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  • 1
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    Uncertainty in Prediction of Radionuclide Gas Migration from Underground Nuclear Explosions (2014)
    Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-14
    Description: Underground nuclear explosions (UNEs) produce radionuclide gases that may seep to the surface over weeks to months. The objective of this research was to quantify the impact of uncertainties in hydrologic parameters (fracture aperture, matrix permeability, porosity, and saturation) and season of detonation on the timing of gas breakthrough. Numerical sensitivity analyses were performed, with barometric pumping providing the primary driving force for gas migration, for the case of a 1 kt UNE at 400-m depth of burial. Gas arrival time was most affected by matrix permeability and fracture aperture. Gases having higher diffusivity were more sensitive to uncertainty in the rock properties. The effect of seasonality in the barometric pressure forcing was found to be important, with detonations in March the least likely to be detectable based on barometric data for Rainier Mesa, Nevada. Monte Carlo realizations were performed with all four parameters varying simultaneously to determine their interrelated effects. The Monte Carlo method was also used to predict the window of opportunity for 133 Xe detection from a 1 kt UNE at Rainier Mesa, with and without matching the model to SF 6 and 3 He data from the 1993 Non-Proliferation Experiment. Results from the data-blind Monte Carlo simulations were similar but were biased toward earlier arrival time and less likely to show detectable 133 Xe. The estimated timing of gas arrival may be used to deploy personnel and equipment to the site of a suspected UNE, if allowed under the terms of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty.
    Electronic ISSN: 1539-1663
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Soil Science Society of America (SSSA)
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  • 2
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    Variations in atmospheric N2O concentration during abrupt climatic changes (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-07-10
    Description: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas that is presently increasing at a rate of 0.25 percent per year. Records measured along two ice cores from Summit in Central Greenland provide information about variations in atmospheric N2O concentration in the past. The record covering the past millennium reduces the uncertainty regarding the preindustrial concentration. Records covering the last glacial-interglacial transition and a fast climatic change during the last ice age show that the N2O concentration changed in parallel with fast temperature variations in the Northern Hemisphere. This provides important information about the response of the environment to global climatic changes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fluckiger -- Dallenbach -- Blunier -- Stauffer -- Stocker -- Raynaud -- Barnola -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 9;285(5425):227-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. CNRS Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Geophysique de l'Environnement (LGGE), Boite Postale 96, 38402 St Martin d'Heres Cedex, Gr.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10398593" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the last glacial termination (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-01-06
    Description: A record of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration during the transition from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene, obtained from the Dome Concordia, Antarctica, ice core, reveals that an increase of 76 parts per million by volume occurred over a period of 6000 years in four clearly distinguishable intervals. The close correlation between CO2 concentration and Antarctic temperature indicates that the Southern Ocean played an important role in causing the CO2 increase. However, the similarity of changes in CO2 concentration and variations of atmospheric methane concentration suggests that processes in the tropics and in the Northern Hemisphere, where the main sources for methane are located, also had substantial effects on atmospheric CO2 concentrations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Monnin, E -- Indermuhle, A -- Dallenbach, A -- Fluckiger, J -- Stauffer, B -- Stocker, T F -- Raynaud, D -- Barnola, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jan 5;291(5501):112-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11141559" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Orbital and millennial Antarctic climate variability over the past 800,000 years (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: A high-resolution deuterium profile is now available along the entire European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica Dome C ice core, extending this climate record back to marine isotope stage 20.2, approximately 800,000 years ago. Experiments performed with an atmospheric general circulation model including water isotopes support its temperature interpretation. We assessed the general correspondence between Dansgaard-Oeschger events and their smoothed Antarctic counterparts for this Dome C record, which reveals the presence of such features with similar amplitudes during previous glacial periods. We suggest that the interplay between obliquity and precession accounts for the variable intensity of interglacial periods in ice core records.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jouzel, J -- Masson-Delmotte, V -- Cattani, O -- Dreyfus, G -- Falourd, S -- Hoffmann, G -- Minster, B -- Nouet, J -- Barnola, J M -- Chappellaz, J -- Fischer, H -- Gallet, J C -- Johnsen, S -- Leuenberger, M -- Loulergue, L -- Luethi, D -- Oerter, H -- Parrenin, F -- Raisbeck, G -- Raynaud, D -- Schilt, A -- Schwander, J -- Selmo, E -- Souchez, R -- Spahni, R -- Stauffer, B -- Steffensen, J P -- Stenni, B -- Stocker, T F -- Tison, J L -- Werner, M -- Wolff, E W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 10;317(5839):793-6. Epub 2007 Jul 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l'Environnement, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, CEA-CNRS-Universite de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, CE Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. jean.jouzel@lsce.ipsl.fr〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615306" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Stable carbon cycle-climate relationship during the Late Pleistocene (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-29
    Description: A record of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations measured on the EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) Dome Concordia ice core extends the Vostok CO2 record back to 650,000 years before the present (yr B.P.). Before 430,000 yr B.P., partial pressure of atmospheric CO2 lies within the range of 260 and 180 parts per million by volume. This range is almost 30% smaller than that of the last four glacial cycles; however, the apparent sensitivity between deuterium and CO2 remains stable throughout the six glacial cycles, suggesting that the relationship between CO2 and Antarctic climate remained rather constant over this interval.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siegenthaler, Urs -- Stocker, Thomas F -- Monnin, Eric -- Luthi, Dieter -- Schwander, Jakob -- Stauffer, Bernhard -- Raynaud, Dominique -- Barnola, Jean-Marc -- Fischer, Hubertus -- Masson-Delmotte, Valerie -- Jouzel, Jean -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 25;310(5752):1313-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16311332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Kinetic simulations of electron acceleration by dispersive scale Alfvén waves in Jupiter's magnetosphere (2019)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: Abstract Electron acceleration by dispersive scale Alfvén waves at Jupiter is investigated using a Gyrofluid‐Kinetic‐Electron model. Specifically, the simulations consider the propagation of an Alfvén wave perturbation from the center of the Io plasma torus to high latitude regions that are consistent with recent Juno satellite observations [e.g. Mauk et al., 2017a,b; Allegrini et al., 2017; Szalay et al., 2018]. As in those observations, the energized electron spectra is broadband in nature and the majority of the energization is under the interaction of inertial Alfvén waves at high latitudes. The extent of the energization associated with these waves is proportional to both the magnitude of the wave perturbation and the ratio of the torus to high latitude density.
