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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intake and digestibility of components of forage rape (Brassica napus) by sheep (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 48 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Herbage from forage rape (Brassica napus cv. Lair), harvested in the autumn, was separated into different morphological components and offered ad libitum to weaned lambs and adult sheep in two indoor pen-feeding experiments. In vivo. digestibility and the voluntary intake of herbage components were measured and related to chemical composition and in vitro digestibility. The organic matter digestibility of all plant components, especially of petiole, was high; lamina, 0·847: petiole, 0·892; upper stem. 0·865; lower stem, 0·771. Lambs and adults digested ‘leaf’ (0·83) vs 0·846) or ‘stem’ (0·782 vs 0·789) equally well. Both lambs and adults ate much less of the components or of whole crop than would be predicted with grass crops of similar digestibility or fibre content. With the exception of lamina, intake was closely related positively to digestibility and negatively lo fibre content. Low intakes of lamina were associated with high concentrations of glucosinolates. In vitro digestibility values obtained on small samples of forage show that the process is adequate for the prediction of in vivo digestibility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1993.tb01875.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prediction of the in vivodigestibility of the diet of sheep and cattle grazing indigenous hill plant communities by in vitrodigestion, faecal nitrogen concentration or indigestible' acid-detergent fibre (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 44 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Herbage and faeces samples were retained from an intake and in vivodigestibility trial using material harvested at three different stages from five indigenous hill plant communities (those dominated by Agrostis-Festuca., Nardus stricta., Molinia caerulea., Eriophorum vaginatum and Tri-chophorum caespitosum) and from sown swards of ryegrass or white clover. Samples of the herbages and of their separate components, together with extrusa samples of the same herbages recovered from pen-fed sheep and cattle oesophageal fistulates, were digested in vitrousing rumen liquor. Measurements were made also of faecal nitrogen concentration (FN) and of indigestible acid-detergent fibre (IADF) using the samples from the original trial.The range of in vitrodisappearance values of the herbages (IVOMD; 0809-0278) was slightly wider than those of in vivodigestibility (OMD; 0-796-0-37I). Differences between OMD and IVOMD were greatest at low quality and relationships were best described by two separate linear regressions of OMD on IVOMD for (a) ryegrass, white clover, Agrostis-Festucaand Nardus(RSD; 0 0185) and, (b) Molinia, Tricho-phorumand Eriophorum(RSD; 00246). In vitrodisappearance values of extrusa were higher than those of herbages offered by 00503 and 00156 units for sheep and cattle respectively, partly because of greater levels of ensalivation, especially in the sheep. The relationships of OMD to IADF and to FN were poor, though inclusion of faeces output and fitting parallel lines for communities in the regression of OMD on FN reduced the RSD to 0020. We conclude that in vitrodigestion of samples of extrusa, using appropriate standards, is the best method of diet digestibility prediction for sheep and cattle grazing these communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1989.tb02168.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL-RICH HERBS ON THE YIELD AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SWARDS (1956)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 11 (1956), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1956.tb00042.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Controlled grazing studies on Nardus grassland: effects of between-tussock sward height and species of grazer on diet selection and intake (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 52 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Groups of mature, non-lactating sheep and cattle grazed a Nardus stricta community during the growing season for six consecutive years from 1984 to 1989. Three unreplicated treatments were applied by continuous variable stocking to maintain between-tussock sward height at (a) 4·5 cm by cattle grazing and (b) 4·5 cm or (c) 3·5 cm by sheep grazing. Diet composition and herbage intake were measured from 1984 to 1987 on three occasions in the growing season, and live weight and stock density were recorded from 1984 to 1988. The diet of cattle usually contained more dead herbage, Nardus, sedges and rushes but less forbs and other fine-leaved grasses than the diet of sheep. Principal coordinate analysis showed different trends across years in diet composition, especially between the sheep and cattle treatments at 4·5 cm. Diet digestibility was usually higher for sheep treatments than for the cattle treatment. Diet digestibility and herbage intake increased between 1984 and 1985, and 1986; they also declined from spring to late summer. Regression of diet digestibility on independent principal components — which were derived from diet composition measurements — showed that the two most important principal components accounted for 72% of the variation in digestibility. Stock-carrying capacity (kg LW × d ha−1, calculated from live weight, grazing days and stock density) was greater on the cattle treatment than on either sheep treatment. Stock-carrying capacity also increased more in successive years on the cattle than on either sheep treatment, and it was greater on the sward maintained at 3·5 cm than at 4·5 cm by sheep. These increases in stock-carrying capacity were generally positively associated with the increase in the percentage specific frequency both of live material and of the more productive grasses in the swards. These data indicate that sheep-only stocking tends to Nardus dominance and suggest that further study using productive cattle — either alone or mixed with sheep — is needed, preferably in association with measurements of floristic change both within and between tussocks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1997.tb02352.