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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of Spiroplasma citri in plants and insect hosts by ELISA (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 31 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was shown to be a sensitive method for the detection of Spiroplasma citri in plants and insect hosts. S. citri was detected in Vinca rosea less than 1 week after infection by grafting, and reached a peak litre of up to 109 spiroplasmas per gram of tissue in infected shoots and root tips. Multiplication of S. citri in the leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus was also monitored by ELISA. S. citri could be detected in a single insect, showing that this technique is suitable for screening insect populations in the field for potential vectors of Spiroplasma diseases. A method is described for raising a pathogen-specific antiserum from V. rosea infected with S. citri which reacted with cultured S. citri and also with S. citri in plant tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1982.tb01282.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathogenic mechanisms of mycoplasmas (1979)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 277 (1979), S. 268-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] MYCOPLASMAS are a diverse group of wall-less prokaryotes. They have been implicated as possible causal agents in a multitude of diseases in animals, plants and insects but have been demonstrated to be causative in relatively few instances and in only a handful of cases is there any information ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/277268a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterologous protein secretion by Aspergillus niger growing in submerged culture as dispersed or aggregated mycelia (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  The secreted production of a heterologous enzyme, hen egg-white lysozyme, by Aspergillus niger was studied in shake flasks containing media of different initial viscosities. Raising the viscosity of the medium by addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) brought about a transition in the form of growth from aggregated mycelia (pellets) to dispersed mycelia. The specific yield of lysozyme in cultures containing an initial concentration of 5% (w/v) starch was 8 mg lysozyme/g dry weight. Addition of 2% (w/v) PVP to the medium resulted in a specific yield of 14 mg lysozyme/g dry weight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050534
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterologous protein secretion by Aspergillus niger growing in submerged culture as dispersed or aggregated mycelia (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 157-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The secreted production of a heterologous enzyme, hen egg-white lysozyme, by Aspergillus niger was studied in shake flasks containing media of different initial viscosities. Raising the viscosity of the medium by addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) brought about a transition in the form of growth from aggregated mycelia (pellets) to dispersed mycelia. The specific yield of lysozyme in cultures containing an initial concentration of 5% (w/v) starch was 8 mg lysozyme/g dry weight. Addition of 2% (w/v) PVP to the medium resulted in a specific yield of 14 mg lysozyme/g dry weight.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00164495
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formate utilization by members of the genus Methanobacterium (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 156 (1991), S. 34-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Formate ; Interspecies electron transfer ; Membrane inlet mass spectrometry ; Methanobacterium ; Methanogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Washed cell suspensions of Methanobacterium formicicum MF, Methanobacterium bryantii M.o.H.G. and Methanobacterium strain FR-2 but not Methanobacterium bryantii M.o.H., were shown to produce hydrogen and methane from formate. Levels of dissolved gases (H2 and CH4) were continuously and simultaneously monitored within a closed reaction vessel using membrane inlet mass spectrometry. Growth on formate (0–50mM), measured by methane production and increase in absorbance, was observed for both M. formicicum MF and M. bryantii M.o.H.G. but not with Methanobacterium strain FR-2 or M. bryantii M.o.H.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418184
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterisation of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene from Aspergillus nidulans (1998)
    Springer
    Current genetics 34 (1998), S. 379-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Acetyl-CoA carboxylase ; Aspergillus nidulans ; Malonyl-CoA ; Fatty acid synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The putative gene encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase, accA, has been isolated from Aspergillus nidulans. This single-copy gene has an open reading frame (ORF) of 6864 bp and contains two small introns near the 5′-end. A short ORF upstream of the ATG start codon has been identified in this gene by RT-PCR. Based on sequence homology to acetyl-CoA carboxylases from other organisms, putative biotin-, ATP-, HCO3 –- and acetyl-CoA- binding sites have been assigned. Northern data and ACC enzyme-activity measurements from A. nidulans suggested that expression of accA was higher in media containing nitrate than ammonia as a sole nitrogen source. Deletion of accA in A. nidulans was unsuccessful. The failure of A. nidulans to grow in the presence of the ACC-specific inhibitor, soraphen A, supplemented with C16–18 fatty acids suggested that ACC is an essential enzyme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050410
