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  • 1
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    Study of Extreme Magnetopause Distortions Under Varying Solar Wind Conditions (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-12
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉To first order, the magnetopause (MP) is defined by a pressure balance between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. The boundary moves under the influence of varying solar wind conditions and transient foreshock phenomena, reaching unusually large and small distances from the Earth. We investigate under which solar wind conditions such extreme MP distortions occur. Therefore, we construct a database of magnetopause crossings (MPCs) observed by the THEMIS spacecraft in the years 2007 to mid‐2022 using a simple Random Forest Classifier. Roughly 7% of the found crossing events deviate beyond reported errors in the stand‐off distance from the Shue et al. (1998, 〈ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1029/98JA01103"〉https://doi.org/10.1029/98JA01103〈/ext-link〉) MP model and thus are termed extreme distortions. We find the occurrence of these extreme events in terms of expansion or compression of the MP to be linked to different solar wind parameters, most notably to the IMF magnitude, cone angle, velocity, Alfvén Mach number and temperature. Foreshock transients like hot‐flow anomalies and foreshock bubbles could be responsible for extreme magnetospheric expansions. The results should be incorporated into future magnetopause models and may be helpful for the reconstruction of the MP locations out of soft x‐ray images, relevant for the upcoming SMILE mission.〈/p〉
    Description: Key Points: 〈list list-type="bullet"〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉More than 160.000 magnetopause crossings (MPCs) identified in THEMIS data between 2007 and 2022 using a Random Forest Classifier〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Magnetopause crossings that extremely deviate in location from the Shue et al. (1998, 〈ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.1029/98JA01103"〉https://doi.org/10.1029/98JA01103〈/ext-link〉) model are quite common〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈list-item〉 〈p xml:lang="en"〉Important solar wind parameters associated with deviations include the interplanetary magnetic field cone angle, solar wind velocity and Alfvén Mach number〈/p〉〈/list-item〉 〈/list〉 〈/p〉
    Description: German Ministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz and Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐und Raumfahrt http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002946
    Description: UKRI Stephen Hawking Fellowship
    Description: German Ministry for Economy and Technology and
    Description: German Center for Aviation and Space
    Description: https://osf.io/b6kux/
    Description: https://github.com/spedas/pyspedas
    Description: http://themis.ssl.berkeley.edu/data/themis/
    Description: https://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/
    Description: https://scikit-learn.org/stable/supervised_learning.html#supervised-learning
    Keywords: ddc:538.7 ; magnetopause ; solar wind ; statistics ; machine learning ; THEMIS
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 2
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    Space Sound Effects Short Film Festival: using the film festival model to inspire creative art–science and reach new audiences (2020)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-18
    Description: The ultra-low frequency analogues of sound waves in Earth's magnetosphere play a crucial role in space weather; however, the public is largely unaware of this risk to our everyday lives and technology. As a way of potentially reaching new audiences, SSFX (Space Sound Effects) made 8 years of satellite wave recordings audible to the human ear with the aim of using it to create art. Partnering with film industry professionals, the standard processes of international film festivals were adopted by the project in order to challenge independent filmmakers to incorporate these sounds into short films in creative ways. Seven films covering a wide array of topics and genres (despite coming from the same sounds) were selected for screening at a special film festival out of 22 submissions. The works have subsequently been shown at numerous established film festivals and screenings internationally. These events have attracted diverse non-science audiences resulting in several unanticipated impacts on them, thereby demonstrating how working with the art world can open up dialogues with both artists and audiences who would not ordinarily engage with science.
    Print ISSN: 2569-7102
    Electronic ISSN: 2569-7110
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 3
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    Demonstrating change from a drop-in space soundscape exhibit by using graffiti walls both before and after (2021)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-18
    Description: Impact evaluation in public engagement necessarily requires measuring change. However, this is extremely challenging for drop-in activities due to their very nature. We present a novel method of impact evaluation which integrates graffiti walls into the experience both before and after the main drop-in activity. The activity in question was a soundscape exhibit, where young families experienced the usually inaudible sounds of near-Earth space in an immersive and accessible way. We apply two analysis techniques to the captured before and after data – quantitative linguistics and thematic analysis. These analyses reveal significant changes in participants' responses after the activity compared to before, namely an increased diversity in language used to describe space and altered conceptions of what space is like. The results demonstrate that the soundscape was surprisingly effective at innately communicating key aspects of the underlying science simply through the act of listening. The impacts also highlight the power of sonification in stimulating public engagement, which, through reflection, can lead to altered associations, perceptions, and understanding. Therefore, we show that this novel approach to drop-in activity evaluation, using graffiti walls both before and after the activity and applying rigorous analysis to this data, has the power to capture change and, thus, have a short-term impact. We suggest that commonly used evaluation tools suitable for drop-in activities, such as graffiti walls, should be integrated both before and after the main activity in general, rather than only using them afterwards as is typically the case.