    Print ISSN: 0094-8276
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-8007
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
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    The greenland ice core project (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-06-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stauffer, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Jun 18;260(5115):1766-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17793652" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    High-resolution Greenland ice core data show abrupt climate change happens in few years (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-06-21
    Description: The last two abrupt warmings at the onset of our present warm interglacial period, interrupted by the Younger Dryas cooling event, were investigated at high temporal resolution from the North Greenland Ice Core Project ice core. The deuterium excess, a proxy of Greenland precipitation moisture source, switched mode within 1 to 3 years over these transitions and initiated a more gradual change (over 50 years) of the Greenland air temperature, as recorded by stable water isotopes. The onsets of both abrupt Greenland warmings were slightly preceded by decreasing Greenland dust deposition, reflecting the wetting of Asian deserts. A northern shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone could be the trigger of these abrupt shifts of Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation, resulting in changes of 2 to 4 kelvin in Greenland moisture source temperature from one year to the next.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steffensen, Jorgen Peder -- Andersen, Katrine K -- Bigler, Matthias -- Clausen, Henrik B -- Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe -- Fischer, Hubertus -- Goto-Azuma, Kumiko -- Hansson, Margareta -- Johnsen, Sigfus J -- Jouzel, Jean -- Masson-Delmotte, Valerie -- Popp, Trevor -- Rasmussen, Sune O -- Rothlisberger, Regine -- Ruth, Urs -- Stauffer, Bernhard -- Siggaard-Andersen, Marie-Louise -- Sveinbjornsdottir, Arny E -- Svensson, Anders -- White, James W C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Aug 1;321(5889):680-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1157707. Epub 2008 Jun 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark. jps@gfy.ku.dk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18566247" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Increase of atmospheric methane recorded in antarctic ice core (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-09-27
    Description: Air entrapped in bubbles of cold ice has essentially the same composition as that of the atmosphere at the time of bubble formation. Measurements of the methane concentration in air extracted by two different methods from ice samples from Siple Station in western Antarcitica allow the reconstruction of the history of the increase of the atmospheric methane during the past 200 years.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stauffer, B -- Fischer, G -- Neftel, A -- Oeschger, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Sep 27;229(4720):1386-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17798385" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Asymmetric Kelvin-Helmholtz Propagation at Saturn's Dayside Magnetopause (2015)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-02-21
    Description: At Saturn's magnetopause, the shear flows are maximized (minimized) in the pre-noon (post-noon) sector due to the rapid planetary rotation and the corotating magnetodisc. As such, the pre-noon sector is expected to be more Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) unstable than the post-noon sector; however, in situ Cassini data analyses showed that the evidence of KH activity favors the post-noon sector. In this study, we use a two-dimensional MHD simulation to demonstrate that fast growing KH modes strongly deform and diffuse the boundary layer on a time scale of a few minutes in the pre-noon sector. Therefore, the KH observational signature is difficult to identify by spacecraft in the diffused boundary layer. KH vortices originating in the subsolar region (roughly from 10 to 14 local times) are transported to the post-noon sector and the wavelength is enlarged due to the gradient of shear flow, which is a plausible reason why KH events are more often observed in the post-noon sector. The prediction of the local boundary normal direction distribution as a function of spacecraft inward/outward crossing in the post-noon sector suggested by our simulation is qualitatively consistent with Cassini in situ observational results. We also discuss the impact of this dawn-dusk asymmetric Kelvin-Helmholtz evolution on magnetic reconnection at Saturn's magnetopause boundary.
    Print ISSN: 0148-0227
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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