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterisation of a gene encoding protein disulphide isomerase, pdiA, from Aspergillus niger (1997)
    Springer
    Current genetics 31 (1997), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key wordsAspergillus niger ; Heterologous expression ; Protein disulphide isomerase ; Protein folding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Current strategies to improve the secretion of heterologous proteins from Aspergillus niger include the manipulation of chaperones and foldases specific to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here we report the isolation of a gene, pdiA, encoding a putative protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) from A. niger using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PDI gene as a probe. Sequencing of a genomic clone and RT-PCR products predict a 515-aa protein comprising a 20-aa ER-translocation signal sequence and a 495-aa mature protein (Mr = 54.3 kDa). The predicted protein also contains two thiol oxidoreductase active sites with a -CGHC- motif and a carboxy terminal -HDEL ER-retention signal. Three introns were identified within the pdiA gene and Southern- and dot-blot analysis indicates that the gene is present in a single copy. Northern-blot analysis shows a transcript of the predicted size. Sequence homology to a motif associated with protein trafficking and the induction of chaperones has been identified in the pdiA promoter. Transcription of pdiA is induced 3–4-fold after treatment with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation. The kinetics of induction suggest that pdiA expression is not part of the primary stress response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050187
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trichoderma reesei sequences that bind to the nuclear matrix enhance transformation frequency (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 256 (1997), S. 18-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsTrichoderma reesei ; Autonomously replicating sequence ; Transformation ; Matrix attachment region ; Nuclear matrix
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Three DNA fragments, trs1, 2 and 3, were isolated from the Trichoderma reesei genome on the basis of their ability to promote autonomous replication of plasmids in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Each trs element bound specifically to the isolated T. reesei nuclear matrix in vitro, and two of them bound in vivo, indicating that they are matrix attachment regions (MARs). A similar sequence previously isolated from Aspergillus nidulans (ans1) was also shown to bind specifically to the T. reesei nuclear matrix in vitro. The T. reesei MARs are AT-rich sequences containing 70%, 86% and 73% A+T over 2.9, 0.8 and 3.7 kb, respectively for trs1, 2 and 3. They exhibited no significant sequence homology, but were shown to contain a number of sequence motifs that occur frequently in many MARs identified in other eukaryotes. However, these motifs occurred as frequently in the trs elements as in randomly generated sequences with the same A+T content. trs1 and 3 were shown to be present as single copies in the T. reesei genome. The presence of the trs elements in transforming plasmids enhanced the frequency of integrative transformation of T. reesei up to five fold over plasmids without a trs. No evidence was obtained to suggest that the trs elements promoted efficient replication of plasmids in T. reseei. A mechanism for the enhancement of transformation frequency by the trs elements is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050541
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line titration method for monitoring buffer capacity and total volatile fatty acid levels in anaerobic digesters (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 570-577 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The construction and use of an automatic on-line titration unit for routine or event- initiated monitoring of alkalinity, buffer capacity, and volatile fatty acid (VFA) levels is presented. Under computer control a sample of digester liquor is pumped into the titration vessel and weighed. A sequence of titration, sparging, and back-titration operations are then initiated during which the pH and weight are recorded continuously and a titration curve constructed. From the curve, estimates of the alkalinity, buffer capacity to any desired pH endpoint, and total VFA levels are computed. The data is stored to disk and output as hard copy together with the titration curve itself. Monitoring and control of the titration apparatus is effected by a microcomputer via two analog input lines and eight digital output lines, respectively. The system is suitable for downloading to a small, inexpensive dedicated microprocessor-based system. The apparatus is constructed from standard and widely available equipment and the titration sequence, being under software control, is fully adaptable to particular requirements. The use of this facility in the on-line monitoring, control and optimization of the anaerobic digestion process is discussed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260330509
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anaerobic digestion of a sulfate-rich molasses wastewater: Inhibition of hydrogen sulfide production (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 31 (1988), S. 885-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260310817
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