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  • 1
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    Buddenbrockia is a cnidarian worm (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-07-07
    Description: A major evolutionary divide occurs in the animal kingdom between the so-called radially symmetric animals, which includes the cnidarians, and the bilaterally symmetric animals, which includes all worm phyla. Buddenbrockia plumatellae is an active, muscular, parasitic worm that belongs to the phylum Myxozoa, a group of morphologically simplified microscopic endoparasites that has proved difficult to place phylogenetically. Phylogenetic analyses of multiple protein-coding genes demonstrate that Buddenbrockia is a cnidarian. This active muscular worm increases the known diversity in cnidarian body plans and demonstrates that a muscular, wormlike form can evolve in the absence of overt bilateral symmetry.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jimenez-Guri, Eva -- Philippe, Herve -- Okamura, Beth -- Holland, Peter W H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jul 6;317(5834):116-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17615357" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Cnidaria/anatomy & histology/*classification/*genetics/physiology ; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics ; Genes ; Genes, Homeobox ; Locomotion ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscles/anatomy & histology/ultrastructure ; *Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    A new species of the cheilostome bryozoan Chiastosella in the Southern Ocean, past and present (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Understanding whether marine calcifying organisms may acclimatise to climate change is important with regard to their survival over the coming century. Due to cold waters having a naturally higher CO2 uptake, the Southern Ocean provides an especially good opportunity to study the potential impact of climate change. In 2011, a new cheilostome bryozoan species-Chiastosella ettorina sp. nov.-was dredged from Burdwood Bank, Southern Ocean, at 324-219-m depth during the Nathaniel B Palmer Cruise. This species had previously been collected in 1902 from the same area at 100-m depth, but was incorrectly identified as Chiastosella watersi, an encrusting species from New Zealand. The availability of samples of the same species, from the same general location, but collected 109 years apart allowed us to investigate morphological modifications potentially arising from environmental changes. We found a significant difference in zooid size, with the oldest and shallowest specimens having smaller zooids than the recently collected deeper specimens. This difference in zooid size appears to be unrelated to known sources of environmental variation such as temperature and salinity, and it could represent the extremes of the zooid size range of C. ettorina. An alternative explanation is that acidifying waters may have caused zooids to grow more slowly, resulting in a final larger size.
    Description: Published
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.773-779
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-haemorrhagic anaemia in sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), caused by blood feeding of Ceratothoa oestroides (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of the fish parasitic isopod, Ceratothoa oestroides (Risso), on haematological parameters of its cage-cultured sea bass host, Dicentrarchus labrax (L.), were studied. Analyses of blood parameters (cell counts, haemoglobin content and haematocrit) were carried out on parasitized and unparasitized sea bass from a fish farm in Turkey. Parasitized fish had significantly lowered erythrocyte counts, haematocrit and haemoglobin values and significantly increased leucocyte counts. Blood feeding by C. oestroides thus produces a post-haemorrhagic anaemia and the fish appear to mount an immune response to the presence of parasites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2003.00476.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bryozoans as hosts for Tetracapsula bryosalmonae, the PKX organism (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 25 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Freshwater bryozoans have recently been identified as hosts of Tetracapsula bryosalmonae, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease (PKD). To gain insight as to which bryozoans are consistently important hosts for T. bryosalmonae, we present the results of a broad scale survey of bryozoans in European and North American sites upstream from PKD outbreaks in feral, stocked and farmed salmonids. The bryozoan genera most commonly found in association with disease outbreaks are Fredericella and Plumatella, and the most common species are F. sultana (Blumenbach), F. indica Annandale, and P. emarginata Allman. The prevalence of mature sac stages of T. bryosalmonae was very low. Our survey data together with knowledge of bryozoan life cycles and the ecology of PKD allow inferences concerning unknown aspects of the life cycle of T. bryosalmonae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00376.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Group living and the effects of spatial position in aggregations of Mytilus edulis (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 69 (1986), S. 341-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The mussel Mytilus edulis typically occurs in aggregations and several consequences of living in groups were studied. Isolated individuals and individuals associated in relatively small groups (6–9 mussles/group) grew more and therefore had greater reproductive output than mussels associated with relatively large groups of 21–28 individuals. Mussels located in the centers of groups exhibited reduced growth and thus lower reproduction relative to mussels located on the edges of groups whose growth and reproduction was similar to that of isolated individuals. Sampling from natural populations indicated that most mussels grow within the matrix of very large groups and hence will experience reduced growth and reproduction. Patterns of growth exhibited by mussels in association with living and model mussels showed that the adverse effects on growth exhibited by mussels in relatively large groups are not a function of the mere physical relief of a mussel clump, but are caused by some property of living neighbors. Laboratory experiments on mussel predation by the crab Pachygrapsus crassipes indicated that crabs prey disproportionately on mussels growing on the edges of groups. The consequences of group living in mobile and nonmobile organisms are considered, and it is suggested that a greater number of negative effects will arise in groups as mobility decreases. In addition, the noted ecological similarity between groups of sessile organisms and spreading clones and its evolutionary implications are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377054
