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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ion energy width of a dc metal arc plasma under high vacuum : The 8th international conference on ion sources (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 1131-1133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A finite energy width of the ion beam after being extracted from a metal ion source has been measured by using a mass spectrum analyzer of magnetic prism type. The method of analysis is described in which effects of velocity dispersions in longitudinal and lateral directions, slit width, scan effect, and prism angle are taken into account. The energy width of Cu ions has been determined by considering the width of the spectrum at a maximum slope under magnetic field scanning. The energy width is found to be of the order of the pre-sheath depth, the ion temperature effect having a secondary effect. The method has the merit of causing no disturbance on the plasma and will be useful for the beam diagnostics and for designing an ion source for a three dimensional ion implantation. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150406
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of microwave plasma in narrow cross sectional tubes: Effect of the shape of cross section (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 3332-3337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A microwave plasma is produced in a conducting tube with a cross section smaller than the cutoff value. Waves of 2.45 GHz are launched perpendicularly to the multicusp magnetic field formed by permanent magnets surrounding the tube. Circular and square cross sectional tubes are tested. Overdense plasmas with a density of (0.8–2.0)×1011 cm−3 are obtained in the range of 10−4 Torr for powers of 200–360 W. The electron temperature is 6–12 eV. Under the same experimental conditions, the plasma density and the electron temperature are higher for the circular cross section. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149914
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transversely magnetized microwave plasma in a rectangular waveguide under cutoff conditions (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 3061-3067 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A plasma has been produced in 0.1–0.3 mTorr Ar inside a rectangular TE10 mode waveguide with a cross-sectional area (6.3 cm width × 4.2 cm height) much smaller than standard waveguides (12.4 cm width ×5.6 cm height), using microwaves of 2.45 GHz and 100–260 W of power. The characteristics of the plasma and the wave propagation have been studied for the perpendicularly launched waves (k⊥B) in the ordinary like (E(parallel)B) and extraordinary like (E⊥B) modes, where a magnetic field of about 1200 G is generated inside the waveguide by rectangular blocks of permanent SmCo magnets. The maximum electron density, as measured by a plane probe, in the E(parallel)B and E⊥B cases are 2×1010 and 3×1011 cm−3, respectively, while the electron temperatures ranged between 3 and 11 eV. Experimental results obtained in the two cases are discussed and the particle trajectories are studied from a single particle theory. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148241
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron cyclotron resonance plasma in multicusp magnets with axial magnetic plugging (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 3751-3755 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An electron cyclotron resonance plasma source is built by arranging SmCo magnets to form a multicusp magnetic field with axial magnetic plugging. The source is tested in H2, N2, and Ar by the microwave of 2.45 GHz in the range from 10−2 to 10−3 Pa. The discharge sustaining power is measured as a function of pressure. The plasma density, the average electron energy, and the electron energy distribution are measured by using a Langmuir probe. Plasma is obtained at pressures as low as 10−3 Pa in Ar. The average electron energy and the ion density increase with the feed microwave power. The electron energy distribution shows depletion at the low-energy part. Ion spectra obtained in Ar show a multicharged state up to Ar8+. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144501
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An ECR ion source with high proton ratio : International conference on ion sources (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 270-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A highly ionized hydrogen plasma has been obtained by ECR in the minimum B field composed of an octupole and mirror fields. The beam current density extracted from it by a high voltage of 10 kV is 65 mA/cm2, while the saturation ion current density is 500 mA/cm2, and the ratio of the proton to the total components is as large as 0.9. Calculation based on particle balance equations explains the high proton ratio as well as the dependence of each ion component on the plasma parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141317
