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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda) in fish from the Southeastern Weddell Sea (Antarctic) (1994)
    Springer
    Polar biology 14 (1994), S. 539-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2056
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Eleven fish species from the Weddell Sea (Antarctic) were examined for infestation with anisakid nematodes. Two species of the genus Contracaecum and the sealworm Pseudoterranova decipiens were isolated from the liver and the body cavity of fish affected. Only two specimens of P. decipiens (1.4%) partly invaded the belly flaps. The following fish species were infested by P. decipiens at the given prevalences: Cygnodraco mawsoni (74.4%), Trematomus scotti (23.2%), Pagetopsis maculatus (10.0%), Cryodraco antarcticus (7.1%), Trematomus lepidorhinus (3.0%), and Dolloidraco longedorsalis (2.7%). All of these, except Trematomus scotti, are new host records. Chaenodraco wilsoni, Chionodraco myersi, Gerlachea australis, Racovitzia glacialis and T. eulepidotus were not infested. The reasons for low prevalence and intensity of infestation are seen in the difficulties of P. decipiens in completing its benthic life cycle in the Weddell Sea environment, in the absence of shallow coastal waters due to the floating shelf-ice. Cygnodraco mawsoni is a crucial intermediate host, without which completion of the parasite life cycle might not be possible. In order to clarify the taxonomical position of Antarctic Pseudoterranova, morphological comparisons with specimens of P. decipiens from the German and Norwegian coast were made using scanning electron microscopy. Results revealed no differences; hence, all specimens studied belong to the same species P. decipiens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238223
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strained silicon as a new electro-optic material (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 441 (2006), S. 199-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] For decades, silicon has been the material of choice for mass fabrication of electronics. This is in contrast to photonics, where passive optical components in silicon have only recently been realized. The slow progress within silicon optoelectronics, where electronic and optical ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04706
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of whaleworm (Anisakis simplex, Nematoda, Ascaridoidea) L3 larvae in three species of marine fish; saithe (Pollachius virens (L.)), cod (Gadus morhua L.) and redfish (Sebastes marinus (L.)) from Norwegian waters (1998)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 84 (1998), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The frequency distribution of Anisakis simplex L3 larvae between host tissues was investigated in three host species: saithe, cod and redfish. Fish were sampled from Norwegian coastal waters and examined for the presence of A. simplex in muscle and viscera. In all three of the host species, A. simplex larvae were most frequently detected in the viscera; the percentages of total infection for saithe, cod and redfish were 99.6%, 97.8% and 88.0%, respectively. In general, the distribution patterns of A. simplex L3 between muscle and viscera were not significantly affected by host size. The observations that distributions vary between species and are not affected by host size do not support an earlier hypothesis which states that A. simplex L3 distributions are determined by an optimal pre-encapsulation migratory distance within host tissues. In contrast, it is suggested that A. simplex L3 distributions are governed by the conditions encountered within host tissues, and are possibly related to the availability of nutrients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050396
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A marine Diphyllobothrium plerocercoid (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea) from blue whiting (Micromestius poutasson) (1977)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 52 (1977), S. 289-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A type of Diphyllobothrium plerocercoid found in blue whiting, Micromestius poutasson, caught near the north edge of the Faeroe Banks, is described. The most dominant characters of these larvae are their typical dorsoventrally flattened body and their fully extruded and “adult”-like scolex. A morphological comparison with perocercoids of D. dendriticum, D. ditremum and D. latum is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00380549
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The helminths in the gut of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) in a small oligotrophic lake in Southern Norway (1978)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 56 (1978), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A total of 311 perch were examined for gut parasites during the period from April 1972 to December 1973. Four different metazoan parasites were found;Proteocephalus percae (Müller, 1780),Bunodera luciopercae (Müller, 1776),Acanthocephalus lucii Müller, 1776 andCamallanus lacustris Zoega, 1776.B. luciopercae andP. percae exhibited similar seasonal cycles in appearance and abundance. They were both absent from the fish population during June/July.A. lucii andC. lacustris on the other hand had a peak in infection intensity and incidence during the summer and autumn months. From September/October one year to May/June the following yearB. luciopercae was the dominating parasite species showing the highest incidence (≈95%) and intensity (a mean of about 25 parasites per infected fish). When 2×2 contingency tests were applied on the material from this period a significant negative correlation between the presence ofP. percae andA. lucii could be pointed out while there was no correlation between the presence of any of the other 3 parasite species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00925933
