ; Immunocytology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Chez l'homme, une population de neurones du noyau infundibulaire renferme des composés révélables par des I.S. dirigés contre les endorphines (α et β), l'ACTH, les MSH (α et β), et la β-LPH. Chez le foetus, ces neurones révélés par des I.S. anti-β-endorphine et anti-ACTH(17–39) sont identifiables dès la 11ème semaine. Ils renferment des grains de sécrétion immunoréactifs à l'anti-β-endorphine visibles en microscopie électronique. Chez l'adulte, de tels neurones sont situés dans le noyau infundibulaire. Leurs fibres se terminent autour des vaisseaux dans la zone de Green et la tige infundibulaire, ou au contact de péricaryons non immunoréactifs dans le noyau infundibulaire. Ces neurones sont indifféremment révélés par des I.S. anti-ACTH(17–39) ou anti-β-endorphine. Parmi cette population, les plus immunoréactifs sont marqués par des I.S. anti-α-MSH ou anti-β-MSH, anti-β-LPH, anti-α-endorphine ou anti-ACTH (1–24). Ces résultats suggèrent que des substances identiques ou apparentées aux endorphines, à la LPH, à l'ACTH et aux MSH sont élaborées par ces neurones probablement à partir d'une molécule mère similaire à la pro-opiocortine. Les fibres immunoréactives se terminant au contact des capillaires de l'éminence médiane pourraient intervenir dans le contrôle neuro-humoral de l'adénohypophyse, ou dans la modulation d'autres terminaisons peptidergiques ou aminergiques. Les fibres au contact de péricaryons non immunoréactifs peuvent correspondre à des relations avec d'autres neurones infundibulaires, peut-être dopaminergiques. This work was supported by grants from the D.G.R.S.T. (contract n∘ 78.7.2749, Director Prof. C. Bugnon)
    Notes: Summary In man, discrete neurons of the infundibular (arcuate) nucleus contain compounds that can be stained with anti-endorphin (α and β), anti-ACTH, anti-MSH (α and β) and anti-β-LPH immune sera (I.S.) In the fetus, certain neurons stain with anti-β-endorphin or anti (17–39)ACTH starting from the 11th week of fetal life. At the ultrastructural level, these neurons contain elementary granules that are immunoreactive with anti-βendorphin. In the adult, neurons immunoreactive with anti-β-endorphin are found in the infundibular nucleus. Their axonal fibers terminate around blood vessels in the neurovascular zone and in the pituitary stalk, or establish contacts with nonimmunoreactive perikarya of the infundibular nucleus. These neurons can be stained with anti(17–39)ACTH and anti-β-endorphin I.S. The most reactive are also stained moderately with anti-α-MSH, anti-β-MSH, anti-β-LPH, anti-α-endorphin, or anti(1–24)ACTH I.S. These results indicate that, in man, compound(s) identical with or immunologically related to endorphins, β-LPH, ACTH and MSH are secreted by certain hypothalamic neurons. These agents probably originate from a common precursor molecule similar to the so-called pro-opiocortin. Immunoreactive fibers terminating around capillaries of the median eminence constitute a tubero-infundibular system that may be involved in the neurohumoral control of the adenohypophysis or in the regulation of other peptidergic or monoaminergic endings. Fibers also terminate close to nonimmunoreactive perikarya that might possibly be dopaminergic.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Endorphins ; ACTH ; MSH ; LPH ; Peptidergic neurons ; Hypothalamus (rat) ; Immunocytology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans les cerveaux de rats ayant reçu une injection intra-ventriculaire de colchicine, une même population de neurones du noyau arqué et du noyau ventro-médian est indifféremment immunoréactive à divers I.S. dirigés contre les endorphines (α et β), l'ACTH(1-24), l'ACTH(17-39), les MSH (α et β) et la β-LPH, comme le démontrent des études comparatives sur coupes sériées. Ces neurones sont intensément marqués par l'anti-ACTH(17-39), l'anti-β-endorphine, l'anti-α-MSH et l'anti-β-MSH et plus faiblement immunoréactifs à l'anti-α-endorphine, l'anti-β-LPH et l'anti-ACTH(1-24). Exceptionnellement, certains neurones immunoréactifs avec l'anti-ACTH(17-39) et l'anti-β-endorphine sont faiblement ou non reconnus par l'anti-α-MSH et l'anti-β-MSH. Les fibres immunoréactives se terminent dans l'éminence médiane latérale et dans le noyau arqué lui-même, ou forment des voies ascendantes le long du III∘ Ventricule. Des études comparatives avec d'autres I.S. ou avec la technique de Falck et Hillarp, montrent que ces neurones sont différents de ceux producteurs de LH-RH, de somatostatine, de neurophysine, d'ocytocine, de vasopressine et de dopamine. Ces résultats suggèrent que certains neurones de l'hypothalamus du rat synthétisent plusieurs neuropeptides identiques aux ou immunologiquement très voisins des peptides du groupe endorphine, ACTH, α-MSH et β-LPH, vraisemblablement à partir d'un précurseur commun similaire à celui des cellules corticotropes adénohypophysaires. Ces neuropeptides ayant une origine cellulaire et moléculaire commune pourraient être impliqués comme neurotransmetteurs ou neuromodulateurs dans le fonctionnement du système nerveux central. This work was supported by grants from the D.G.R.S.T. (contract n∘ 78.7.2749) and from the I.N.S.E.R.M. (contract n∘ 81.79.113)
