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  • 1
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    Ab initio optimization of phonon drag effect [Applied Physical Sciences] (2015)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-02
    Description: Although the thermoelectric figure of merit zT above 300 K has seen significant improvement recently, the progress at lower temperatures has been slow, mainly limited by the relatively low Seebeck coefficient and high thermal conductivity. Here we report, for the first time to our knowledge, success in first-principles computation of...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    A functional copy number variation in the WWOX gene is associated with lung cancer risk in Chinese (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-04-02
    Description: WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) is a tumor suppressor that has been reported to lose function due to genetic alterations in several cancers. WWOX maps to the common chromosomal fragile site FRA16D and several copy number variations (CNVs) were found within this gene. In this study, we investigated the association between the CNVs of WWOX and lung cancer risk in four independent case–control studies, which are on 2942 lung cancer cases and 3074 cancer-free controls of southern, eastern and northern Chinese. A common CNV-67048 was genotyped by the Taqman real-time PCR, and its biological effect was accessed with protein expression and sequencing assays. We found that in comparison with the common 2-copy genotype, the carriers of loss variant genotypes (1-copy or 0-copy) had a significantly increased risk of lung cancer (adjusted OR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.24–1.55, P = 9.01 x 10 –9 ) in a dose–response manner ( P trend = 1.12 x 10 –10 ), and the WWOX protein expressions in lung cancer tissues were significantly lower ( P = 0.036), accompanying a higher rate of exons absence ( P = 0.021) in subjects with loss genotypes of CNV-67048. Our data suggest that the loss genotypes of CNV-67048 in WWOX predispose their carriers to lung cancer; this might be related with altered WWOX gene expression and exons absence in them.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    A review of state-of-the-art aerogel applications in buildings (2013)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2013-02-09
    Description: Aerogels are a special type of solid material with nanometre-scale pores 〈1/3000th the width of a human hair. Porosity is in excess of 90%, in some cases as high as 99.9%, and densities can be as low as 3 kg/m 3 . Aerogels are essentially ‘puffed-up sand’ and are often termed ‘frozen smoke’. Their thermal conductivity (0.014 W/m K at room temperature) is the lowest of any solids, and they also have good transparency. The acoustic properties of aerogels make them effective insulators against noise, and aerogels have the lowest refractive index, and dielectric constant of all solid materials. The unusual properties of aerogels open the way to a new range of opportunities for their application in buildings. This paper provides information on their unique features and reviews the potential applications for aerogels in buildings as well as latest developments in the field.
    Print ISSN: 1748-1317
    Electronic ISSN: 1748-1325
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Widespread spinal cord transduction by intrathecal injection of rAAV delivers efficacious RNAi therapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2014)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2014-01-11
    Description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) causes motor neuron degeneration and paralysis. No treatment can significantly slow or arrest the disease progression. Mutations in the SOD1 gene cause a subset of familial ALS by a gain of toxicity. In principle, these cases could be treated with RNAi that destroys the mutant mRNA, thereby abolishing the toxic protein. However, no system is available to efficiently deliver the RNAi therapy. Recombinant adenoassociated virus (rAAV) is a promising vehicle due to its long-lasting gene expression and low toxicity. However, ALS afflicts broad areas of the central nervous system (CNS). A lack of practical means to spread rAAV broadly has hindered its application in treatment of ALS. To overcome this barrier, we injected several rAAV serotypes into the cerebrospinal fluid. We found that some rAAV serotypes such as rAAVrh10 and rAAV9 transduced cells throughout the length of the spinal cord following a single intrathecal injection and in the broad forebrain following a single injection into the third ventricle. Furthermore, a single intrathecal injection of rAAVrh10 robustly transduced motor neurons throughout the spinal cord in a non-human primate. These results suggested a therapeutic potential of this vector for ALS. To test this, we injected a rAAVrh10 vector that expressed an artificial miRNA targeting SOD1 into the SOD1G93A mice. This treatment knocked down the mutant SOD1 expression and slowed the disease progression. Our results demonstrate the potential of rAAVs for delivering gene therapy to treat ALS and other diseases that afflict broad areas of the CNS.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Validation and Algorithms Comparative Study for Microwave Remote Sensing of Snow Depth over China (2014)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
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    Publication Date: 2014-03-19
    Description: In this study, five different snow algorithms (Chang algorithm, GSFC 96 algorithm, AMSR-E SWE algorithm, Improved Tibetan Plateau algorithm and Savoie algorithm) were selected to validate the accuracy of snow algorithms over China. These algorithms were compared for the accuracy of snow depth algorithms with AMSR-E brightness temperature data and ground measurements on February 10-12, 2010. Results showed that the GSFC 96 algorithm was more suitable in Xinjiang with the RMSE range from 6.85cm to 7.48 cm; in Inner Mongolia and Northeast China. Improved Tibetan Plateau algorithm is superior to the other four algorithms with the RMSE of 5.46cm~6.11cm and 6.21cm~7.83cm respectively; due to the lack of ground measurements, we couldn't get valid statistical results over the Tibetan Plateau. However, the mean relative error (MRE) of the selected algorithms was ranging from 37.95% to 189.13% in four study areas, which showed that the accuracy of the five snow depth algorithms is limited...