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population biology of bryozoans: correlates of sessile, colonial life histories in freshwater habitats (1995)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 51 (1995), S. 510-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Freshwater bryozoans ; coloniality ; sexuality ; clonality ; habitat subdivision ; population structure ; dispersal ; molecular studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Bryozoans are common, often abundant, sessile, colonial invertebrates of freshwaters. By reviewing what is known of their general ecology and considering in further detail the population biology of specific groups, we provide evidence that 1) populations are locally ephemeral and regional persistence is attained via a dynamic equilibrium between dispersal and colonization, and 2) sex may often be infrequent and a high degree of clonality obtains at both local and regional scales. On the basis of these characteristics we discuss how the group offers exceptional opportunities for investigating a number of fundamentally important ecological and evolutionary questions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02143202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle size, flow velocity, and suspension-feeding by the erect bryozoansBugula neritina andB. stolonifera (1990)
    Springer
    Marine biology 105 (1990), S. 33-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Patterns of feeding by the erect bryozoansBugula neritina andB. stolonifera were studied by assessing ingestion rates of mixtures of polystyrene particles of three sizes present in equal densities at two ambient water-flow velocities. Particle size was found to influence feeding byB. neritina, while feeding byB. stolonifera was influenced by an interaction between particle size and flow velocity. Large and mediumsized particles were ingested at rates disproportionate to their numerical abundance, and small particles were always ingested in low numbers. Disproportionate feeding did not appear to be due to the greater likelihood of directly intercepting or of detecting particles of larger sizes, but may be explained by other size-dependent particle behaviors, active selection or rejection by the bryozoans, and/or the utilization of different feeding techniques. Comparison with a parallel study indicated that patterns of feeding on single-sized suspensions cannot be used to predict patterns of feeding on mixed suspensions. This is one of the few studies to test the combined influence of variation in both suspended particulate matter and in properties of the fluid medium. Such investigations will provide more realistic views of suspensionfeeding performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01344268
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of seasonal variation in temperature, salinity and food availability on module size and colony growth of the estuarine bryozoan Conopeum seurati (1999)
    Springer
    Marine biology 135 (1999), S. 581-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Zooid size and colony growth of the estuarine bryozoan Conopeum seurati (Canu) (order: Cheilostomatida; suborder: Malacostegina) were examined over 15 mo at Avonmouth Dock, Avon, England. Data were analysed in conjunction with synchronous measurements of temperature, salinity and food availability. Zooid length, width and area were strongly temperature-dependent, while both food availability and colony growth rate had no significant effect on zooid length, width or area. Salinity and the interaction of temperature and salinity significantly influenced zooid length and area, suggesting that changes in zooid size may result from oxygen limitation in warm waters. The validity of a number of other mechanisms proposed to account for temperature-related changes in zooid size is discussed. The results support the use of zooid size as an indicator of both long-term trends and seasonal variations in temperature in Recent and fossil assemblages as long as data sets are large and the effects of other factors on zooid size are considered. Colony growth rate was found to be significantly influenced by both the amount of food available to the colonies and the combined effect of temperature and food availability, suggesting that growth rate increases as food increases, but that the former may be limited at low temperatures when metabolic rates are low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050659
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of Myxidium trachinorum sp. nov. from the gallbladder of the lesser weever fish Echiichthys vipera (1999)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 85 (1999), S. 910-919 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Myxidium trachinorum sp. nov. is described from the gallbladder of the lesser weever fish Echiichthys vipera. Pseudoplasmodia attach themselves to the gallbladder epithelium by filose processes, which are inserted between host cells. Pseudoplasmodia undergo endogenous cell formation at the secondary and tertiary levels. In the proliferative cycle, primary and endogenous cells are packed with digestive vacuoles formed by phagocytosis. In the sporogonic cycle the pseudoplasmodium becomes a pericyte enclosing two secondary cells (lacking digestive vacuoles) in a vacuole. These give rise to five cells each – two valvogenic, two capsulogenic and a binucleate sporoplasm, which mature into spores. Comparison of the disporic M. trachinorum with polysporic species of Myxidium revealed significant differences in plasmodial ultrastructure, especially their attachments to host cells, surface characteristics and mode of nutrition, and in formation of generative cells. These suggest that the genus Myxidium may require revision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050657
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  • 10
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    Bryozoan stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes: relationships between the isotopic composition of zooids, statoblasts and lake water (2015)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-07-29
    Print ISSN: 0018-8158
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5117
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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