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural studies on Diphyllobothrium ditremum and D. dendriticum (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea), with emphasis on the scolex tegument and the tegument in the area around the genital atrium (1975)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 46 (1975), S. 253-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The scolices of D. ditremum and D. dendriticum are similar in regard to general morphology and ultrastructure of the tegument. At the scolex apex and along the upper bothrial edges sensory endings are numerous. The inner bothrium surface of D. ditremum appears to be plain or smooth, the distal cytoplasm is only about 0.6 μm thick and covered with long and slender microtriches. When D. ditremum is attached to the host gut an adhesive layer of secreted substance exists between the inner bothrium surface and the host intestinal villi. In D. dendriticum, however, no secreted layer exists between the inner bothrium surface and the host intestinal villi and the inner bothrium surface of this species appears to be lobed or lappet formed. The lobes are protrusions of the distal cytoplasm and are covered with long and slender microtriches. Large conglomerations of secretion globules appearing to be enclosed by a double membrane, are observed in the scolices of D. dendriticum and D. ditremum, although more frequent in the latter. Differences existing between the distal cytoplasm of the scolex and the gravid proglottid are described. The papillae around the genital atrium in mature and gravid segments were studied. Each papilla appears as a thickening of the distal cytoplasm, which in this region is 10–12 μm thick, when studied with transmission electron microscope. From the area between the papillae sensory endings appearing in sections to be either single, double or triple are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418519
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The functional morphology of the scolex of twoTetrabothrius Rudolphi 1819 species (Cestoda; Tetrabothriidae) from penguins (1982)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 67 (1982), S. 299-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The functional morphology of the scolex of two species ofTetrabothrius from penguins from Bouvet Island in the Antarctic as revealed by scanning electron and light microscopy is described. These two species,T. pauliani from chintrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) andTetrabothrius sp. from macaroni penguins (Edyptes chrysolophus), possessed scoleces with a somewhat different appearance and the way in which they attach to the host gut also turned out to be different. InT. pauliani the auricles were well developed and played a major role in the attachment process while the bothridia functioned as lateral shallow suckers. InTetrabothrius sp. the auricles were very small and played an inferior role in the attachment process while the bothridia acted as powerful anteriorly directed cup-like suckers. In addition the definition of and the difference between cyclophyllidean acetabula and Tetrabothriidean bothridia are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00927665
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hysterothylacium aduncum (Rudolphi, 1862) infection in cod from the Oslofjord: Seasonal occurrence of third-and fourth-stage larvae as well as adult worms (1993)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 79 (1993), S. 67-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hysterothylacium aduncum infections in cod from the Oslofjord were followed for 1 year. The recovered worms were grouped according to developmental stage [third-stage larvae (L3), fourth-stage larvae (L4) and adult worms] and according to location (in the gut or encapsulated on the viscera). The cod were found to be infected withH. aduncum (all stages lumped) throughout the whole year, with the prevalence approaching 100%. The abundance of the parasites (mean number per fish studied), however, was clearly lowest during the summer months. L3 and L4 recovered from the intestine dominated most of the time but showed a very clear peak during late winter and early spring. L3 recovered from the body cavity was the only stage that showed a clear peak during the summer months. Adult worms, although adult worms were present in very small numbers throughout the year, they tended to peak in May and then again in December and January. Since there did not seem to be a correlation between the accumulation of L3 in the body cavity and the length or age of the fish, the possibility of self-infection whereby the larvae reenter the gut and continue to develop into L4 and then into adults, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00931220
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the scolex morphology ofEubothrium spp. with emphasis on characters usable in species discrimination and with brief references on the scolices ofBothriocephalus sp. andTriaenophorus spp. (Cestoda; Pseudophyllidea) (1979)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 60 (1979), S. 147-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Scolices ofEubothrium crassum from brown trout,E. salvelini from char,E. parvum from mallotus,Bothriocephalus sp. from three-spined stickleback, andTriaenophorus spp. from pike were studied using scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.) and light microscopy, only the two first mentioned species were sectioned for transmission electron microscopy (T.E.M.). All scoleces examined with S.E.M. were characterized by ‘spherical bodies’ appearing on the scolex surface. Studied with T.E.M. these ‘bodies’ turned out to be cytoplasmic protrusions containing secretory granules. These protrusions seemed to be nipped off as globular structures which freed single secretory granules. The present study also emphasizes the use of S.E.M. as a tool in cestode taxonomy and clarifies some of the problems and confusion that have surrounded the scolex morphology and shape ofE. crassum andE. salvelini.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00927971
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    “Spring rise” of whaleworm (Anisakis simplex; Nematoda, Ascaridoidea) third-stage larvae in some fish species from Norwegian waters (2000)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 86 (2000), S. 619-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The seasonal variation in the infection of saithe (Pollachius virens), cod (Gadus morhua), and redfish (Sebastes marinus) from a coastal area of central Norway with Anisakis simplex third-stage larvae (L3) was studied over a period of 1 year. In all three host species there was an increase in the abundance of the parasite in spring, with a peak appearing in March and April. Cod displayed the most distinct seasonal variation, showing a clear abundance peak in April. The abundance peak in April for redfish was not as pronounced. In saithe the abundance over the seasons was less prominent, with a maximum appearing in March and another increase in abundance occurring during July. It is apparent that the causes behind the pattern of infection observed in this study are complex. However, possible explanatory mechanisms are discussed. Arguments are propounded to suggest that the increased supply of parasite eggs from northward-migrating whales in addition to the general spring bloom of plankton constitute the most important factors governing the phenomenon of “spring rise” in A. simplex L3 in the study area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008541
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