    Notes: Summary In rat brains intraventricularly injected with colchicine, the same discrete neurons of the arcuate and ventromedial nuclei can be stained with antisera against α- and β-endorphins, (1-24)ACTH, (17-39)ACTH, α- and β-MSH, and β-LPH, as demonstrated by comparative studies in consecutive serial sections. These neurons are strongly reactive with anti-(17-39)ACTH, anti-β-endorphin, anti-α-MSH and anti-β-MSH, and more faintly stained with anti-α-endorphin, anti-β-LPH and anti-(1-24)ACTH. Exceptionally, neurons reactive with anti-(17-39)ACTH and anti-β-endorphin are poorly stained or completely negative with anti-α-MSH and anti-β-MSH. Immunoreactive fibers end in the lateral median eminence and in the arcuate nucleus proper, or form ascending pathways along the third ventricle. Comparative studies with other antisera or with the Falck and Hillarp technique show that these neurons differ from the elements producing LH-RH, somatostatin, neurophysin, oxytocin, vasopressin and dopamine. These results suggest that the same neurons of the rat hypothalamus synthesize several neuropeptides identical with or immunologically related to endorphins, ACTH, α-MSH and β-LPH, probably arising from a common precursor molecule similar to that found in the corticotropic cells of the pituitary. These neuropeptides of a common cellular and molecular origin might be involved in basic processes of the central nervous system as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Gonadotrophs ; Male rats ; Immunocytochemistry ; Cytophotometry ; Image analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Quantitative studies on the population of the gonadotropic cells in the pituitary of adult male rats were performed after trypsic dissociation of the pituitary glands and immunoenzymatic staining with anti-β-LH or anti-β-FSH antisera. Number, area and extinction of labelled cells were measured by use of an image analyser and a cytophotometer. The gonadotrophs represent approximately 14% of the pituitary cells. The mean area of gonadotrophs is significantly larger after staining with anti-β-LH serum than after staining with anti-β-FSH serum. Planimetric measurement of the gonadotrophs reveals their variability in size ranging between 30 and 160 μm2. Moreover, the size distribution depends on the staining serum used: more numerous small-sized cells (〈75 μm2) are stained with anti-β-FSH serum than with anti-β-LH serum, which conversely stains more numerous large-sized cells. Cytophotometric measurements indicate that immunostaining varies greatly among cells of the same size class and that the staining intensity appears to increase according to the cell size. These results emphasize the morphofunctional heterogeneity of the gonadotropic cell population.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 183 (1977), S. 319-328 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Human fetus ; Somatostatin ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical techniques have enabled us to characterize the hypothalamic somatostatin system in the human fetus and to study its ontogenesis. Somatostatin-containing neurons appear as early as the 16th week of fetal life. Their perikarya belong to two distinct cell populations: some of them, of large size, form clusters in the magno-cellular nuclei (S.O.N.-P.V.N.); they seem to be neurophysin-positive. The others, parvo-cellular, lie scattered in ventral periventricular areas; they are neurophysin-negative. Most of the immunoreactive fibers pass through the M.E. and terminate in two distinct territories: on the one hand close to the vessels of the primary portal plexus (these territories being neurophysin-negative) and on the other hand, in the peripheral regions of the neural lobe (these territories being neurophysin-positive). The staining reactions obtained with the anti-somatostatin and anti-neurophysin I.S. suggest the existence of 2 hypothalamic somatostatin systems. The former (neurophysin-negative) which appears to originate from the parvocellular perikarya and which terminates in the M.E., controlling adenohypophyseal cells, the latter (neurophysin-positive) originating from one of the S.O.N. and P.V.N. cell populations appears to terminate in the neural lobe. The existence of the latter system suggested by the results of the present and the preceding studies on other species has yet to be fully established.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 195 (1978), S. 183-187 
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Somatostatin-containing neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Median eminence ; Immunocytochemistry ; Domestic mallard
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the hypothalamus of the adult domestic mallard, small to medium-sized perikarya are stained specifically with rabbit antiserum against cyclic somatostatin (PAP technique of Sternberger). The somatostatin-immunoreactive material is located in neurons different from those containing immunoreactive LHRH, vasotocin or mesotocin. Somatostatin-containing perikarya are observed 1) in a chain-like arrangement extending from the area of the median division of the supraoptic nucleus to the caudal end of the paraventricular nucleus; 2) as single cells in the preoptic region; and 3) as a conspicuous formation in the optic tract division of the supraoptic nucleus. In the rostral portion of the median eminence, somatostatin-immunoreactive axons penetrate into the external zone. Fine accessory fiber bundles project to the neural lobe.
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