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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Extensive Raman experiments at very low frequencies arising from the scattering of mechanical vibrations of surface roughness features and colloidal particles (inelastic Mie scattering of localized acoustic vibrations) have been carried out at various laser excitation wavelengths. These low frequency bands have been studied either on electrochemically roughened silver electrodes or in colloidal silver sols, in the presence of polarizable molecules (pyridine, benzoic acid, acridine) or only with various salts. A simple model has been built and allows to account satisfactorily for the experimental band shapes. From the fit between experimental and calculated curves, we can approach the size distribution for resonant particles. These distributions display a shift of their maximum toward large size particles and a broadening of their widths when the laser excitation wavelength is turned from violet to red. An unexpected intensity enhancement of these acoustic modes, detected when excitation takes place in the red, cannot be explained as originating solely from electric dipolar plasmon resonance. Likewise, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra, molecular mechanisms via charge transfer complexes and/or dipolar magnetic scattering are invoked in an attempt of explanation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 2
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 96 (1992), S. 8785-8791 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 1195-1208 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to understand more deeply the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect, this article develops a model, based upon the simulation of the UV–visible extinction spectra which allows the determination of the morphology of metallic particles in silver and gold colloids either unaggregated or in any aggregation state. The main assumptions of this model are (i) light scattering by independent particles or clusters (objects) which enables us to express the total extinction cross section as a suitably weighted sum of cross sections of individual objects (targets); (ii) these targets are supposed to be compact and their individual cross sections are determined either from the Mie theory for spheres or from the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) for objects of any shape and size; (iii) the weight of each individual cross section is determined using a minimization process (simplex method) which looks for the best possible agreement between the experimental and calculated spectrum; (iv) lastly a simple calculation, based on the assumption of compact objects, provides the absorbance (optical density). In the case of unaggregated silver and gold colloids, this model gives a very good agreement between experimental and simulated extinction spectra thus leading to a particle size histogram which is consistent to that determined from transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) measurements. For aggregated colloids, an excellent agreement is still obtained between experimental and simulated band profiles; a slight discrepancy is observed between experimental and calculated intensities which might result from the tendency of DDA to underestimate the individual cross sections and/or from a lack of validity of the compact approximation. The clusters histogram deduced from the simulation process reveals small spheres (unaggregated particles) and elongated objects small compared to the visible light wavelength. This latter result is different from that obtained by TEM data in which the likely occurrence of a further aggregation leads to the observation of large aggregates. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Substituent, Heteroatom, and Solvent Effects on the Thermal-Bleaching Kinetics and Absorption Spectra of Photomerocyanines Issued from Spiro[indoline-oxazines]Quantitative information useful for the development of new photochromic systems is obtained from the study of heteroatom and substituent effects on the thermal-bleaching kinetics and the absorption spectra of the photomerocyanines issued from spiro[indoline-oxazines]. The effect on photochromic properties of the presence of N-atoms either in the dimethine bridge or in the aromatic rings has been investigated through the comparison of spiro[indoline-naphthopyrans] C with spiro[indoline-naphthoxazines] A and with spiro[indoline-quinolinoxazines] B. Besides the occurrence of biexponential thermal-bleaching kinetics in non-polar solvents is observed: a tentative explanation for this observation is given which involves the formation, in either sequential or parallel steps, of energetically distinct stereoisomers of the opened form.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Photochrmic Characteristics of 1,3-Dihydrospiro[2H-indole-2,3′-[3H-]pyrimido[5,4-f][1,4]benzoxazines] and 1,3-Dihydrospiro[2H-indole-2,7′[7H]thiazolo[5,4-f][1,4]benzoxazines]Two new series of 1,3-dihydrospiro[2H-indole-ozazine] derivatives were synthesized, the 1,3-dihydrospiro[2H-indole-2,3′-[3H]pyrimido[5,4]pyrimido[5,4-f][1,4]benzoxaines] 4-10 and the 1,3-dihydrospiro[2H-indole2,7′-[7H]thiazolo-[5,4-f][1,4]benzoxaines] 11-17. These series extend the available range of photochromic properties (rate constant of thermal bleaching, UV/VIS spectrum of the opened coloured form, and photocoloration yield), an interesting feature of variable-transmission materials. The synthesis of these compounds (Scheme 1) required the preliminary synthesis of intermediate β-hydroxy-α-nitrosotherocycles 18 and 19 (Scheme 2). Important amounts of a coloured, non-photochromic, stable secondary product (See 20) were found in the condensation in the spiro[indole-thiazolobenzoxazine] series. The photochromic characteristics of the new derivatives were determined using a flash-photolysis apparatus coupled to a fast-scanning spectrometer. The role of the heteroatoms in the oxazine moiety and the role of substitutents in the indole moiety were investigated quantitatively through the study of the photochromic properties and the solvent effects. The presence of an S-atom gives rise to interesting properties which open up new prospects for synthesis and application.