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of sward height and its direction of change on the herbage intake, diet selection and performance of weaned lambs grazing ryegrass swards (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Four sward height treatments were imposed by continuous variable stocking using at least ten Suffolk × Greyface lambs per plot from late July to late August: constant 3·5 cm. constant 6·0 cm. 3·5cm increasing to 6·0 cm and 6·0 cm decreasing to 3·5 cm. The treatments were established on two swards given fertilizer N applications over the season of 97 and 160 kg N ha−1 respectively.Animal density was greater on the high fertilizer treatment, at the lower sward height and especially on the decreasing height treatments. Liveweight change of lambs was higher (P 〈0·001) on the 6-cm than on the 3·5-cm treatments (+159 vs-13g d−1 and was also higher (P 〈0·001) on the increasing than on the decreasing sward height treatments (+92 vs-26 g d−1). Herbage organic matter intake (OMI), measured on two occasions in the experiment, was greater (P 〈0·001) on the 6·0 cm than on the 3·5-cm sward heights whereas values for the increasing sward height treatments were much greater than those for the decreasing sward height treatments. There was little difference in the organic matter digestibility of the diet between treatments. Diets were composed largely of lamina, although there was more pseudostem and dead herbage in the diets of Iambs grazing the decreasing than the increasing sward height treatments at the end of the experiment. Bite mass was closely related to OMI but the treatment and period differences were relatively greater than for OMI. Bite mass was more closely related to the depth of the lamina layer (sward height-pseudostem height) than it was to sward height. There was evidence that pseudostem acted as a barrier to defoliation on these short swards and also that the proportion of youngest leaf in the diet was positively related to sward height and to increases in sward height.Sward height and especially the direction of change in sward height, together with associated stock density, were potent influences on lamb growth rate. This was a consequence of differences in herbage intake, which was strongly influenced by bite mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1995.tb02333.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of level of Molinia utilization on diet selection and herbage intake by cattle grazing Molinia grassland (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Grass and forage science 52 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Groups of mature, non-lactating, cows grazed two Molinia-dominant grassland communities in central and southern Scotland during six consecutive summers. Two treatments, designed to use either 33% or 66% of the estimated annual Molinia leaf production by grazing to different leaf lengths, were imposed at each site. Grazing was restricted to the period of Molinia growth each season. During the first 4 years, diet composition, diet digestibility and herbage organic matter intake were determined during either one or two measurement periods each year. There were differences between sites in the floristic content of the sward and these differences were reflected in the diet selected by the cattle. Cows grazing the taller (33% utilization) plots had higher percentages of Molinia, grass stem, sheath and inflorescences and lower percentages of broad-leaved grasses, sedges, rushes and dead herbage in the diet than those grazing the shorter (66% utilization) plots. Differences between the floristic composition of the sward and the diet were explicable by (a) the height at which cattle grazed in relation to the distribution of components within the sward or (b) the selective grazing of small areas dominated by a particular species. The organic matter digestibility of diets differed between sites but there was no significant difference in digestibility or organic matter intake between the treatments. On average less than 50 d grazing was provided by the experimental sites each year. During this period the liveweight gains of cows grazing the two treatments did not differ significantly. The implications of these results for the management of Molinia-dominant communities are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1997.tb02351.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The voluntary intake and in vivo digestibility of herbage harvested from indigenous hill plant communities (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 41 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Voluntary intake and in vivo digestibility of herbage harvested from five indigenous communities–Agrostis-Festuca, Nardus and Molinia grasslands and Eriophorum vaginatum- and Trichophorum caespitosum-dominated varieties of blanket bog–and also from sown Lolium perenne and Trifolium repens swards were measured over two years. First growths of each sward were harvested at three stages of maturity and stored at — 20°C before feeding. Voluntary intake was measured while feeding ad libitum to 15% excess of the intake on the previous day and digestibility when feeding at 80% of voluntary intake.There was a common positive relationship (r2= 0·86***) between intake (adjusted for year of feeding, range 72·8–16·7 g organic matter (kg LW)0·75 d-1) and organic matter digestibility (range 0·796–0·371), covering Lolium perenne and most of the indigenous communities. However, there were significant differences between the regressions of intake on the concentration of neutral detergent fibre for ryegrass and the indigenous communities, and also between the regressions for individual communities.The results demonstrated the general value of organic matter digestibility as a predictor of intake potential, and the high digestibility and intake potential of immature vegetation from the grass and grass heath communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1986.tb01792.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE INFLUENCE OF MINERAL-RICH HERBS ON THE YIELD AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SWARDS (1956)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 11 (1956), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1956.tb00053.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digestibility of a Sample of Pasture Grass by Calves (1954)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 174 (1954), S. 1182-1183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE possibility of rearing calves on pasture grass from an early age has recently received a considerable amount of attention in Great Britain. The method, which possesses certain economic advantages, has been common practice in New Zealand for a number of years. Relatively little information ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1741182a0
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  • 10
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    The availability of calcium in three grasses (1957)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 1957-11-01
    Description: 1. The availability of the calcium in three species of grass has been determined by a slaughter technique, using the rat as the experimental animal.2. The calcium in both timothy and perennial rye-grass was found to be more available than that in cocksfoot, the differences between timothy and cocksfoot, and between perennial rye-grass and cocksfoot being of a significant order.3. The grasses as a whole were found to be inferior to both the legumes and herbs in respect of calcium availability.4. The significance of the high faecal calcium values found in rats receiving the cocksfoot diets has been discussed.5. There was shown to be some indication of inverse relationships between fibre content and calcium availability, and between oxalic acid content and calcium availability.No single one of the nine grassland plants so far investigated has proved to have a calcium availability which, when taken in conjunction with total calcium content, would be in the least likely to induce symptoms of deficiency in an animal fed on that species alone.
    Print ISSN: 0021-8596
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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