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    In Situ Detection of Organic Molecules on the Martian Surface With the Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) on Exomars 2018 (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) investigation on the 2018 ExoMars rover will examine the chemical composition of samples acquired from depths of up to two meters below the martian surface, where organics may be protected from radiative and oxidative degradation. The MOMA instrument is centered around a miniaturized linear ion trap (LIT) that facilitates two modes of operation: i) pyrolysisgas chromatography mass spectrometry (pyrGC-MS); and, ii) laser desorptionionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) at ambient Mars pressures. The LIT also enables the structural characterization of complex molecules via complementary analytical capabilities, such as multi-frequency waveforms (i.e., SWIFT) and tandem mass spectrometry (MSMS). When combined with the complement of instruments in the rovers Pasteur Payload, MOMA has the potential to reveal the presence of a wide range of organics preserved in a variety of mineralogical environments, and to begin to understand the structural character and potential origin of those compounds.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN22724 , Astrobiology Science Conference; Jun 15, 2015 - Jun 19, 2015; Chicago, IL; United States
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Organometallic Compounds as Carriers of Extraterrestrial Cyanide in Primitive Meteorites (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-28
    Description: Extraterrestrial delivery of cyanide may have been crucial for the origin of life on Earth since cyanide is involved in the abiotic synthesis of numerous organic compounds found in extant life; however, little is known about the abundance and species of cyanide present in meteorites. Here, we report cyanide abundance in a set of CM chondrites ranging from 50 1 to 2472 38 nmolg1, which relates to the degree of aqueous alteration of the meteorite and indicates that parent body processing inuenced cyanide abundance. Analysis of the Lewis Cliff 85311 meteorite shows that its releasable cyanide is primarily in the form of [FeII (CN)5(CO)]3 and [FeII(CN)4(CO)2]2-. Meteoritic delivery of iron cyanocarbonyl complexes to early Earth likely provided an important point source of free cyanide. Iron cyanocarbonyl complexes may have served as precursors to the unusual FeII(CN)(CO) moieties that form the catalytic centers of hydrogenases, which are thought to be among the earliest enzymes.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN70366 , Nature Communications (e-ISSN 2041-1723); 10; 2777
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Major and Trace Element Analysis of Natural and Experimental Igneous Systems using LA-ICP-MS (2016)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Major- and trace-element compositions of minerals provide valuable information on a variety of global Earth-system processes, including melting of distinct mantle reservoirs, the growth and evolution of the Earths crust and the formation of economically viable ore deposits. In the mid-1980s and early 1990s, attempts were made to couple laser ablation (LA) systems to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) instruments (e.g. Fryer et al. 1995; Jackson et al. 1992). The goal was to develop a rapid, highly sensitive in situ analytical technique to measure abundances and spatial distributions of trace elements in minerals and other geological samples. Elemental analysis using LAICPMS was envisaged as a quicker and less destructive means of chemical analysis (requiring only g quantities) than labour-intensive sample digestion and solution analysis (requiring mg-levels of material); and it would be a more cost-effective method than secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) for the routine analysis of trace elements from solid samples. Furthermore, it would have lower limits-of-detection than electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) (e.g. Jackson et al. 1992; Eggins 2003).
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN40628 , Elements (ISSN 1811-5209) (e-ISSN 1811-5217); 12; 5; 311-316
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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