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New chromenes annulated with different six-membered azaheterocycles were prepared, i.e., the 3H-pyra-no[3,2-f]quinolines 9/10 and 14, the 8H-pyrano[2,3-h]isoquinoline 11, the 8H-pyrano[3,2-f]quinazolme 12, the 8-H-pyrano[3,2-f]quinoxaline 13, and the 2H-pyrano[2,3-f]isoquinoline 15. The synthesis was achieved using conveniently substituted α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and organotitanium intermediates arising from azaheterocyclic phenols. Their photochromic behaviour (photocolouration yield, UV/VIS spectrum of photomerocyanines, rate constant of thermal bleaching) were studied besides those of corresponding naphthopyrans. The heterocycle effect and the role of substituents in the pyran moiety were investigated quantitatively through the study of the photochromic properties and the solvent effects. Diaryl-substituted azino-fused chromenes, especially isoquinoline derivatives, exhibit increased colourabilities and bathochromically shifted spectra for photomerocyanines which open up new prospects for photochromic applications.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of 3H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrans 9-21 linked to a thiophene moiety is described. Two different synthetic approaches were applied to prepare these novel functionalized compounds, and their spectrokinetic properties in solution are reported.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1075-4261
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The bioxidative transformation of the antitumor drug N(2)-methyl-9-hydroxy ellipticinium (NMHE) by the peroxidase-H2O2 system leads to a highly electrophilic quinoneimine species. This species may react with biological macromolecules such as proteins or nucleic acids, that contain suitable nucleophilic groups, to give covalent adducts through a Michael addition at C(10). When this reaction takes place in the presence of aliphatic primary amines, recyclisation process occurs during coupling leading to adducts of which the oxazolopyridocarbazole (OPC) structure has been established. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of these OPC were recorded and analyzed to serve as references. On the basis of these spectral data, the SERS investigation of adducts obtained with aliphatic amino acids indicated that these species present the same chromophoric OPC-type structure as those obtained with aliphatic amines. On the other hand, we have studied the covalent binding of the drug to calf thymus DNA obtained under the same oxidative enzymatic procedure. Since previous studies have shown that adenosine was the preferential binding target within DNA, to determine the precise structure of DNA adducts we have synthesized a model adduct from this nucleoside to be used as a reference. Characterization by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Near-IR FT Raman, and SERS of this adenosine-NMHE adduct suggests that the covalent binding occurs between the C(10) of the ellipticinium chromophore and the N(6) primary amine of the adenine. Finally, from hydrolysis of DNA adducts, their isolation by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the analysis of the SERS spectrum of the main adduct formed, it appears that the structure is probably the same as that proposed for the adenosine-NMHE adduct. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Viscosimetric and kinetic results allow one to characterize three modes of DNA binding in the ellipticine series: (1) Ellipticine and its 9 methoxy derivative, which present maximal DNA lengthening properties and bind DNA through a single step mechanism, can be considered as pure intercalators. (2) Ellipticinium derivatives and short-chain substituted oxazolopyridocarbazoles, which present intermediate DNA lengthening properties, bind DNA through a two-step mechanism, one being intercalation. (3) Long-chain substituted oxazolopyridocarbazole derivatives, which display the smallest DNA lengthening properties, bind DNA through a single-step mechanism, probably resulting from an outside binding mode.The viscosimetric and kinetic results are compared with the thermodynamic results obtained from the temperature dependence of the binding constants. It appears that drugs binding on the outside of the DNA double helix tend to have large enthalpy and small entropy contributions, whereas pure intercalating drugs have contributions from both enthalpy and entropy, with entropy dominating by about 2 : 1. Drugs showing two binding modes exhibit a continuum between the aforementioned extremes, with no breaks in behavior.From this comparison, a correlation between thermodynamic data and DNA binding modes is proposed. Possible molecular implications of both enthalpy and entropy to DNA binding free energy are discussed.
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