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of H− in a new type compact electron cyclotron resonance ion source : International conference on ion sources (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 247-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new type compact electron cyclotron resonance ion source is constituted by using permanent magnets and a 2.45-GHz microwave. A cylindrical vessel of Pyrex glass is mounted inside a TE11-mode waveguide. A cusp field is formed in the vessel by two water-cooled permanent magnets, the one being a SmCo cylinder and the other being a ferrite doughnut-shaped ring. The cusp field is modified from the conventional one in that the field at the upper part serves commonly as a wave radiator and a plasma confinement space. As a result, an overdense plasma can be realized with typical parameters Ne=2.5×1011 cm−3 and Te=3.5 eV at 5×10−4 Torr. The field at the lower section is opened toward the bottom extraction part to allow a downward drift of the produced plasma. This facilitates the extraction of the H− beam from the bottom electrode system. The beam current density showed a maximum value of 0.5 mA cm−2 at 4×10−4 Torr. The result is compared with the calculation by using rate equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141309
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interpulse plasma of a high-power narrow-bandwidth pulsed microwave discharge (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 115-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The plasma produced by high-power (60–100 kW), narrow-pulse-width (0.5–1 μs) microwaves with a repetition frequency of 0.3–1 kHz has been studied experimentally. Particular attention is paid to the plasma between pulses (interpulse plasma). The plasma was created by launching microwave pulses from a magnetron operating at 3 GHz into a magnetic confinement device in a vacuum chamber. The gas used was a rare gas (Ar), a molecular gas (N2), and a molecular gaseous mixture (O2+N2), with a volume mixing ratio of 1:4. The temporally decaying ion current measured with a Langmuir probe showed different features for the three kinds of gases, which are attributed not only to the effects of recombination and diffusion but also those of metastables and negative ions. The plasma density at the end of each microwave pulse was of the order 1010 cm−3 and the electron temperature was 6–8 eV, much higher than that of the usual afterglow. Numerical simulation of the decay characteristics showed a fair agreement with the experimental results. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368008
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comment on "On the surface condition of Langmuir probes in reactive plasmas" [Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 153 (2001)] (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 2663-2664 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1411980
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haplotype study on C4 polymorphism in Japanese. Associations with MIHC Alleles, complotypes, and HLA-complement haplotypes (1985)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 22 (1985), S. 359-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Genetic polymorphism of the fourth component of human complement (C4) was investigated in 83 Japanese families which have been typed for HLA-A, -B, -C, -DR, C2, and BF. Four common C4A alleles and four common C4B alleles were observed. The allele frequencies estimated from unrelated parents were as follows: C4A3, 0.686; A4, 0.132; A2, 0.106; AQ0, 0.067; ARares, 0.009; C4B1, 0.587; B2, 0.167; B5, 0.088; and BQ0, 0.158. Eight different C4 haplotypes were observed with frequencies of more than 0.01. The estimated haplotype frequencies were as follows: C4A3-B1, 0.513; A4-B2, 0.114; A2-BQ0, 0.106; A3-B5, 0.088; AQ0-B1, 0.059; A3-BQ0, 0.047; A3-B2,0.038; A4-B1, 0.015; and Rares, 0.021. Strong positive gametic associations were found in the following C4-HLA haplotypes: C4A2BQ0-A24, C4A2BQ0-Bw52, C4A3B5-Bw54, C4A3B5-Bw59, C4A4B2-Bw46, C4A3B5-Cw1, C4A2BQ0-DR2, and C4A3B5-DR4. Eleven complotypes were observed with frequencies of more than 0.01. C4A2BQ0 and C4A3B5 were exclusively associated with BFS-C2C. BFF was associated with C4A3B1, C2AT, C2B, and C2BH were associated with C4A3B1, A4B2, and C4A3B1, respectively. Eight different HLA-complement haplotypes were found to be characteristic of Japanese. These combinations are considerably different from those reported in Caucasoid populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00430919
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agarose for a bioartificial pancreas (1992)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 26 (1992), S. 967-977 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Islets were encapsulated into 5% concentration agarose microbeads. The effect of microencapsulation on islet allograft survivals was determined using a streptozotocininduced diabetic (STZ) mouse and a nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse as recipients. All five STZ BALB/c mice receiving microencapsulated islets (C57BL/6) maintained normoglycemia indefinitely. When NOD mice were used as recipients of the bioartificial pancreas, four of five grafts (islets from C3H/He) functioned for more than 80 d. Two of five NOD mice maintained normoglycemia until animals were sacrificed at 102 and 192 postoperative d. Microbeads made of commercially available agarose can effectively prolong alloislets functioning in the STZ-diabetic mouse and even in the NOD mouse (animal model of human type I diabetes) without the use of any immunosuppressive drug.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820260711
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