    Print ISSN: 2569-7102
    Electronic ISSN: 2569-7110
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 4
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    “Thanks for helping me find my enthusiasm for physics”: the lasting impacts “research in schools” projects can have on students, teachers, and schools (2021)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-08
    Description: Using 6 years of evaluation data, we assess the medium- and long-term impacts upon a diverse range of students, teachers, and schools from participating in a programme of protracted university-mentored projects based on cutting-edge space science, astronomy, and particle physics research. After having completed their 6-month-long projects, the 14–18-year-old school students report having substantially increased in confidence relating to relevant scientific topics and methods as well as having developed numerous skills, outcomes which are corroborated by teachers. There is evidence that the projects helped increase students' aspirations towards physics, whereas science aspirations (generally high to begin with) were typically maintained or confirmed through their involvement. Longitudinal evaluation 3 years later has revealed that these projects have been lasting experiences for students which they have benefited from and drawn upon in their subsequent university education. Data on students' destinations suggest that their involvement in research projects has made them more likely to undertake physics and STEM degrees than would otherwise be expected. Cases of co-created novel physics research resulting from Physics Research in School Environments (PRiSE) has also seemed to have a powerful effect, not only on the student co-authors, but also participating students from other schools. Teachers have also been positively affected through participating, with the programme having influenced their own knowledge, skills, and pedagogy, as well as having advantageous effects felt across their wider schools. These impacts suggest that similar “research in schools” initiatives may have a role to play in aiding the increased uptake and diversity of physics and/or STEM in higher education as well as meaningfully enhancing the STEM environment within schools.
    Print ISSN: 2569-7102
    Electronic ISSN: 2569-7110
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 5
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    Schools of all backgrounds can do physics research – on the accessibility and equity of the Physics Research in School Environments (PRiSE) approach to independent research projects (2021)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-08
    Description: Societal biases are a major issue in school students' access to and interaction with science. School engagement programmes in science from universities, like independent research projects, which could try and tackle these problems are, however, often inequitable. We evaluate these concerns applied to one such programme, Physics Research in School Environments (PRiSE), which features projects in space science, astronomy, and particle physics. Comparing the schools involved with PRiSE to those of other similar schemes and UK national statistics, we find that PRiSE has engaged a much more diverse set of schools with significantly more disadvantaged groups than is typical. While drop-off occurs within the protracted programme, we find no evidence of systematic biases present. The majority of schools that complete projects return for multiple years with the programme, with this repeated buy-in from schools again being unpatterned by typical societal inequalities. Therefore, a school's ability to succeed in independent research projects appears independent of background within the PRiSE framework. Qualitative feedback from teachers shows that the diversity and equity of the programme, which they attribute to the level of support offered through PRiSE's framework, is valued, and they have highlighted further ways of making the projects potentially even more accessible. Researcher involvement, uncommon in many other programmes, along with teacher engagement and communication are found to be key elements to success in independent research projects overall.
    Print ISSN: 2569-7102
    Electronic ISSN: 2569-7110
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 6
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    Evaluating participants' experience of extended interaction with cutting-edge physics research through the PRiSE “research in schools” programme (2021)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-08
    Description: Physics in schools is distinctly different from, and struggles to capture the excitement of, university research-level work. Initiatives where students engage in independent research linked to cutting-edge physics within their school over several months might help mitigate this, potentially facilitating the uptake of science in higher education. However, how such initiatives are best supported remains unclear and understudied. This paper evaluates a provision framework, Physics Research in School Environments (PRiSE), using survey data from participating 14–18-year-old students and their teachers to understand their experience of the programme. The results show that PRiSE appears to provide much more positive experiences than typical university outreach initiatives due to the nature of the opportunities afforded over several months, which schools would not be able to provide without external input. The intensive support offered is deemed necessary, with all elements appearing equally important. Based on additional feedback from independent researchers and engagement professionals, we also suggest the framework could be adopted at other institutions and applied to their own areas of scientific research, something which has already started to occur.
    Print ISSN: 2569-7102
    Electronic ISSN: 2569-7110
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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