    Print ISSN: 1755-1307
    Electronic ISSN: 1755-1315
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 6
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    BID mediates the antitumor effect of NSAIDs [Medical Sciences] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2014-11-19
    Description: Colorectal tumorigenesis is driven by genetic alterations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor pathway and effectively inhibited by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, how NSAIDs prevent colorectal tumorigenesis has remained obscure. We found that the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and the BH3 interacting-domain death agonist (BID) are activated in...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Oceanic mass transport by mesoscale eddies (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-07-19
    Description: Oceanic transports of heat, salt, fresh water, dissolved CO2, and other tracers regulate global climate change and the distribution of natural marine resources. The time-mean ocean circulation transports fluid as a conveyor belt, but fluid parcels can also be trapped and transported discretely by migrating mesoscale eddies. By combining available satellite altimetry and Argo profiling float data, we showed that the eddy-induced zonal mass transport can reach a total meridionally integrated value of up to 30 to 40 sverdrups (Sv) (1 Sv = 10(6) cubic meters per second), and it occurs mainly in subtropical regions, where the background flows are weak. This transport is comparable in magnitude to that of the large-scale wind- and thermohaline-driven circulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Zhengguang -- Wang, Wei -- Qiu, Bo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jul 18;345(6194):322-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1252418. Epub 2014 Jun 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Physical Oceanography Lab, Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China. ; Physical Oceanography Lab, Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, People's Republic of China. wei@ouc.edu.cn. ; Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25035491" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; *Hot Temperature ; Oceans and Seas ; *Water Cycle ; *Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase opposes renal carcinoma progression (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2014-07-22
    Description: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common form of kidney cancer, is characterized by elevated glycogen levels and fat deposition. These consistent metabolic alterations are associated with normoxic stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) secondary to von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) mutations that occur in over 90% of ccRCC tumours. However, kidney-specific VHL deletion in mice fails to elicit ccRCC-specific metabolic phenotypes and tumour formation, suggesting that additional mechanisms are essential. Recent large-scale sequencing analyses revealed the loss of several chromatin remodelling enzymes in a subset of ccRCC (these included polybromo-1, SET domain containing 2 and BRCA1-associated protein-1, among others), indicating that epigenetic perturbations are probably important contributors to the natural history of this disease. Here we used an integrative approach comprising pan-metabolomic profiling and metabolic gene set analysis and determined that the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1) is uniformly depleted in over six hundred ccRCC tumours examined. Notably, the human FBP1 locus resides on chromosome 9q22, the loss of which is associated with poor prognosis for ccRCC patients. Our data further indicate that FBP1 inhibits ccRCC progression through two distinct mechanisms. First, FBP1 antagonizes glycolytic flux in renal tubular epithelial cells, the presumptive ccRCC cell of origin, thereby inhibiting a potential Warburg effect. Second, in pVHL (the protein encoded by the VHL gene)-deficient ccRCC cells, FBP1 restrains cell proliferation, glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway in a catalytic-activity-independent manner, by inhibiting nuclear HIF function via direct interaction with the HIF inhibitory domain. This unique dual function of the FBP1 protein explains its ubiquitous loss in ccRCC, distinguishing FBP1 from previously identified tumour suppressors that are not consistently mutated in all tumours.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4162811/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4162811/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Bo -- Qiu, Bo -- Lee, David S M -- Walton, Zandra E -- Ochocki, Joshua D -- Mathew, Lijoy K -- Mancuso, Anthony -- Gade, Terence P F -- Keith, Brian -- Nissim, Itzhak -- Simon, M Celeste -- CA104838/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK053761/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- F30 CA177106/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F32 CA192758/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA104838/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016520/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK053761/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Sep 11;513(7517):251-5. doi: 10.1038/nature13557. Epub 2014 Jul 20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ; 1] Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ; 1] Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [2] Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ; 1] Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [2] Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [3] Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ; Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ; 1] Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [2] Division of Child Development and Metabolic Disease, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. ; 1] Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [2] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA [3] Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25043030" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/*enzymology/genetics/physiopathology ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Disease Progression ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Fructose-Bisphosphatase/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Glycolysis ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms/*enzymology/genetics/physiopathology ; Models, Molecular ; NADP/metabolism ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Swine
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 9
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    Pacific western boundary currents and their roles in climate (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-06-19
    Description: Pacific Ocean western boundary currents and the interlinked equatorial Pacific circulation system were among the first currents of these types to be explored by pioneering oceanographers. The widely accepted but poorly quantified importance of these currents-in processes such as the El Nino/Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the Indonesian Throughflow-has triggered renewed interest. Ongoing efforts are seeking to understand the heat and mass balances of the equatorial Pacific, and possible changes associated with greenhouse-gas-induced climate change. Only a concerted international effort will close the observational, theoretical and technical gaps currently limiting a robust answer to these elusive questions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hu, Dunxin -- Wu, Lixin -- Cai, Wenju -- Gupta, Alex Sen -- Ganachaud, Alexandre -- Qiu, Bo -- Gordon, Arnold L -- Lin, Xiaopei -- Chen, Zhaohui -- Hu, Shijian -- Wang, Guojian -- Wang, Qingye -- Sprintall, Janet -- Qu, Tangdong -- Kashino, Yuji -- Wang, Fan -- Kessler, William S -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jun 18;522(7556):299-308. doi: 10.1038/nature14504.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China. ; Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. ; 1] Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Qingdao Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China [2] CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Victoria 3195, Australia. ; Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, Mathews Building, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia. ; Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), UMR5566-LEGOS, UPS (OMP-PCA), 31400 Toulouse, France. ; Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. ; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Earth Institute at Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, USA. ; CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, Aspendale, Victoria 3195, Australia. ; Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92037, USA. ; IPRC, Department of Oceanography, SOEST, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. ; Center for Earth Information Science and Technology, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) 3173-25 Showa-machi Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0001, Japan. ; NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26085269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate ; *Climate Change ; El Nino-Southern Oscillation ; Hot Temperature ; Pacific Ocean ; Uncertainty ; *Water Movements
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    A data-driven approach for optimal design of integrated air quality monitoring network in a chemical cluster (2018)
    Royal Society
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    Publication Date: 2018-09-06
    Description: The chemical industry is of paramount importance to the world economy and this industrial sector represents a substantial income source for developing countries. However, the chemical plants producing inside an industrial district pose a great threat to the surrounding atmospheric environment and human health. Therefore, designing an appropriate and available air quality monitoring network (AQMN) is essential for assessing the effectiveness of deployed pollution-controlling strategies and facilities. As monitoring facilities located at inappropriate sites would affect data validity, a two-stage data-driven approach constituted of a spatio-temporal technique (i.e. Bayesian maximum entropy) and a multi-objective optimization model (i.e. maximum concentration detection capability and maximum dosage detection capability) is proposed in this paper. The approach aims at optimizing the design of an AQMN formed by gas sensor modules. Owing to the lack of long-term measurement data, our developed atmospheric dispersion simulation system was employed to generate simulated data for the above method. Finally, an illustrative case study was implemented to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed approach, and results imply that this work is able to design an appropriate AQMN with acceptable accuracy and efficiency.
    Keywords: atmospheric chemistry, computer modelling and simulation, environmental science
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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